英美短篇小说 张静佳 Lavender1030120l74 Hills Like white elephants By Earnest Hemingway Hills Like White Elephants is a short story by Ernest Hemingway, first published in the 1927 ollection men without Women(《没有女人的男人》) Ihite Elephant n. fig a burdensome or costly possession, considered to be without use or value.( from OED) 典故:白象是古印度最高贵的动物,被当作神物供奉,然而因其食量巨大,普通人家无力供养,因此“白 象”表示代价昂贵却无用的东西,甚至是带来麻烦的礼物。文中具有双关的意味,既是女主人公对群山形 似白象的比喻,也暗示了女主人公腹中的胎儿 The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white On this side there was no shade and no trees and the station was between two lines of rails in the sun Close against the side of the station there was the warm shadow of the building and a curtain, made of strings of bamboo beads, hung across the open door into the bar, to keep out flies. The American and the girl with him sat at a table in the shade, outside the building. It was very hot and the express from arcelona would come in forty minutes. It stopped at this junction for two minutes and went on to Madrid 提到山在阳光下是白色的,直接地呼应题目,同时为接下去的对话做铺垫 Ithe Ebrol river in northern Spain埃布罗河 express n a train running at a high rate of speed, and stopping only at a few important stations I Barcelona city in northeastern Spain, on the mediterranean sea(巴塞罗那) junction n. the place or station on a rail way where lines meet and unite. I Madridl capital city of Spain.(马德里) What should we drink? "the girl asked. She had taken off her hat and put it on the table It's pretty hot, "the man said. "Lets drink beer. Big ones? a woman asked from the doorway The woman brought two glasses of beer and two felt pads. She put the felt pads and the beer glasses on the table and looked at the man and the girl. The girl was looking off at the line of hills They were white in the sun and the country was brown and dry felt padl pad made of felt.(毛毡杯垫) They look like white elephants, "she said (第一次出现“白象”的比喻,承接上一段的景色描写。 I 've never seen one. "the man drank his beer No, you wouldn't have."(两人的对话中有相对的争执感) I might have, " the man said just because you say I wouldn't have doesn,'t prove anything The girl looked at the bead curtain. "They've painted something on it, "she said. "What does it say? " Anis del toro. It's a drink"( Spanish, a drink with aniseed.茴香酒)
英美短篇小说 张静佳 Lavender 10300120174 1 Hills Like White Elephants By Earnest Hemingway Hills Like White Elephants is a short story by Ernest Hemingway, first published in the 1927 collection Men Without Women(《没有女人的男人》). [White Elephant] n. fig. a burdensome or costly possession, considered to be without use or value. (from OED). 典故：白象是古印度最高贵的动物，被当作神物供奉，然而因其食量巨大，普通人家无力供养，因此“白 象”表示代价昂贵却无用的东西，甚至是带来麻烦的礼物。文中具有双关的意味，既是女主人公对群山形 似白象的比喻，也暗示了女主人公腹中的胎儿。 The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white. On this side there was no shade and no trees and the station was between two lines of rails in the sun. Close against the side of the station there was the warm shadow of the building and a curtain, made of strings of bamboo beads, hung across the open door into the bar, to keep out flies. The American and the girl with him sat at a table in the shade, outside the building. It was very hot and the express from Barcelona would come in forty minutes. It stopped at this junction for two minutes and went on to Madrid. 