English Around the World学案 Step 1 Words 1. native J 本土的,本国的,土生的(+to) The giant panda is native to China. 大熊猫是中国特有的动物 She was native to taipei. 她原籍台北 n.本地人,本国人 Are you a native here, or just a visitor? 你是本地人,或者只是游客? 2. base n.基础,基地,基部 The company has its base in New York and branch offices all over the world 公司总部设在纽约,分支遍布全世界。 vt.以……为根据 【搭配】base…on…把……建立在……上,以……为根据 be based on根据,建立在……上 Alice always bases her opinions on the facts 爱丽丝的观点总是建立在事实的基础之上。, Her conclusion is based on scientific research 她的结论是建立在科学研究的基础上的 【经典例题 The film was made the World War ii A. base on B. based on C. base in 【答案】B 3. latter ad j.较后的,后面的,(两者中)后者的 I find it hard to understand the latter part of his lecture 我发现他的讲座后面部分很难理解。 Did he walk or swim across the river? The latter seems unlikely 他是趟过河,还是游过河?后者似乎不可能。 【辨析】late, later, latter, lately 1)late是形容词,表示“迟到的,晚的”。如: You are late again!你又迟到了。 2) later可作形容词,是late的比较级,意为“更迟的,更后的”;也可作副词,意为“稍 随后”,常与on连用。如 We will discuss this in detail in a later chapter. 我们将在以后的一章中对这一点作详细的探讨。 II tell you later.我以后再告诉你 3) latter最常用的含义是“两者中的(后者)”,常与the连用,固定搭配“ the former… the latter Here are Tom and David the latter is my brother
1 English Around the World 学案 Step 1 Words 1. native adj. 本土的,本国的,土生的 (+to) The giant panda is native to China. 大熊猫是中国特有的动物。 She was native to Taipei. 她原籍台北。 n. 本地人,本国人 Are you a native here, or just a visitor? 你是本地人， 或者只是游客? 2. base n．基础，基地，基部 The company has its base in New York and branch offices all over the world． 公司总部设在纽约，分支遍布全世界。 vt. 以……为根据 【搭配】base…on…把……建立在……上，以……为根据 be based on 根据，建立在……上 Alice always bases her opinions on the facts． 爱丽丝的观点总是建立在事实的基础之上。 ， Her conclusion is based on scientific research． 她的结论是建立在科学研究的基础上的。 【经典例题】 The film was made ________ the World War II. A. base on B. based on C. base in D. based in 【答案】B 3．latter adj．较后的，后面的，(两者中)后者的 I find it hard to understand the latter part of his lecture． 我发现他的讲座后面部分很难理解。 Did he walk or swim across the river?The latter seems unlikely． 他是趟过河，还是游过河?后者似乎不可能。 【辨析】late，later,latter,lately 1)late 是形容词，表示“迟到的，晚的”。如： You are late again!你又迟到了。 2)later 可作形容词，是 late 的比较级，意为“更迟的，更后的”；也可作副词，意为“稍 后，随后”，常与 on 连用。如： We will discuss this in detail in a later chapter. 我们将在以后的一章中对这一点作详细的探讨。 I'll tell you later. 我以后再告诉你。 3)latter 最常用的含义是“两者中的(后者)”，常与 the 连用，固定搭配“the former…， the latter…”。如： Here are Tom and David; the latter is my brother
这是汤姆和戴维;后者是我的兄弟。 4) lately是副词,意为“近来,最近”。如: lave you been to Beijing lately?你最近去过北京吗? 【经典例题】 Did he go there by bike or on foot? The seems unlikely. A latter b late C later d latel 【答案】A 1)n.请求,要求的事情 They made an urgent request for help after the big snowstorm 暴风雪过后他们请求紧急援助 【搭配】① at one’ s request= at the request of sb应某人的要求 The teacher sang an English song at the request of his students 那位老师应学生们的要求唱了一首英文歌。 ② make a request(for)请求 Mr. Paine made a request that i should help him. 佩恩先生要求我帮助他 2)vt请求,要求 ① request sb to de I requested him to come before ten 我要求他十点以前来 Visitors are requestud not to take photos.参观者被要求不能拍照。 ② request后接宾语从句时,从句的谓语动词要用“ should+动词原形”, should可以省略 此用法也适用于 request作名词接同位语从句,说明要求的具体内容。如: He requested the police that they(should)go there at once 他请求警察马上赶去那里 The secretary made a request that they should wait outside 秘书要求他们在外面等候。 【经典例题】 IsI tors not to touch the exhibits A will request B are requested C are requesting D request 【答案】B 5. command vt 1).命令[02][+that] I command that he go at once.我命令他立即就去 I command you to start at once.我命令你立即动身。 2).指挥,统率;控制 He was told to command his temper 有人叫他控制脾气。 3).拥有,掌握 n.1)命令[C] Who issued the command to fire? 谁下令开枪的 2).控制,控制权;指挥,指挥权[U
