第一章植物的水分代谢 填空题 1淀粉磷酸化酶在pH值降低时催化 转变为 ,在光下由于光合作用的进行, 保卫细胞中的 减少,p值上升 2典型植物细胞的水势是由 组成的,细胞间水分子移动的方向决定于 水势的细胞向水势的细胞方向流动 3植物根系吸水的动力是 和 ,其中 较为重要 4将已发生质壁分离的细胞放入清水中,细胞的水势变化趋势是 细胞的渗透势 ,压力势 当 时,细胞停止吸水 5水分在植物细胞内以 状态存在 比值大时,代谢旺盛: 比值小时,代谢降低。 6在相同 下,一个系统中一偏摩尔容积的 与一偏摩尔容积的之间 的 叫作水势 和 现象可以证明根压的存在 8当相邻两个植物细胞连在一起时,水分移动方向决定于两端细胞的 9植物对蒸腾的调节方式有 和 10植物根部吸水能力最强的部位为 因为 是非题 I Leave is always the source and root is always the sink in the source-sink relationship 2 Osmotic adjustment is an active process in reducing the plant osmotic potential during water deficiency 3小麦从灌浆期倒乳熟末期是它的第二水分临界期。 4伤流速度主要取决于木质部溶液与外界溶液的水势差。 5深秋的早晨,树木花草叶面上有许多水滴,这种现象称为吐水 6落叶乔木在春天芽刚萌动时主要依靠根压吸收水分 (((((( )))))) 7植物的蒸腾比率越大,说明其越抗旱。 8土壤中水分越多,对植物吸收越有利 9植物蒸腾系数大,说明其利用水效率低 10蒸腾效率高的植物,一定是蒸腾量小的植物。 11具液泡的细胞,其衬质势数值很小,通常忽略不计。 ((((((( 12细胞水势在根部距离导管越远,则越高。 三选择题 I The direction of water movement between adjacent cells is determined by the A water potential B osmotic potential C pressure potential D. matric potential 2 The loss of water from plants is called and typically occurs through the B transpiration, leaves C. transpiration, stem D. osmosis. roots
第一章 植物的水分代谢 一 填空题 1 淀粉磷酸化酶在pH值降低时催化________转变为________,在光下由于光合作用的进行, 保卫细胞中的________减少,pH 值上升。 2 典型植物细胞的水势是由________组成的,细胞间水分子移动的方向决定于________,即 水势________的细胞向水势________的细胞方向流动。 3 植物根系吸水的动力是________和________,其中________较为重要。 4 将已发生质壁分离的细胞放入清水中,细胞的水势变化趋势是________,细胞的渗透势 ________,压力势________。当________时,细胞停止吸水。 5 水分在植物细胞内以________和________状态存在,________比值大时,代谢旺盛; ________比值小时,代谢降低。 6 在相同________下,一个系统中一偏摩尔容积的________与一偏摩尔容积的________之间 的________,叫作水势。 7 ________和________现象可以证明根压的存在。 8 当相邻两个植物细胞连在一起时,水分移动方向决定于两端细胞的________。 9 植物对蒸腾的调节方式有________、________和________。 10 植物根部吸水能力最强的部位为________,因为________________。 二 是非题 1 Leave is always the source and root is always the sink in the source-sink relationship. ( ) 2 Osmotic adjustment is an active process in reducing the plant osmotic potential during water deficiency. ( ) 3 小麦从灌浆期倒乳熟末期是它的第二水分临界期。 ( ) 4 伤流速度主要取决于木质部溶液与外界溶液的水势差。 ( ) 5 深秋的早晨,树木花草叶面上有许多水滴,这种现象称为吐水。 ( ) 6 落叶乔木在春天芽刚萌动时主要依靠根压吸收水分。 ( ) 7 植物的蒸腾比率越大,说明其越抗旱。 ( ) 8 土壤中水分越多,对植物吸收越有利。 ( ) 9 植物蒸腾系数大,说明其利用水效率低。 ( ) 10 蒸腾效率高的植物,一定是蒸腾量小的植物。 ( ) 11 具液泡的细胞,其衬质势数值很小,通常忽略不计。 ( ) 12 细胞水势在根部距离导管越远,则越高。 ( ) 三 选择题 1 The direction of water movement between adjacent cells is determined by the _______ gradient of the cells. A. water potential B. osmotic potential C. pressure potential D. matric potential 2 The loss of water from plants is called ____ and typically occurs through the ____. A. evaporation, leaves B. transpiration, leaves C. transpiration, stem D. osmosis, roots
