第三章植物的光合作用 填空题 1 In photosynthesis, starch is synthesized in while sucrose is synthesized in 2 For photosynthesis, takes place in the chloroplast grana while takes place in the chloroplast stroma. 3 Plant photorespiration needs three kind of organelles to cooperate, they are 4光合作用的光反应是在叶绿体的 进行的,而暗反应是在 进行的 5光合作用分为 两大步骤,第一步的实质是 ,第二步的实 质是 6植物生长接受光的色素是 7调节同化物运输速率,主要是调节 8植物碳素同化作用包括 和 三种类型。 9高等植物光合作用的最终电子供体是 最终电子受体是 10高等植物碳同化的生化途径有 和 三条。 l1光合作用的实质是 12光合环中的五个调节酶是 13群体植物的光饱和点比单株 14维持植物正常生长所需的最低日照强度 15类胡萝卜素除了收集光能外,还有 的功能 16光照强弱与光合作用暗反应中的 酶密切有关 17水分亏缺降低光合速率的原因可能是在下列几方面: 二是非题 I The photorespiration of C3 plants is higher than C4 plants 2 The COz compensation point of C3 plants is lower than C4 plants 3当环境的温度升高时,植物的光补偿点变低 4叶绿体的荧光波长往往要比吸收光的波长要长。 5水是光合作用中电子的原始供体。 6所有的叶绿素a都是作用中心色素 7叶绿素皂化后溶解在石油醚中。 8降低环境温度可以降低光补偿点 9ATP是光反应中的电子最终受体 10一般情况下,作物的经济系数越大,产量越高 11光补偿点升高的原因之一是环境温度降低。 12植物在光下不存在呼吸作用 13叶绿体放氧是由非环式光合磷酸化完成的 14光反应之所以能逆热力学方向发生,是由于吸收了光能。 ))))) 15类胡萝卜素具有收集光能的作用,还有防护温度伤害叶绿色的功能。 16光呼吸的底物乙醇酸是在叶绿体内形成的 三选择题 I During primary reaction of photosynthesis, the central chlorophyll of the reaction center turns light energy into
第三章 植物的光合作用 一 填空题 1 In photosynthesis, starch is synthesized in ___________, while sucrose is synthesized in ___________. 2 For photosynthesis, ___________ takes place in the chloroplast grana while________________ takes place in the chloroplast stroma.. 3 Plant photorespiration needs three kind of organelles to cooperate, they are _________________, ______________ and ________________. 4 光合作用的光反应是在叶绿体的_________进行的，而暗反应是在_________进行的。 5 光合作用分为_______________两大步骤，第一步的实质是_______________，第二步的实 质是________________。 6 植物生长接受光的色素是___________________________。 7 调节同化物运输速率，主要是调节_______________。 8 植物碳素同化作用包括_________、_________和_________三种类型。 9 高等植物光合作用的最终电子供体是_________，最终电子受体是_________。 10 高等植物碳同化的生化途径有_________、_________和_________三条。 11 光合作用的实质是_____________________________________________。 12 光合环中的五个调节酶是_________、_________、_________、_________、_________。 13 群体植物的光饱和点比单株_________。 14 维持植物正常生长所需的最低日照强度__________________。 15 类胡萝卜素除了收集光能外，还有___________________________的功能。 16 光照强弱与光合作用暗反应中的__________________酶密切有关。 17 水分亏缺降低光合速率的原因可能是在下列几方面：_________，_________，_________。 二 是非题 1 The photorespiration of C3 plants is higher than C4 plants. （ ） 2 The CO2 compensation point of C3 plants is lower than C4 plants. （ ） 3 当环境的温度升高时，植物的光补偿点变低 （ ） 4 叶绿体的荧光波长往往要比吸收光的波长要长。 （ ） 5 水是光合作用中电子的原始供体。 （ ） 6 所有的叶绿素 a 都是作用中心色素。 （ ） 7 叶绿素皂化后溶解在石油醚中。 （ ） 8 降低环境温度可以降低光补偿点。 （ ） 9 ATP 是光反应中的电子最终受体。 （ ） 10 一般情况下，作物的经济系数越大，产量越高。 （ ） 11 光补偿点升高的原因之一是环境温度降低。 （ ） 12 植物在光下不存在呼吸作用。 （ ） 13 叶绿体放氧是由非环式光合磷酸化完成的。 （ ） 14 光反应之所以能逆热力学方向发生，是由于吸收了光能。 （ ） 15 类胡萝卜素具有收集光能的作用，还有防护温度伤害叶绿色的功能。 （ ） 16 光呼吸的底物乙醇酸是在叶绿体内形成的。 （ ） 三 选择题 1 During primary reaction of photosynthesis, the central chlorophyll of the reaction center turns light energy into __________