提到山在阳光下是白色的，直接地呼应题目，同时为接下去的对话做铺垫。 [the Ebro] river in northern Spain,埃布罗河 [express] n. a train running at a high rate of speed, and stopping only at a few important stations. [Barcelona] city in northeastern Spain, on the Mediterranean Sea.(巴塞罗那) [junction] n. the place or station on a railway where lines meet and unite. [Madrid] capital city of Spain.（马德里） "What should we drink?" the girl asked. She had taken off her hat and put it on the table. "It's pretty hot," the man said. "Let's drink beer." "Dos cervezas," the man said into the curtain. (Spanish, “two beers.”) "Big ones?" a woman asked from the doorway. "Yes. Two big ones." The woman brought two glasses of beer and two felt pads. She put the felt pads and the beer glasses on the table and looked at the man and the girl. The girl was looking off at the line of hills. They were white in the sun and the country was brown and dry. [felt pad] pad made of felt. (毛毡杯垫) "They look like white elephants," she said. (第一次出现“白象”的比喻，承接上一段的景色描写。) "I've never seen one," the man drank his beer. "No, you wouldn't have."（两人的对话中有相对的争执感） "I might have," the man said. 'just because you say I wouldn't have doesn't prove anything." The girl looked at the bead curtain. "They've painted something on it," she said." What does it say?" "Anis del Toro. It's a drink."(Spanish, a drink with aniseed. 茴香酒)
英美短篇小说 张静佳 Lavender1030120l74 Could we try it? The man called"Listen"through the curtain The woman came out from the bar. " Four reales."( Spanish coins.雷阿尔) We want two anis del tor Do you want it with water? " I dont know," the girl said." Is it good with water?"(显得心不在焉) "It's all right You want them with water " asked the woman Yes. with water It tastes like licorice, "the girl said and put the glass down " That's the way with everything"(将酒的甜苦交错的味道类比到万事万物中) Yes, "said the girl. " Everything tastes of licorice. Especially all the things you've waited so long for, like absinthe. licorice)=liquorice. Substance produced form the root of a plant, used in medicine and sweets. (H4) labsinthel bitter green alcoholic liqueur originally distilled from wine mixed with worm wood. (Xi) 女主人公却将“期盼许久的事物”与艾酒相提并论,表现了姑娘的低落心情,也许是期待已久的怀孕 却最终落得两人不愉快争吵的下场,也许是其他的事情引发了这样的心境。 Oh. cut it out You started it, "the girl said. "I was being amused I was having a fine time "Well, let' s try and have a fine time "All right. I was trying I said the mountains looked like hite elephants Wasn't that bright?"(第二次谈到 white elephants,这里姑娘明确说对于群山的白象比喻,但实则并不愿意放开话题。) That was bright I wanted to try this new drink. That's all we do, isn't it--look at things and try new drinks "I The girl looked across at the hills "They re lovely hills, "she said. "They don't really look like white elephants Ijust meant the coloring of their skin through the trees (第三次提到 white elephants,姑娘自己否定了这一比喻的相像性,而只强调了群山透过树木时的颜色 是白色的。这也说明她的比喻其实是有意提出,用以暗示自己腹中胎儿的意思。) " Should we have another drink?"(有意扯开话题) All right The warm wind blew the bead curtain against the table The beer's nice and cool. "the man said " It's lovely" the girl said.(ⅱ指代不明,是否只是在说啤酒不错,还是另有暗喻?) "It's really an awfully simple operation, Jig "the man said. "It's not really an operation at all"(此处看似话锋急转唐突,但其实前面用来隐射这一话题的“白象似的群山”的对话,到此时才真正 直截了当地切入正题。) The girl looked at the ground the table legs rested or I know you wouldnt mind it, Jig It's really not anything. It's just to let the air in The girl did not say anything