2 这是汤姆和戴维;后者是我的兄弟。 4)lately 是副词，意为“近来，最近”。如： Have you been to Beijing lately?你最近去过北京吗? 【经典例题】 Did he go there by bike or on foot? The ______ seems unlikely. A latter B late C later D lately 【答案】A 4. request 1)n. 请求，要求的事情 They made an urgent request for help after the big snowstorm． 暴风雪过后他们请求紧急援助。 【搭配】①at one’s request=at the request of sb 应某人的要求 The teacher sang an English song at the request of his students· 那位老师应学生们的要求唱了一首英文歌。 ② make a request(for)请求 Mr. Paine made a request that I should help him. 佩恩先生要求我帮助他。 2) vt 请求，要求 ① request sb to do I requested him to come before ten. 我要求他十点以前来。 Visitors are requestud not to take photos．参观者被要求不能拍照。 ②request 后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略。 此用法也适用于 request 作名词接同位语从句，说明要求的具体内容。如： He requested the police that they(should)go there at once· 他请求警察马上赶去那里。 The secretary made a request that they should wait outside． 秘书要求他们在外面等候。 【经典例题】 Visitors _____ not to touch the exhibits. A will request B are requested C are requesting D request 【答案】B 5. command vt. 1). 命令[O2][+that] I command that he go at once. 我命令他立即就去。 I command you to start at once. 我命令你立即动身。 2). 指挥,统率;控制 He was told to command his temper. 有人叫他控制脾气。 3). 拥有,掌握 n. 1) 命令[C] Who issued the command to fire? 谁下令开枪的? 2). 控制,控制权;指挥,指挥权[U]
He has a hundred men under his command 他指挥一百个人 3).掌握;运用能力[U] She has a good command of spoken English. 她的英语口语很熟练。 6. recognize vt 1).认出,识别;认识[(+as)] The policeman recognized her as a pickpocket 警察认出她是个小偷 He looked at the envelope and recognized Jennys handwriting immediately. 他看了看信封,马上认出是珍妮的笔迹 2.)正式承认;认可,认定[(+as)] Many countries recognized the new government 许多国家承认了新政府 【经典例题】 -Oh, it s you, Xiao Ming! I you I' ve just had my hair cut and I m wearing new glasses A.didn’ t recognize B. haven’ t noticed C.hadn’ t observed D.don’ t find 【答案】A Step 2 Phrases 1. come up走近,到来;被提出 While we were talking, a stranger came up to us and asked for some money 我们在交谈时,一个陌生人走近我们,向我们要钱 The problem came up at the meeting yesterday.这个问题昨天在会上被提出来了 【易错】 come up表示“被提出”时,主动形式表示被动含义,无需再使用被动形式 【联想】与come有关的短语 come about产生,发生 come out出版, come up with提出 come across 偶遇come to共计;涉及;达成 【经典例题】 Can you explain how it that you missed the morning classes? A came about B came to C came up D came across 【答案】A 2. at present现在,目前 Mother is busy preparing dinner at present.妈妈现在正忙着做饭 Ican’' t get in touch with him at present.我现在无法和他取得联系 【联想】1) present n.礼物,现在 2)adj.出席,在场,当前的,现在的 present意为“出席,在场’’且作定语时,置于名词、代词之后;意为“当前 的”且作定语时,置于名词之前。如: They are making a careful study of the present situation of the world 他们正在仔细研究当前的世界局势。 Everyone present at the meeting was strongly against the decision 参加会议的每个人都强烈反对这项决定。 3
