B -lactams and other antibiotics acting upon cell wall
β-lactams and other antibiotics acting upon cell wall
Ten molecules of 20th century ·1900-1910:aspirin ·1910-1920:isooctane（异辛烷，car related) 1920-1930:penicillin G 1930-1940:polyethene (ICI obtained occasionally,used for radar cable insulation 1940-1950:nylon 6,6 (replacing silk textile) ·1950-1960:DNA 0 1960-1970:progestin(黄体激素， contraceptives) 1970-1980:DDT (harmful to birds and animal) ·1980-1990:fluoxetine(氟西汀) 1990-2000:carbon nanotubes
Ten molecules of 20th century • 1900-1910: aspirin • 1910-1920: isooctane （异辛烷，car related ） • 1920-1930: penicillin G • 1930-1940: polyethene （ICI obtained occasionally ，used for radar cable insulation ） • 1940-1950: nylon 6,6 (replacing silk textile) • 1950-1960: DNA • 1960-1970: progestin （黄体激素， contraceptives ） • 1970-1980: DDT （harmful to birds and animal ） • 1980-1990: fluoxetine （氟西汀） • 1990-2000: carbon nanotubes
B-Lactam Antibiotics
β–Lactam Antibiotics
B-Lactam Antibiotics X H X H RCONH- A COOH COOH X=-H,-OCHg X=-H,-OCH3 Carbapenem Penicillins Cephalosporins NH Penem Oxypenam Monobactam
β–Lactam Antibiotics N S O X H RCONH COOH X= -H, -OCH3 Penicillins N O X H RCONH S COOH A X= -H, -OCH3 Cephalosporins N O Monobactam NH O Carbapenem N O S Penem N O O Oxypenam
H CH3 CH3 COOH Penicillin nucleus. B-lactam is the square at the center
Penicillin nucleus. β- lactam is the square at the center
Natural penicillins ·Penicillin G ·Pharmacokinetics: Easily destroyed by gastric acid Wide distribution and 5%across BBB when in meningitis Renal tubular excretion in prototype
Natural penicillins • Penicillin G • Pharmacokinetics: Easily destroyed by gastric acid Wide distribution and 5% across BBB when in meningitis Renal tubular excretion in prototype
Penicillin G HC CH OH 111H N Thiazolidine Acyl side-chain ring H-11I B-lactam ring H O H Thiazolidine:噻唑烷；acy小：酰基
Thiazolidine: 噻唑烷； acyl: 酰基
A Afferent arteriole Bowman's capsule Efferent arteriole Parietal wall Bowman's capsule Visceral wall podocytes. Distal convoluted tubule B Glomerular capillaries (fenestrated endothellum) Collecting tubule Proximal tubule (convoluted and -Collecting duct straight portions) CORTEX MEDULLA Loop of Henle Thick ascending limb◆ Papillary duct Loop of Henle Thin segments Note:The renal corpuscle is Bowman's capsule (A) and the glomerulus(B) The nephron and collecting duct system of the kidney
Antibacterial spectrum G+cocci:Staphylococcus infections G cocci:Staphylococcus pneumoniae infection √G*bacilli:diphtheria(白喉)，tetanus (破伤风) √Leptospira(螺旋体)：leptospirosis(钩 端螺旋体病 ) √Actinomycetes(放线菌)： actinomycosis(放线菌病)
Antibacterial spectrum G+ cocci : Staphylococcus infections G- cocci: Staphylococcus pneumoniae infection G+ bacilli: diphtheria（白喉），tetanus （破伤风） Leptospira（螺旋体）: leptospirosis（钩 端螺旋体病） Actinomycetes（放线菌）： actinomycosis（放线菌病）
Neisseria gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟菌
淋病奈瑟菌