3 Through which part of the leaf does water transpire? B epidermis C xylem 4 When the guard cells have a water pressure, they become and close the stoma. A. low, turgid B. low flaccid C high, turgid D. high. flaccid 5 Which of the following systems functions to absorb water and minerals? B stem D. flower 6 A cell that is hypertonic A. will experience a net movement of water into the cell from the surrounding environment B. has a lower concentration of solutes than the surrounding environment C. will experience a net movement of water out of the cell into the surround environment D. is in danger of plasmolysis 7 What is the term for a situation in which water osmoses out of a cell and into the surrounding environment? B plasmolysis C. hemoly D hydrostatic pressure increase 8 Which types of molecules usually will not pass through the membrane's lipid core? B D polar 9 During the two procedures from lab, what was the indicator that cell membranes were damaged? A. Betacyanin leaked from the tonoplast and the plasma membrane, turning the water red B. Betacyanin was absorbed from the water turning the tonoplast red C. Tonoplasts were produced D. The cell membrane pulled away from the cell wall 10吐水时由于高温高湿环境下 A.蒸腾拉力引起的 B.根系生理活动的结果 C.土壤中水分太多的缘故 D空气中水分多的缘故 l1把植物组织放在高渗溶液中,植物组织是 A.吸水 B.失水 C.水分动态平衡 D.水分不动 12水分沿导管或管胞上升的主要动力是 A.吐水 B.内聚力
3 Through which part of the leaf does water transpire? A. stomata B. epidermis C. xylem D. chloroplast 4 When the guard cells have a ___ water pressure, they become ____ and close the stoma. A. low, turgid B. low, flaccid C. high, turgid D. high, flaccid 5 Which of the following systems functions to absorb water and minerals? A. leaf B. stem C. root D. flower 6 A cell that is hypertonic... A. will experience a net movement of water into the cell from the surrounding environment. B. has a lower concentration of solutes than the surrounding environment. C. will experience a net movement of water out of the cell into the surround environment. D. is in danger of plasmolysis. 7 What is the term for a situation in which water osmoses out of a cell and into the surrounding environment? A. lysis B. plasmolysis C. hemolysis D. hydrostatic pressure increase 8 Which types of molecules usually will not pass through the membrane's lipid core? A. permeable B. nonpolar C. small D. polar 9 During the two procedures from lab, what was the indicator that cell membranes were damaged? A. Betacyanin leaked from the tonoplast and the plasma membrane, turning the water red. B. Betacyanin was absorbed from the water turning the tonoplasts red. C. Tonoplasts were produced. D. The cell membrane pulled away from the cell wall. 10 吐水时由于高温高湿环境下 A. 蒸腾拉力引起的 B. 根系生理活动的结果 C. 土壤中水分太多的缘故 D.空气中水分多的缘故 11 把植物组织放在高渗溶液中,植物组织是________ A. 吸水 B. 失水 C. 水分动态平衡 D. 水分不动 12 水分沿导管或管胞上升的主要动力是________ A. 吐水 B. 内聚力