3 He has a hundred men under his command. 他指挥一百个人。 3). 掌握;运用能力[U] She has a good command of spoken English. 她的英语口语很熟练。 6. recognize vt. 1). 认出,识别;认识[(+as)] The policeman recognized her as a pickpocket. 警察认出她是个小偷。 He looked at the envelope and recognized Jenny's handwriting immediately. 他看了看信封,马上认出是珍妮的笔迹。 2.) 正式承认;认可,认定[(+as)] Many countries recognized the new government. 许多国家承认了新政府。 【经典例题】 ——Oh，it’s you，Xiao Ming! I ______you． ——I’ve just had my hair cut and I'm wearing new glasses． A．didn’t recognize B．haven’t noticed C．hadn’t observed D．don’t find 【答案】A Step 2 Phrases 1. come up 走近，到来；被提出 While we were talking，a stranger came up to us and asked for some money． 我们在交谈时，一个陌生人走近我们，向我们要钱。 The problem came up at the meeting yesterday．这个问题昨天在会上被提出来了。 【易错】come up 表示“被提出”时，主动形式表示被动含义，无需再使用被动形式。 【联想】与 come 有关的短语 come about 产生，发生 come out 出版， come up with 提出 come across 偶遇 come to 共计；涉及；达成 【经典例题】 Can you explain how it _____ that you missed the morning classes? A came about B came to C came up D came across 【答案】 A 2. at present 现在，目前 Mother is busy preparing dinner at present．妈妈现在正忙着做饭。 I can’t get in touch with him at present．我现在无法和他取得联系。 【联想】1)present n．礼物，现在； 2)adj．出席，在场，当前的，现在的 present 意为 “出席，在场’’且作定语时，置于名词、代词之后；意为“当前 的”且作定语时，置于名词之前。如： They are making a careful study of the present situation of the world· 他们正在仔细研究当前的世界局势。 。 Everyone present at the meeting was strongly against the decision· 参加会议的每个人都强烈反对这项决定
3)vt.赠送,呈献[(with) They presented him with a bunch of flowers. 他们献给他一東鲜花 4) presence n.在场,出席 was surprised by the presence of so many people at the meeting 这么多人出席会议使我感到吃惊 【经典例题】 all the people at the party were his supporters.(2002北京) A. present B. thankful C. interested Important 【答案】A 3. make use of利用 【用法】use前可用good,full,poor, little等词修饰。如: As a student, you must make full use of your spare time 作为学生,你必须充分利用课余时间 Make good use of every chance to practise speaking English and your spoken English will be better soon.充分利用每一次练习说英语的机会,那么,你的英语 口语很快就会变好。 【联想】与make有关的短语 Make friends with和…交朋友 make fun of取笑 make a decision作出决定 make a face/ faces扮鬼脸 make progress in在…取得进步 【经典例题】 Every minute must be made full use of spoken English. a to practice B practicing C practice D practised 【答案】A 4. such as例如,诸如此类,像……这样的 Ball games such as basketball and football are very exciting. 球类运动,如篮球和足球,都很激动人心。 【辨析】 such as, for example, that is 1) such as用于列举同类人或事物中的若干例子,但不能全部列出。如: Mr Wang is good at several foreign languages, such as english and french 王先生精通好几门外语,比如英语和法语 2) for example一般只列举几类人或事物中的‘‘一个”,其位置可在句首、句中或句末, 经常用逗号分开。如: Mr Wang is good at several foreign languages, for example, English 王先生精通好几门外语,比如英语 3) that is所列举的数量等同于所提人或事物的总数,也需要用逗号隔开,此时不能用such 或 for example。如 Mr Wang is good at two foreign languages, that is, English and french 王先生精通两门外语,即英语和法语。 Only one boy student won the first prize in the maths contest, that is, Mike. 只有一名男生在数学竞赛中获得一等奖,就是迈克 【经典例题】 Many famous singers Wang Fei and She, have acted in films a such B for example c that is D such as
4 3) vt. 赠送,呈献[(with) They presented him with a bunch of flowers. 他们献给他一束鲜花 4)presence n．在场，出席 I was surprised by the presence of so many people at the meeting. 这么多人出席会议使我感到吃惊。 【经典例题】 All the people ________ at the party were his supporters.(2002北京) A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important 【答案】 A 3. make use of 利用 【用法】use 前可用 good，full，poor, little 等词修饰。如： As a student,you must make full use of your spare time． 作为学生，你必须充分利用课余时间。 - Make good use of every chance to practise speaking English and your spoken English will be better soon．充分利用每一次练习说英语的机会，那么，你的英语 口语很快就会变好。 