英美短篇小说 张静佳 Lavender 10300120174 2 "Could we try it?" The man called "Listen" through the curtain. The woman came out from the bar. "Four reales."(Spanish coins. 雷阿尔) "We want two Anis del Toro." "With water? " "Do you want it with water?" "I don't know," the girl said. "Is it good with water?"（显得心不在焉） "It's all right." "You want them with water?" asked the woman. "Yes, with water." "It tastes like licorice," the girl said and put the glass down. "That's the way with everything."（将酒的甜苦交错的味道类比到万事万物中） "Yes," said the girl. "Everything tastes of licorice. Especially all the things you've waited so long for, like absinthe." [licorice] = liquorice. Substance produced form the root of a plant, used in medicine and sweets.(甘草) [absinthe] bitter green alcoholic liqueur originally distilled from wine mixed with wormwood.（艾酒） 女主人公却将“期盼许久的事物”与艾酒相提并论，表现了姑娘的低落心情，也许是期待已久的怀孕 却最终落得两人不愉快争吵的下场，也许是其他的事情引发了这样的心境。 "Oh, cut it out." "You started it," the girl said. "I was being amused. I was having a fine time." "Well, let's try and have a fine time." "All right. I was trying. I said the mountains looked like white elephants. Wasn't that bright?"（第二次谈到 white elephants，这里姑娘明确说对于群山的白象比喻，但实则并不愿意放开话题。） "That was bright." "I wanted to try this new drink. That's all we do, isn't it--look at things and try new drinks?" "I guess so." The girl looked across at the hills. "They're lovely hills," she said. "They don't really look like white elephants. I just meant the coloring of their skin through the trees." （第三次提到 white elephants，姑娘自己否定了这一比喻的相像性，而只强调了群山透过树木时的颜色 是白色的。这也说明她的比喻其实是有意提出，用以暗示自己腹中胎儿的意思。） "Should we have another drink?"（有意扯开话题） "All right." The warm wind blew the bead curtain against the table. "The beer's nice and cool," the man said. "It's lovely," the girl said.（it 指代不明，是否只是在说啤酒不错，还是另有暗喻？） "It's really an awfully simple operation, Jig," the man said. "It's not really an operation at all."（此处看似话锋急转唐突，但其实前面用来隐射这一话题的“白象似的群山”的对话，到此时才真正 直截了当地切入正题。） The girl looked at the ground the table legs rested on. "I know you wouldn't mind it, Jig. It's really not anything. It's just to let the air in." The girl did not say anything
英美短篇小说 张静佳 Lavender1030120l74 I'll go with you and I'll stay with you all the time. They just let the air in and then it's all perfectly natural Then what will we do afterward?" Well be fine afterward. Just like we were before That's the only thing that bothers us. It's the only thing that's made us unhappy. The girl looked at the bead curtain (E ), put her hand out and took hold of two of the things of beads And you think then we 'll be all right and be happy I know we will. You don' t have to be afraid. Ive known lots of people that have done it So have l," said the gir." And afterward they were all so happy"(即使姑娘以“ they were all so hapy”来描述,但这样略显违心的描述却愈加显示出了自己的心酸与不甘愿。) "Well, " the man said, "if you don't want to you dont have to. I wouldn't have you do it if you didn' t want to. But I know it's perfectly simple."