A fluorescence B. chemical energy C electric energy D. light energy 2 During dark reaction of photosynthesis, is exported from the chloroplast to the ytosol to synthesize sucrose A PGA B G-6-P C triose phosphate D F-6-P 3 Photosynthesis is a chemical process that converts -energy to energy A light, chemical B. chemical, light C chemical, sugar D. sunlight. light 4 Which of the following is the proper summary equation for photosynthesis? A C6H12O6+ CO in the presence of light and chlorophyll yields H20+O2 B. H2O+ CO2 in the presence of light and chlorophyll yields C6H12O6+O2+ H2O C H20+ CO yields C6H12O6+O2+H2O D. CO in the presence of light and chlorophyll yields C6H1206+O2 5 Plants typically store the sugar produced from photosynthesis in the form of A. Protein B. Fatty acids C. Starch D Cellulose 6 If the Rf value for the paper chromatography of carotene was 0.5 and the value for chlorophyll b was 0.7, then which of the following choices is true for these two pigmen A Carotene was more soluble than chlorophyll b B Chlorophyll b was a larger molecule than carotene C Chlorophyll b traveled farther up the paper D. All of the above 7 If you wanted to retard the growth of a plant, then which color(s)of light would you most likely A GI B. Purple C Green and purple 8 What color of light does the chlorophyll in plant extract fluoresce? A Black B Green C. Red D. Blue 9 Where are the enzymes located that are needed to carry out the light-independent reactions? A. embedded in the thy lake B. adjacent to the photosystems D. within the grana of the chloroplast 10 During the process of photosynthesis, light energy is captured directly by
A. fluorescence B. chemical energy C. electric energy D. light energy 2 During dark reaction of photosynthesis, __________ is exported from the chloroplast to the cytosol to synthesize sucrose. A. PGA B. G-6-P C. triose phosphate D. F-6-P 3 Photosynthesis is a chemical process that converts ____ energy to _____ energy. A. light, chemical B. chemical, light C. chemical, sugar D. sunlight, light 4 Which of the following is the proper summary equation for photosynthesis? A. C6H12O6 + CO2 in the presence of light and chlorophyll yields H2O + O2 B. H2O + CO2 in the presence of light and chlorophyll yields C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O C. H2O + CO2 yields C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O D. CO2 in the presence of light and chlorophyll yields C6H12O6 + O2 5 Plants typically store the sugar produced from photosynthesis in the form of ____. A. Protein B. Fatty acids C. Starch D. Cellulose 6 If the Rf value for the paper chromatography of carotene was 0.5 and the value for chlorophyll b was 0.7, then which of the following choices is true for these two pigments? A. Carotene was more soluble than chlorophyll b. B. Chlorophyll b was a larger molecule than carotene. C. Chlorophyll b traveled farther up the paper. D. All of the above 7 If you wanted to retard the growth of a plant, then which color(s) of light would you most likely use? A. Green only B. Purple and red C.Green and purple D. Yellow and green 8 What color of light does the chlorophyll in plant extract fluoresce? A. Black B. Green C. Red D. Blue 9 Where are the enzymes located that are needed to carry out the light-independent reactions? A. embedded in the thylakoids B. adjacent to the photosystems C. in the stroma of the chloroplast D. within the grana of the chloroplast 10 During the process of photosynthesis, light energy is captured directly by:
A Protons from nadph B. Electrons from chlorophyll C Phosphate from ATP D. Carbons from carbon dioxide molecule 11 The vast majority of chloroplasts found in a leaf are located where? A Spongy Mesophyll B Palisade Mesophyll C Epidermis D. Guard cells 12 Where do the light independent reactions of photosynthesis occur? A. Thylakoids B. Cytoplasm D. Matrix 13光合产物主要以什么形式运出叶绿体 A.丙酮酸 B.磷酸丙糖 C.蔗糖 D G6P 14胡萝卜素和叶黄素的最大吸收带在 A.橙黄光 B.绿光 C.红光 蓝紫光 15培养植物的暗室内,安装的安全灯最好是选用 A.红光灯 B.绿光灯 C.白炽灯 16光合作用中蔗糖的形成部位是 A.叶绿体间质 B.叶绿体类囊体 C.细胞质 D.叶绿体膜 17维持植物正常生长所需的最低日光强度 A.等于光补偿点 B.大于光补偿点 C.小于光补偿点 D.与日光强度无关 18类胡萝卜素是萜类化合物,属于 A.倍半萜B.三萜C.双萜D.四萜 19光合作用主要以什么形式运出叶绿体 A.蔗糖 B.淀粉 C.磷酸丙糖 20植物不能形成叶绿素,呈现缺绿病,可能是缺乏 A.氮 B.镁 21光合作用暗反应发生的部位是 A.叶绿体基粒 B.叶绿体间质C.叶绿体膜 22光呼吸调节与外界条件密切相关,氧对光呼吸 A.有抑制作用 B.有促进作用 C.无作用 四名词解释 I Pentose phosphate pathway(PPP) 2环式光合磷酸化 3荧光现象 4光补偿点( light compensation point)
A. Protons from NADPH B. Electrons from chlorophyll C. Phosphate from ATP D. Carbons from carbon dioxide molecules 11 The vast majority of chloroplasts found in a leaf are located where? A. Spongy Mesophyll B. Palisade Mesophyll C. Epidermis D. Guard Cells 12 Where do the light independent reactions of photosynthesis occur? A. Thylakoids B. Cytoplasm C. Stroma D. Matrix 13 光合产物主要以什么形式运出叶绿体 A. 丙酮酸 B. 磷酸丙糖 C. 蔗糖 D. G6P 14 胡萝卜素和叶黄素的最大吸收带在________ A. 橙黄光 B. 绿光 C. 红光 D. 蓝紫光 15 培养植物的暗室内，安装的安全灯最好是选用________ A. 红光灯 B. 绿光灯 C. 白炽灯 D. 黄色灯 16 光合作用中蔗糖的形成部位是________ A. 叶绿体间质 B. 叶绿体类囊体 C. 细胞质 D. 叶绿体膜 17 维持植物正常生长所需的最低日光强度________ A. 等于光补偿点 B. 大于光补偿点 C. 小于光补偿点 D. 与日光强度无关 18 类胡萝卜素是萜类化合物，属于________ A. 倍半萜 B. 三萜 C. 双萜 D. 四萜 19 光合作用主要以什么形式运出叶绿体 A. 蔗糖 B. 淀粉 C. 磷酸丙糖 20 植物不能形成叶绿素，呈现缺绿病，可能是缺乏________ A. 氮 B. 镁 C. 钠 21 光合作用暗反应发生的部位是________ A. 叶绿体基粒 B. 叶绿体间质 C. 叶绿体膜 22 光呼吸调节与外界条件密切相关，氧对光呼吸________ A. 有抑制作用 B. 有促进作用 C. 无作用 四 名词解释 1 Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) 2 环式光合磷酸化 3 荧光现象 4 光补偿点（light compensation point）
5光饱和现象 6光合作用中心 7吸收光谱 8光合色素 9暗反应 10光合产物 l1光呼吸( photorespiration) 五解释现象 1光合作用中的叶子突然停止光照会引起3一磷酸甘油酸含量上升。 2秋天叶子变红。 3作物合理密植会增产。 4肉质类植物适应热带干旱条件。 5离体叶绿素有明显的荧光现象,而活体植物叶子荧光现象非常弱 六问答题 I Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Be sure to note the enzymes/molecules used, the amount of ATP used/produced, and any specialized organelles 2 Based upon what you know about photosynthesis, which reactant is most limited in plants that live in deserts? How do you think plants may overcome this limitation? 3 Based upon what you know about osmosis and diffusion, why do you think plants convert glucose into starch for the energy-storing molecule? 