【联想】与 make 有关的短语 Make friends with 和…交朋友 make fun of 取笑 make a decision 作出决定 make a face/faces 扮鬼脸 make progress in 在…取得进步 【经典例题】 Every minute must be made full use of ______ spoken English. A to practice B practicing C practice D practised 【答案】A 4. such as 例如，诸如此类，像……这样的 Ball games such as basketball and football are very exciting． 球类运动，如篮球和足球，都很激动人心。 【辨析】such as, for example，that is 1)such as 用于列举同类人或事物中的若干例子，但不能全部列出。如： Mr Wang is good at several foreign languages，such as English and French． 王先生精通好几门外语，比如英语和法语。 ‘ 2) for example 一般只列举几类人或事物中的‘‘一个”，其位置可在句首、句中或句末， 经常用逗号分开。如： Mr Wang is good at several foreign languages，for example，English． 王先生精通好几门外语，比如英语。 3）that is 所列举的数量等同于所提人或事物的总数，也需要用逗号隔开，此时不能用 such as 或 for example。如： Mr Wang is good at two foreign languages,that is，English and French. 王先生精通两门外语，即英语和法语。 Only one boy student won the first prize in the maths contest，that is，Mike． 只有一名男生在数学竞赛中获得一等奖，就是迈克。 【经典例题】 Many famous singers, _____ Wang Fei and SHE, have acted in films. A such B for example C that is D such as
【答案】D 5. play a part in在……中起作用,在……中扮演角色 Computer is playing a more and more important part in our daily life 电脑在我们的日常生活中正起着越来越重要的作用 She was unhappy because she played a small part in the play 她不开心是因为她在戏中扮演一个小角色 【联想】与 play a part in意思相同的短语有 play a role in 【经典例题】 The new economic development zone will n the development of the area. a play a leading part b take part c play leading part d take a part 【答案】A 6. a number of…意思是“一些,若干”(=some),后接可数名词复数或代词,谓 语动词用复数形式 a number of…词组中还可以加入形容词表示数量大或小等(例如 a1arge/ small number of…许多/少数…… 【辨析】 a number of, the number of the number of…意思是“……的数字/数目”,介词of同其后名词构成介词短语,修饰 the number.当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如 Many people took part in 10, 000-metre race, but only a number of t hem kept on running to the end.许多人参加了10000米跑,但只有一些人坚持 跑到底 A number of my friends think I should take a holiday. 我的一些朋友认为我应该休假 The number of students is about twenty. 学生人数大约是20人左右。 【经典例题】 A number of people been invited to the party, but the exact number still a has: is b have: are C has: are d have: is 【答案】D Step 3 Key sentences 1. Later in the next century, people from Englan made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.A 来,在下个世纪,英国人开始航海征服世界其他地区。许多别的国家因此而开始说英语 (1)注意 voyage是可数名词,常和make搭配构成 make a voyage to或 make voyages to, 表示“航行到……”。单数表示一次航行 (2)初中学过 because表示“因为……”,与 because of的区别是: because是连词,后面 要跟句子,多作原因状语从句; because of中of是介词,后面只能跟名词或代词或ving 作宾语。试比较 Because it was raining outside, we stayed at home =Because of the rain outside, we stayed at home 因为外面下着雨,所以我们就呆在家里 【经典例题】 e must not lose heart only the difficulty we are faced with
5 【答案】D 5. play a part in 在……中起作用，在……中扮演角色 Computer is playing a more and more important part in our daily life． 电脑在我们的日常生活中正起着越来越重要的作用。 She was unhappy because she played a small part in the play． 她不开心是因为她在戏中扮演一个小角色。 【联想】与 play a part in 意思相同的短语有 play a role in。 【经典例题】 The new economic development zone will _____ in the development of the area. A play a leading part B take part C play leading part D take a part 【答案】A 6. a number of…意思是“一些，若干”（= some），后接可数名词复数或代词，谓 语动词用复数形式。 a number of… 词 组 中 还 可 以 加 入 形 容 词 表 示 数 量 大 或 小 等 （ 例 如 ： a large/small number of…许多/少数……）。 【辨析】a number of , the number of the number of…意思是“……的数字/数目”，介词 of 同其后名词构成介词短语，修饰 the number.