(尽管男主人公看似儆出了让步,但转而一句“but” 还是表明了要其堕胎的态度。) And you really want to? I think it's the best thing to do. But I don't want you to do it if you don' t really want to And if I do it you'll be happy and things will be like they were and you'll love me? I love you now. You know I love you "I know. But if I do it, then it will be nice again if I say things are like hite elephants and you'll like it?γ"(第四次出现“ white elephant”,是姑娘以期许疑问的口吻对男人提出的责问,显露出 不信任与不愉快的情绪,甚至有一丝嘲讽的意味。) I'Il love it. I love it now but I just can't think about it. You know how I get when I worry f I do it you won't ever worry? I won't worry about that because it's perfectly simple "Then I'll do it. because i don t care about me What do you mean? " I don t care about me."(姑娘以“I”的口吻说了这句话,然而实质上却是在指责男人毫不在乎她) Oh, yes. But I don't care about me. And I'll do it and then everything will be fine I dont want you to do it if you feel that way The girl stood up and walked to the end of the station. Across, on the other side, were fields of grain and trees along the banks of the Ebro. Far away, beyond the river, were mountains. The shadow of a cloud moved across the field of grain and she saw the river through the tree 姑娘的心上也被乌云的影子所笼罩。 And we could have all this, she said. "And we could have everything and every day we make it more impossible What did you say? I said we could have everything We can have everything "No. we cant. We can have the whole world No. we can't " We can go everywhere s
英美短篇小说 张静佳 Lavender 10300120174 3 "I'll go with you and I'll stay with you all the time. They just let the air in and then it's all perfectly natural." "Then what will we do afterward?" "We'll be fine afterward. Just like we were before." "What makes you think so?" "That's the only thing that bothers us. It's the only thing that's made us unhappy." The girl looked at the bead curtain（珠帘）, put her hand out and took hold of two of the strings of beads. "And you think then we'll be all right and be happy." "I know we will. You don't have to be afraid. I've known lots of people that have done it." "So have I," said the girl. "And afterward they were all so happy."（即使姑娘以“they were all so happy”来描述，但这样略显违心的描述却愈加显示出了自己的心酸与不甘愿。） "Well," the man said, "if you don't want to you don't have to. I wouldn't have you do it if you didn't want to. But I know it's perfectly simple."（尽管男主人公看似做出了让步，但转而一句“but” 还是表明了要其堕胎的态度。） "And you really want to?" "I think it's the best thing to do. But I don't want you to do it if you don't really want to." "And if I do it you'll be happy and things will be like they were and you'll love me?" "I love you now. You know I love you." "I know. But if I do it, then it will be nice again if I say things are like white elephants, and you'll like it?"（第四次出现“white elephant”，是姑娘以期许疑问的口吻对男人提出的责问，显露出 不信任与不愉快的情绪，甚至有一丝嘲讽的意味。） "I'll love it. I love it now but I just can't think about it. You know how I get when I worry." "If I do it you won't ever worry?" "I won't worry about that because it's perfectly simple." "Then I'll do it. Because I don't care about me." "What do you mean?" "I don't care about me."（姑娘以“I”的口吻说了这句话，然而实质上却是在指责男人毫不在乎她） "Well, I care about you." "Oh, yes. But I don't care about me. And I'll do it and then everything will be fine." "I don't want you to do it if you feel that way." The girl stood up and walked to the end of the station. Across, on the other side, were fields of grain and trees along the banks of the Ebro. Far away, beyond the river, were mountains. The shadow of a cloud moved across the field of grain and she saw the river through the trees. 姑娘的心上也被乌云的影子所笼罩。 "And we could have all this," she said. "And we could have everything and every day we make it more impossible." "What did you say?" "I said we could have everything." "We can have everything." "No, we can't." "We can have the whole world." "No, we can't." "We can go everywhere