C.蒸腾拉力 D.根压 13渗透作用进行的条件是 A.水势差 B.细胞结构 半透膜 D.半透膜的膜两侧水势差 14如果外液的水势高于植物细胞的水势,这种溶液称为 A.等渗溶液B.高渗溶液C.平衡溶液D.低渗溶液 15风干种子的萌发吸水靠 A.代谢作用B.吸胀作用C.渗透作用 16在同温同压条件下,溶液中水的自由能与纯水相比 A.要高一些B.要低一些C.两者相等 17植物的保卫细胞中的水势变化与下列哪项有关 A.糖B.脂肪酸C.苹果酸 四名词解释 1吐水 2共质体 3渗透势 4蒸腾系数 5根压 6渗透作用 7水势 8生理干旱 五解释现象 1小麦灌浆期缺水严重减产。 2水分沿着植物茎部导管上升可高达100m,为什么水柱不断 3为什么有时在植物移栽时要剪掉一部分叶子,根部还要带土? 4为什么植物受水淹时反而出现萎焉现象? 5盛夏中午植物不宜浇水,为什么? 6植物如何维持其体温的相对恒定? 7植物叶片水势的日变化如何? 六问答题 I If a grocer wanted to keep his fresh vegetables fresh and crispy, which type of water would he spray on them and why, distilled water, salt water, or no water at all? 2 What factors affect the direction of diffusion? If diffusion is observed to stop, does this mean that the molecules have stopped moving? Why or why not? 3 What is the basic driving force that causes the opening and closing of stomata? Exactly how does this affect the stomata? 4 Briefly describe how light, wind, and humidity affect transpiration 5 How to promote the water utilization efficiency on the basis of different photosynthetic plar 6试述植物气孔开闭的机理 7试以淀粉一糖转化学说,说明叶片气孔开闭的原因
C. 蒸腾拉力 D. 根压 13 渗透作用进行的条件是________ A. 水势差 B. 细胞结构 C. 半透膜 D. 半透膜的膜两侧水势差 14 如果外液的水势高于植物细胞的水势,这种溶液称为________ A. 等渗溶液 B. 高渗溶液 C. 平衡溶液 D. 低渗溶液 15 风干种子的萌发吸水靠________ A. 代谢作用 B. 吸胀作用 C. 渗透作用 16 在同温同压条件下,溶液中水的自由能与纯水相比________ A. 要高一些 B. 要低一些 C. 两者相等 17 植物的保卫细胞中的水势变化与下列哪项有关________ A. 糖 B. 脂肪酸 C. 苹果酸 四 名词解释 1 吐水 2 共质体 3 渗透势 4 蒸腾系数 5 根压 6 渗透作用 7 水势 8 生理干旱 五 解释现象 1 小麦灌浆期缺水严重减产。 2 水分沿着植物茎部导管上升可高达 100m,为什么水柱不断? 3 为什么有时在植物移栽时要剪掉一部分叶子,根部还要带土? 4 为什么植物受水淹时反而出现萎焉现象? 5 盛夏中午植物不宜浇水,为什么? 6 植物如何维持其体温的相对恒定? 7 植物叶片水势的日变化如何? 六 问答题 1 If a grocer wanted to keep his fresh vegetables fresh and crispy, which type of water would he spray on them and why, distilled water, salt water, or no water at all? 2 What factors affect the direction of diffusion? If diffusion is observed to stop, does this mean that the molecules have stopped moving? Why or why not? 3 What is the basic driving force that causes the opening and closing of stomata? Exactly how does this affect the stomata? 4 Briefly describe how light, wind, and humidity affect transpiration. 5 How to promote the water utilization efficiency on the basis of different photosynthetic pathways of plants? 6 试述植物气孔开闭的机理。 7 试以淀粉—糖转化学说,说明叶片气孔开闭的原因
8为什么说水是植物进行正常生命活动所必需的外界环境条件? 9水分代谢与植物体温的关系何在? 10举例说明外界环境条件对根系吸水和蒸腾作用的影响。 请说明保卫细胞的水势在光照和黑暗的不同条件下为什么不同。 12溶液中的水势为什么是负值? 13植物水分代谢包括哪些过程?
8 为什么说水是植物进行正常生命活动所必需的外界环境条件? 9 水分代谢与植物体温的关系何在? 10 举例说明外界环境条件对根系吸水和蒸腾作用的影响。 11 请说明保卫细胞的水势在光照和黑暗的不同条件下为什么不同。 12 溶液中的水势为什么是负值? 13 植物水分代谢包括哪些过程?