当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如： Many people took part in 10,000-metre race, but only a number of t hem kept on running to the end. 许多人参加了 10000 米跑，但只有一些人坚持 跑到底。 A number of my friends think I should take a holiday. 我的一些朋友认为我应该休假。 The number of students is about twenty. 学生人数大约是 20 人左右。 【经典例题】 A number of people_____ been invited to the party, but the exact number ____ still unknown. A has; is B have; are C has; are D have; is 【答案】D Step 3 Key sentences 1．Later in the next century, people from Englan made vovages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that，English began to be spoken in many other countries．后 来，在下个世纪，英国人开始航海征服世界其他地区。许多别的国家因此而开始说英语。 (1)注意 voyage 是可数名词，常和 make 搭配构成 make a voyage to 或 make voyages to， 表 示“航行到……”。单数表示一次航行。 (2)初中学过 because 表示“因为……”，与 because of 的区别是：because 是连词，后面 要跟句子，多作原因状语从句；because of 中 of 是介词，后面只能跟名词或代词或 ving 作宾语。试比较： Because it was raining outside，we stayed at home． =Because of the rain outside, we stayed at home． 因为外面下着雨，所以我们就呆在家里。 【经典例题】 We must not lose heart only _____ the difficulty we are faced with
a because b because of c since d 【答案】B 2. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't same kind of english.以英语作为母语的人,即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同,也可以 相互理解。 句中“ even if they don’' t speak the same kind of English”是让步状语从句。如 They will stand by you even if though you don' t succ 即使你不成功,他们也将支持你。 even if是一个连词短语,引导让步状语从句,含义是“即使;尽管”。当让步状语从句的 动词用一般现在时表示将来的假设或一般的行为习惯时,通常用 even if或 even though 两者意思一样,用法也一样 【经典例题】 I fail this time, I would try again. A If only B Even if C whether D As if 【答案】B 3. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你,没 有标准英语这样的东西。 1) believe it or not意为“信不信由你”,常在句中作插入语。如: Believe it or not, John will go abroad for further study next month 信不信由你,约翰下个月就要出国深造了 【联想学习】常见的插入语有: 1) to tell you the truth实话告诉你 To tell you the truth, I' ll spend my summer vacation in Yunnan 实话告诉你吧,我将在云南度过暑假 2) generally speaking一般说来 Generally speaking, language learning needs a lot of practice 般说来,语言的学习需要大量的实践 3) you know/ you see你知道 You see,, my car broke down on the way.你知道,我的车在途中坏了。 4) I think我认为 His coat, I think, is really strange.他的外套,我认为,实在古怪。 【经典例题】 It is so nice to hear from her we last met more than 30 years ago A What's more B Thats to say C in other words d Believe it or not 【答案】D 2) no such thing意为“没有这样的事情”。such与no,any,all,some, another,one, many,afew, a little等词连用时,常置于这些词之后。如: There is no such person in our school.我们学校没有这样的人 I have met many such people.我遇见过许多这样的人 【经典例题】 We have book you are looking for. A such no b no such C not such d no such a 【答案】B
6 A because B because of C since D as 【答案】B 2. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以 相互理解。 句中“even if they don’t speak the same kind of English”是让步状语从句。如： They will stand by you even if／though you don’t succeed． 即使你不成功，他们也将支持你。 even if 是一个连词短语，引导让步状语从句，含义是“即使；尽管”。当让步状语从句的 动词用一般现在时表示将来的假设或一般的行为习惯时，通常用 even if 或 even though。 两者意思一样，用法也一样。 【经典例题】 _______ I fail this time, I would try again. A If only B Even if C whether D As if 【答案】B 3．Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English．信不信由你，没 有标准英语这样的东西。 1)believe it or not 意为“信不信由你”，常在句中作插入语。如： Believe it or not，John will go abroad for further study next month． 信不信由你，约翰下个月就要出国深造了。 【联想学习】常见的插入语有： 1)to tell you the truth 实话告诉你 To tell you the truth，I'll spend my summer vacation in Yunnan． 