英美短篇小说 张静佳 Lavender1030120l74 No, we can,'t. It isn ' t ours any more No, it isn 't. And once they take it away, you never get it back But they haven't taken it away Well wait and see (两人的对话争锋相对,而其中的i,我觉得涵盖有双重的意味,既美好的世界,也是腹中的胎儿。) Come on back in the shade, "he said. " You mustn't feel that way. I don't feel any way, the girl said. " I just know things (fel和know的更换,有着细微的差别,从感性到理性的转变,表明了姑娘对于两人关系的绝望, 以及对于他们未来命运的洞悉。 I don't want you to do anything that you don 't want to do Nor that isn,'t good for me, "she said. " I know. Could we have another beer? All right. But you've got to realize I realize, "the girl said. Can't we maybe stop talking? They sat down at the table and the girl looked across at the hills on the dry side of the valley and the man looked at her and at the table You've got to realize, "he said, " that I don' t want you to do it if you dont want to. I'm perfectly willing to go through with it if it means anything to you."(听来似乎感觉这与他毫不相干, 而只是姑娘一个人的事情。以冷漠的态度表达了自己对于胎儿漠不关心的态度,仍旧暗示着“你要去堕胎” 的意味。) Doesn't it mean anything to you? We could get along Of course it does. But I don't want anybody but you. I don't want any one else. And I know it's perfectly simple."(借爱的名义表明自己在胎儿问题上的决绝。) Yes, you know it's perfectly simple It's all right for you to say that, but I do know it Would you do something for me now?" I'd do anything for you Would you pleaseplease please please please please please Stop talking (以反复与强调的口吻,表明了姑娘已经处于崩溃的边界) He did not say anything but looked at the bags against the wall of the station. There were abels on them from all the hotels where they had spent nights 他们一路奔波,抵达了一个个目的地,又旋儿离开,暗示着他们的问题还有很长的时间才能解决,又 或许,是会一直延续下去 "But I don, t want you to "he said "I don, t care anything about it "Ill scream, "the girl said The woman came out through the curtains with two glasses of beer and put them down on the damp felt pads "The train comes in five minutes. "she said What did she That the train is coming in five minutes The girl smiled brightly at the woman, to thank her d better take the bags over to the other side of the station "the man said. She smiled at All right Then come back and we' ll finish the beer
英美短篇小说 张静佳 Lavender 10300120174 4 "No, we can't. It isn't ours any more." "It's ours." "No, it isn't. And once they take it away, you never get it back." "But they haven't taken it away." "We'll wait and see." （两人的对话争锋相对，而其中的 it，我觉得涵盖有双重的意味，既美好的世界，也是腹中的胎儿。） "Come on back in the shade," he said. "You mustn't feel that way." "I don't feel any way," the girl said. "I just know things." （feel 和 know 的更换，有着细微的差别，从感性到理性的转变，表明了姑娘对于两人关系的绝望， 以及对于他们未来命运的洞悉。） "I don't want you to do anything that you don't want to do " "Nor that isn't good for me," she said. "I know. Could we have another beer?" "All right. But you've got to realize " "I realize," the girl said. "Can't we maybe stop talking?" They sat down at the table and the girl looked across at the hills on the dry side of the valley and the man looked at her and at the table. "You've got to realize," he said, "that I don't want you to do it if you don't want to. I'm perfectly willing to go through with it if it means anything to you."