4 The overall equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2+12H20-->C6H12O6+6O2+6H2O If either of the reactants is limiting, photosynthesis grinds to a stop a. Explain how CO2 is transported from the atmosphere to the site of photosynthesis, including how this transport is regulated b. What is the first thing that happens to Co2 when it reaches the site of photosynthesis? c. Explain how H20 is transported from the soil to the site of photosynthesis d. Which mechanism is responsible for the majority of water transport? e. What is the purpose of the water in photosynthesis? 5 Where do Ca and C3 pathways undergo in C4 plant, respectively? What is relat the both pathways? 6 How does greenhouse effect impact plants with different photosynthetic pathways? 7 Why Ca plants are more effective in photosynthesis than C3 plants? 8植物在长期黑暗中能不能进行暗反应?为什么? 9比较C3植物与C4植物的异同。 10叙述光合作用中光反应和暗反应的关系 11光合磷酸化与氧化磷酸化的过程如何?它们之间有什么区别和相似之处? 12为什么说光合作用与硝酸还原的关系是间接的? 13光呼吸有什么生理意义?如何控制光呼吸? 14在生产实践中如何利用光补偿点提高光合产量?
5 光饱和现象 6 光合作用中心 7 吸收光谱 8 光合色素 9 暗反应 10 光合产物 11 光呼吸（photorespiration） 五 解释现象 1 光合作用中的叶子突然停止光照会引起 3—磷酸甘油酸含量上升。 2 秋天叶子变红。 3 作物合理密植会增产。 4 肉质类植物适应热带干旱条件。 5 离体叶绿素有明显的荧光现象，而活体植物叶子荧光现象非常弱。 六 问答题 1 Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Be sure to note the enzymes/molecules used, the amount of ATP used/produced, and any specialized organelles involved. 2 Based upon what you know about photosynthesis, which reactant is most limited in plants that live in deserts? How do you think plants may overcome this limitation? 3 Based upon what you know about osmosis and diffusion, why do you think plants convert glucose into starch for the energy-storing molecule? 4 The overall equation for photosynthesis is: 6 CO2 + 12 H2O -----> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O If either of the reactants is limiting, photosynthesis grinds to a stop. a. Explain how CO2 is transported from the atmosphere to the site of photosynthesis, including how this transport is regulated. b. What is the first thing that happens to CO2 when it reaches the site of photosynthesis? c. Explain how H2O is transported from the soil to the site of photosynthesis. d. Which mechanism is responsible for the majority of water transport? e. What is the purpose of the water in photosynthesis? 5 Where do C4 and C3 pathways undergo in C4 plant, respectively? What is relationship between the both pathways? 6 How does greenhouse effect impact plants with different photosynthetic pathways? 7 Why C4 plants are more effective in photosynthesis than C3 plants? 8 植物在长期黑暗中能不能进行暗反应？为什么？ 9 比较 C3 植物与 C4 植物的异同。 10 叙述光合作用中光反应和暗反应的关系。 11 光合磷酸化与氧化磷酸化的过程如何？它们之间有什么区别和相似之处？ 12 为什么说光合作用与硝酸还原的关系是间接的？ 13 光呼吸有什么生理意义？如何控制光呼吸？ 14 在生产实践中如何利用光补偿点提高光合产量？
15氧抑制光合作用的原因是什么? 16生产上为什么要注意合理密植? 光合作用的全过程大致分为哪三大步骤? 七其他 1写出下列符号的中文名称 (1) Fd (2)Pc (3)PQ (4) SDP (5) RuBp (6) PEP (7) Fe-s(8)OAA (8) PGA (9) PCA(10) PEPcase
15 氧抑制光合作用的原因是什么？ 16 生产上为什么要注意合理密植？ 17 光合作用的全过程大致分为哪三大步骤？ 七 其他 1 写出下列符号的中文名称 （1）Fd （2）PC （3）PQ （4）SDP （5）RuBp （6）PEP （7）Fe-S （8）OAA （8）PGA （9）PCA （10）PEPcase