实话告诉你吧，我将在云南度过暑假。 2)generally speaking 一般说来 Generally speaking，language learning needs a lot of practice． 一般说来，语言的学习需要大量的实践。 3)you know／you see 你知道 You see，my car broke down on the way．你知道，我的车在途中坏了。 4) I think 我认为 His coat，I think，is really strange．他的外套，我认为，实在古怪。 【经典例题】 It is so nice to hear from her. _____, we last met more than 30 years ago. A What’s more B That’s to say C In other words D Believe it or not 【答案】D (2)no such thing 意为“没有这样的事情”。such 与 no, any, all, some, another, one， many，a few, a little 等词连用时，常置于这些词之后。如： There is no such person in our school．我们学校没有这样的人。 I have met many such people．我遇见过许多这样的人。 【经典例题】 We have _____ book you are looking for. A such no B no such C not such D no such a 【答案】B
4. The USa is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken. E 是一个使用多种方言的大国 in which引导定语从句修饰先行词 country,关系代词 which作介词in的宾语, in which 在定语从句中作地点状语,可用 where代替。如 The factory in which he once worked has been dosed down 他曾经工作过的工厂已被关闭。 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,应根据句意与搭配的需要选择正确的介词或短语 介词。如 He studies in the school at the back of which there is a river 他在背后有条河流的那所学校学习 Can you see the new building on the top of which flies a red flag? 你能看见到那座楼顶飘着一面红旗的新大楼吗? 【经典例题】 The pen he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 【答案】A ② This is the reason he didn t come to the meeting A. in which B. with which C. that 【答案】D 5. Well, go round the corner on your left-hand side-straight on and cross two streets 哦,在拐角处向左拐,照直向前走。穿过两条街道。 straight adv.直接;挺直adj.直的:笔直的:正直的 straight down the road and then turn left 沿着这条路一直走,然后左转 He went to bed straight after supper 他晚饭后直接去睡了。 His friend is a tall. slim girl with a straight nose 他的朋友是位鼻子挺直、身材高而苗条的姑娘。 As you know, his uncle is a straight man 如你所知,他的叔叔是一个正直的人 【经典例题】 Lucy doesn' t have curly hair. Yes, we can say she has A nice b blonde C short D straight 【答案】D Step 4 gramm 直接引语和间接引语(ID) 直接引语表示请求、命令、提议时,变为间接引语看似简单,但使用起来要视句义、 功能与说话者的语气、态度选择恰当的动词。学习时,应着重注意以下几个方面: 1.直接引语为祈使句,若表达请求、命令、要求、告知、鼓励等意思,在变为间接引语 时,通常将祈使句的动词原形变成动词不定式,并视句意在动词不定式前加上ask.tell order, advise, Invite,warn,beg, offer, encourage等动词,祈使句中的 please在间 接引语 中不再出现。如 7
7 4．The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken．美国 是一个使用多种方言的大国。 in which 引导定语从句修饰先行词 country，关系代词 which 作介词 in 的宾语，in which 在定语从句中作地点状语，可用 where 代替。如： The factory in which he once worked has been dosed down． 他曾经工作过的工厂已被关闭。 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，应根据句意与搭配的需要选择正确的介词或短语 介词。如： He studies in the school at the back of which there is a river. 他在背后有条河流的那所学校学习。 Can you see the new building on the top of which flies a red flag? 你能看见到那座楼顶飘着一面红旗的新大楼吗? 【经典例题】 ①The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 【答案】A ②This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 【答案】D 5. Well，go round the corner on your left-hand side-straight on and cross two streets． 哦，在拐角处向左拐，照直向前走。穿过两条街道。 straight adv．直接；挺直 adj．直的；笔直的；正直的 Go straight down the road and then turn left． 沿着这条路一直走，然后左转。 He went to bed straight after supper． 他晚饭后直接去睡了。 His friend is a tall．slim girl with a straight nose． 他的朋友是位鼻子挺直、身材高而苗条的姑娘。 As you know，his uncle is a straight man． 如你所知，他的叔叔是一个正直的人。 【经典例题】 --- Lucy doesn’t have curly hair. --- Yes, we can say she has ______ hair. A nice B blonde C short D straight 【答案】D Step 4 Grammar 直接引语和间接引语(II) 直接引语表示请求、命令、提议时，变为间接引语看似简单，但使用起来要视句义、 功能与说话者的语气、态度选择恰当的动词。学习时，应着重注意以下几个方面： 1．直接引语为祈使句，若表达请求、命令、要求、告知、鼓励等意思，在变为间接引语 时，通常将祈使句的动词原形变成动词不定式，并视句意在动词不定式前加上 ask．tell． order, advise，invite，warn，beg，offer, encourage 等动词，祈使句中的 please 在间 接引语 中不再出现。如：