（听来似乎感觉这与他毫不相干， 而只是姑娘一个人的事情。以冷漠的态度表达了自己对于胎儿漠不关心的态度，仍旧暗示着“你要去堕胎” 的意味。） "Doesn't it mean anything to you? We could get along." "Of course it does. But I don't want anybody but you. I don't want any one else. And I know it's perfectly simple."（借爱的名义表明自己在胎儿问题上的决绝。） "Yes, you know it's perfectly simple." "It's all right for you to say that, but I do know it." "Would you do something for me now?' "I'd do anything for you.' "Would you please please please please please please please Stop talking." （以反复与强调的口吻，表明了姑娘已经处于崩溃的边界） He did not say anything but looked at the bags against the wall of the station. There were labels on them from all the hotels where they had spent nights. 他们一路奔波，抵达了一个个目的地，又旋儿离开，暗示着他们的问题还有很长的时间才能解决，又 或许，是会一直延续下去。 "But I don't want you to," he said, "I don't care anything about it." "I'll scream," the girl said. The woman came out through the curtains with two glasses of beer and put them down on the damp felt pads. "The train comes in five minutes," she said. "What did she say?" asked the girl. "That the train is coming in five minutes." The girl smiled brightly at the woman, to thank her. "I'd better take the bags over to the other side of the station," the man said. She smiled at him. "All right. Then come back and we'll finish the beer
英美短篇小说 张静佳 Lavender1030120l74 He picked up the two heavy bags and carried them around the station to the other tracks He looked up the tracks but could not see the train. Coming back, he walked through the barroom, where people waiting for the train were drinking. He drank an Anis at the bar and looked at the people. They were all waiting reasonably for the train. He went out through the bead curtain. She was sitting at the table and smiled at him 别人都在宁安勿躁地等待着火车的到来,只有他一人是急躁不安的心情。而他一方面是在焦躁地等火 车,另一方也是在不安而迫切地希望得到Jg同意堕胎的回答。 I barroom) n a room or building where alcoholic drinks are served over a counter Do you feel better? "he asked I feel fine " she said. "There s nothing wrong with me. I feel fine 这极为简洁而令人怅然无绪的结尾,对话和故事都仿佛莫名地戛然而止,然而末了的两句“ I feel fir 种反复强调似乎是对于内心情绪的刻意压制,以轻巧的口吻来掩盖极其深刻的痛苦, 这结尾看似唐突却又极为巧妙,小说到此结束,然而读者知道,这两个人的矛盾还远没有理清头绪, 即便是乘着火车去往了下一个目的地,也不代表问题得到了最终的解决。这其间有更多的问题有待解决, 有更多类似“白象似的群山”一样的对话有待展开,有更多的人生这里有待感悟。而这也正是海明威对于 精简语言的把握,以“冰山一角”的呈现模式引发无限的思索 水面以上,零度以下 Hills Like White Elephants Appreciation 张静佳10300120174 泰坦尼克号撞上冰山,破碎了海上奢华的梦,冷却了浪漫爱情的火:白象似的群山远远 相待,观望着暗里汹涌的潮水,探听着尘埃难落的未来。只是导演给了我们至少“八分之七 的情感,而海明威只拣了他眼中“八分之一”的直白。然而,这正是海明威文字的独特力量 所在,明知水下壮阔,却能不动声色,静待读者自解。 但凡涉猎过海明威的作品,大抵都会知晓他创作的这一“冰山原则”,浮于水上的通常 单一的文字和形象,而更为深刻的情感与思想则并未显现在字里行间,但实则又寓于其间。 在《白象似的群山》中,整篇行文以省去情感色彩的白描式对话为主,兼有部分犹如电影镜 头切换般的景色描写,而其作用也与镜头画面相当。看似只是随着人物目光所及,顺而写景 点到为止:但实则又是用意颇深,这些细节或景物描写中满是对于内里“八分之七”的故事 的暗示。当文中的美国男人注意到他们行李上的酒店标签时(he] looked at the bags against the wall of the station. There were labels on them from all the hotels where they had spent nights),这只言片语实则诉说着他们一路的奔波,不断地抵达与离开,而他们的问题与矛 盾也如来去的行踪一样尚未达到圆满的妥协。海明威行为的极度简略,不是换了谁都能做到 的克制。而这“留白”里的八分之七的“冰山”,交由了读者,也就意味着不一定能够被准 确而完整地看透;而这八分之七的想象,交由了读者,却也意味着每个人都能凭着自我触及 到一个独特的故事。在这一点上,我觉得海明威“冰山原则”下的写作更好地诠释了“作者 已死1”的理念 这种在内容选择性表述上所遵循的“冰山原则”,与表达形式上的“零度写作”相对应。 “零度写作”强调客观中性的角度,避免主观意向的介入,“是一种直陈式写作,或者说, 1罗兰·巴特,法,《作者之死( The Death of Author)》,1968.“读者的诞生必须以作者的死亡为代价