Please speak English in class, the teacher said to us - The teacher asked us to speak English in class "Be careful with strangers, Mr Brown said to her -Mr Brown warned her to be careful with strangers Mrs Smith, let me carry the heavy box for you,said Mike Mike offered to carry the heavy box for Mrs Smith 若祈使句为否定式,改为间接引语时应将don’t改为 not to或 never to。如: “Don’ t forget to turn off the light,” Mother said to tom -Mother asked Tom not to forget to turn off the light 2.如果直接引语是表示劝告、建议的祈使句或疑问句,变为间接引语时,可以用 suggest doing…或 suggest that…结构。如: Wang Ping said,“Let’ s take a walk after supper -Ping suggested taking a walk after supper. E: Wang Ping suggested that we should take a walk after supper “ Shall we listen to the music?” he said to me. -He suggested listening to the music Ei: He suggested that we should listen to the 3.如果直接引语是表示请求的疑问句,变为间接引语时,通常用“ask/ advise+sb+不定 式结构”。如 you help me with my lessons? Mary said to jane. Mary asked Jane to help her with her lessons Would you mind moving over a bit? she said to me she asked me to move over a bit “ Why don’ t you ask Mr Wang for help?” he said to Jack He advised Jack to ask Mr Wang for help. 或: He suggested Jack’ s asking Mr Wang for help 但是:“ Will you be free this aftemoon?” she said 不能用上述结构,因为该问句不具备请求的功能,应按照我们在Unit1中学习到的规则 变化 4.最后我们简单学习一下感叹句变间接引语的方法。由what或how引导的感叹句变为间 接引语时,可用what或how引导,也可以用that引导。如 What a beautiful dress it is! she said -She said what a beautiful dress it was EX: She said that it was a beautiful dress
8 “Please speak English in class，”the teacher said to us． →The teacher asked us to speak English in class． “Be careful with strangers," Mr Brown said to her． →Mr Brown warned her to be careful with strangers． “Mrs Smith，let me carry the heavy box for you，”said Mike． →Mike offered to carry the heavy box for Mrs Smith． 若祈使句为否定式，改为间接引语时应将 don’t 改为 not to 或 never to。如： “Don’t forget to turn off the light，”Mother said to Tom． →Mother asked Tom not to forget to turn off the light． 2．如果直接引语是表示劝告、建议的祈使句或疑问句，变为间接引语时，可以用 suggest doing…或 suggest that…结构。如： Wang Ping said，“Let’s take a walk after supper.” →Ping suggested taking a walk after supper． 或：Wang Ping suggested that we should take a walk after supper． “Shall we listen to the music?” he said to me. →He suggested listening to the music． 或：He suggested that we should listen to the music． 3．如果直接引语是表示请求的疑问句，变为间接引语时，通常用“ask／advise+sb+不定 式结构”。如： “Will you help me with my lessons?’’ Mary said to Jane． → Mary asked Jane to help her with her lessons． “Would you mind moving over a bit?” she said to me． →She asked me to move over a bit． “Why don’t you ask Mr Wang for help?” he said to Jack． →He advised Jack to ask Mr Wang for help． 或：He suggested Jack’s asking Mr Wang for help． 但是：“Will you be free this aftemoon?” she said． 不能用上述结构，因为该问句不具备请求的功能，应按照我们在 Unit 1 中学习到的规则 变化。 4．最后我们简单学习一下感叹句变间接引语的方法。由 what 或 how 引导的感叹句变为间 接引语时，可用 what 或 how 引导，也可以用 that 引导。如： ‘'What a beautiful dress it is!” she said． →She said what a beautiful dress it was． 或：She said that it was a beautiful dress．