英美短篇小说 张静佳 Lavender 10300120174 5 He picked up the two heavy bags and carried them around the station to the other tracks. He looked up the tracks but could not see the train. Coming back, he walked through the barroom, where people waiting for the train were drinking. He drank an Anis at the bar and looked at the people. They were all waiting reasonably for the train. He went out through the bead curtain. She was sitting at the table and smiled at him. 别人都在宁安勿躁地等待着火车的到来，只有他一人是急躁不安的心情。而他一方面是在焦躁地等火 车，另一方也是在不安而迫切地希望得到 Jig 同意堕胎的回答。 [barroom] n. a room or building where alcoholic drinks are served over a counter. "Do you feel better?" he asked. "I feel fine," she said. "There's nothing wrong with me. I feel fine." 这极为简洁而令人怅然无绪的结尾，对话和故事都仿佛莫名地戛然而止，然而末了的两句“I feel fine”， 这种反复强调似乎是对于内心情绪的刻意压制，以轻巧的口吻来掩盖极其深刻的痛苦。 这结尾看似唐突却又极为巧妙，小说到此结束，然而读者知道，这两个人的矛盾还远没有理清头绪， 即便是乘着火车去往了下一个目的地，也不代表问题得到了最终的解决。这其间有更多的问题有待解决， 有更多类似“白象似的群山”一样的对话有待展开，有更多的人生这里有待感悟。而这也正是海明威对于 精简语言的把握，以“冰山一角”的呈现模式引发无限的思索。 水面以上，零度以下 Hills Like White Elephants Appreciation 张静佳 10300120174 泰坦尼克号撞上冰山，破碎了海上奢华的梦，冷却了浪漫爱情的火；白象似的群山远远 相待，观望着暗里汹涌的潮水，探听着尘埃难落的未来。只是导演给了我们至少“八分之七” 的情感，而海明威只拣了他眼中“八分之一”的直白。然而，这正是海明威文字的独特力量 所在，明知水下壮阔，却能不动声色，静待读者自解。 但凡涉猎过海明威的作品，大抵都会知晓他创作的这一“冰山原则”，浮于水上的通常 单一的文字和形象，而更为深刻的情感与思想则并未显现在字里行间，但实则又寓于其间。 在《白象似的群山》中，整篇行文以省去情感色彩的白描式对话为主，兼有部分犹如电影镜 头切换般的景色描写，而其作用也与镜头画面相当。看似只是随着人物目光所及，顺而写景 点到为止；但实则又是用意颇深，这些细节或景物描写中满是对于内里“八分之七”的故事 的暗示。当文中的美国男人注意到他们行李上的酒店标签时（[he] looked at the bags against the wall of the station. There were labels on them from all the hotels where they had spent nights），这只言片语实则诉说着他们一路的奔波，不断地抵达与离开，而他们的问题与矛 盾也如来去的行踪一样尚未达到圆满的妥协。海明威行为的极度简略，不是换了谁都能做到 的克制。而这“留白”里的八分之七的“冰山”，交由了读者，也就意味着不一定能够被准 确而完整地看透；而这八分之七的想象，交由了读者，却也意味着每个人都能凭着自我触及 到一个独特的故事。在这一点上，我觉得海明威“冰山原则”下的写作更好地诠释了“作者 已死1”的理念。 这种在内容选择性表述上所遵循的“冰山原则”，与表达形式上的“零度写作”相对应。 “零度写作”强调客观中性的角度，避免主观意向的介入，“是一种直陈式写作，或者说， 1 罗兰·巴特，法，《作者之死（The Death of Author）》，1968. “读者的诞生必须以作者的死亡为代价
英美短篇小说 张静佳 Lavender1030120l74 非语式的写作。这是一种毫不动心的写作,或者说是一种纯洁的写作。”2在《白象》一文中, 情节随主人公之间的对话的原始形态展开,作者似乎是扮演着旁观者记录者的角色,不加繁 复雕饰与多余渲染,保持着语言的质朴状态,内里的歧义模糊处任其模糊。比如下面一段对 We can have everything We can have the whole world "No. we cant No, we can't. It isn't ours any more 这段对话保持着零度界点,没有冗长语句或是任何心理描写,对于反复提及的“”也并 没有加以解释而是单纯地呈现。这种渊源于海明威早年新闻写作习惯的陈述方式被不断运用 于他的小说创作中,有意识地回避感情色彩,以极为简练的文字和极为有限的信息做到故事 情节的“零度介入”,仿佛只是摄影镜头扫过而记录的画面一般。然而,愈是这样的平直叙 述,却愈能够给予读者以足够的自我阅读与想象的空间,也依旧能将这一段面对着堕胎与否 的情侣之间的摇摆曲折的爱展现在读者面前。 海明威保持着只呈现八分之一的“冰山原则”,运用着“零度写作”的方式,在他简练 的作品背后留给我们无限的自我空间 2罗兰·巴特,法,《写作的零度( Writing degree zero)》,1953 6
英美短篇小说 张静佳 Lavender 10300120174 6 非语式的写作。这是一种毫不动心的写作，或者说是一种纯洁的写作。”2在《白象》一文中， 情节随主人公之间的对话的原始形态展开，作者似乎是扮演着旁观者记录者的角色，不加繁 复雕饰与多余渲染，保持着语言的质朴状态，内里的歧义模糊处任其模糊。比如下面一段对 话： "We can have everything." "No, we can't." "We can have the whole world." "No, we can't." "We can go everywhere." "No, we can't. It isn't ours any more." 这段对话保持着零度界点，没有冗长语句或是任何心理描写，对于反复提及的“it”也并 没有加以解释而是单纯地呈现。这种渊源于海明威早年新闻写作习惯的陈述方式被不断运用 于他的小说创作中，有意识地回避感情色彩，以极为简练的文字和极为有限的信息做到故事 情节的“零度介入”，仿佛只是摄影镜头扫过而记录的画面一般。然而，愈是这样的平直叙 述，却愈能够给予读者以足够的自我阅读与想象的空间，也依旧能将这一段面对着堕胎与否 的情侣之间的摇摆曲折的爱展现在读者面前。 海明威保持着只呈现八分之一的“冰山原则”，运用着“零度写作”的方式，在他简练 的作品背后留给我们无限的自我空间。 2 罗兰·巴特，法，《写作的零度（Writing Degree Zero）》，1953