Unit 3 Section A I Background Knowledge Social Welfare Public assistance programs, commonly called"welfare", provide cash or in-kind benefits for particular categories of the financially needy. The U.S. welfare system operates on both the federal nd state levels. The federal welfare program is known as Social Security that provides benefits or assistance for childcare, disability, food and medical assistance(also known as medicaid). The state welfare programs, on the other hand, provide assistance to both individuals and local communities with state schooling and social insurance U.S. welfare programs grew significantly in the decades following World War Il, but increases in welfare costs during the 1960s and 1970s brought into question the extent and quality of public assistance. In the early 1980s the Reagan Administration reduced welfare expenditure and suggested turning responsibility for welfare funding over to the states. The cuts in federal funding that took effect during the Reagan Administration did in fact effectively place the responsibility for maintaining funding levels on the states-and, in some cases, on the larger The result has been a widening of the already existing disparities in social services spending between states, and between cities and regions within a state. An example of the state welfare systemcanbeseenathttp://www.state.tn.usundertheHealthandSocialpRogramssection ocial welfare is an integrated part of a countrys social policy II. Text Analysis what's the text mainly about? The passage explores the problems of the present welfare system first and then expresses the desire to have a new system. According to the author, a disabled person with spinal cord injuries he is forced to account for every penny while enduring lectures by the caseworkers. It is hard to have his wheelchair repaired and even harder to make a gradual shift away from welfare. That is why he longs for a new system under which the disabled like him can earn part or all of their own How is the text organized? The passage is composed of three parts: how people behave under the present welfare system, what are the problems with it, and what solutions should be applied to the problems. The organization of the whole passage goes after the problem-solution pattern, spiced throughout with examples taken from the authors own experiences Current Problems Solutions situation with the to the describing system problems
Unit 3 Section A I. Background Knowledge Social Welfare Public assistance programs, commonly called “welfare”, provide cash or in-kind benefits for particular categories of the financially needy. The U.S. welfare system operates on both the federal and state levels. The federal welfare program is known as Social Security that provides benefits or assistance for childcare, disability, food and medical assistance (also known as medicaid). The state welfare programs, on the other hand, provide assistance to both individuals and local communities with state schooling and social insurance. U.S. welfare programs grew significantly in the decades following World War II, but increases in welfare costs during the 1960s and 1970s brought into question the extent and quality of public assistance. In the early 1980s the Reagan Administration reduced welfare expenditure and suggested turning responsibility for welfare funding over to the states. The cuts in federal funding that took effect during the Reagan Administration did in fact effectively place the responsibility for maintaining funding levels on the states — and, in some cases, on the larger cities.The result has been a widening of the already existing disparities in social services spending between states, and between cities and regions within a state. An example of the state welfare system can be seen at http://www.state.tn.us under the Health and Social Programs section. Social welfare is an integrated part of a country’s social policy II. Text Analysis What’s the text mainly about? The passage explores the problems of the present welfare system first and then expresses the desire to have a new system. According to the author, a disabled person with spinal cord injuries, he is forced to account for every penny while enduring lectures by the caseworkers. It is hard to have his wheelchair repaired and even harder to make a gradual shift away from welfare. That is why he longs for a new system under which the disabled like him can earn part or all of their own livings. How is the text organized? The passage is composed of three parts: how people behave under the present welfare system, what are the problems with it, and what solutions should be applied to the problems. The organization of the whole passage goes after the problem-solution pattern, spiced throughout with examples taken from the author’s own experiences. Current situation describing Problems with the system Solutions to the problems
On the other Problem 4 Solution 3 welfare The law does not a new system is case-workers encourage clients needed to like detectives to make a gradual encourage clients expect every shift away from to develop their client to beg welfare talents without Why?(Para.3) Evidence? guilt. (Para. 17) ( Para. 14) Part I(para. 1--4): General situation of welfare clients and welfare case workers under the present system Part II(para.5--14): problems with the present welfare system Part Ill(para. 15--17): suggestions to improve the present welfare system III. Language Points l. to long for..渴望/盼望 Bitterly afflicted with many years of civil war, the whole nation longs for peace 由于备受多年内战的煎熬,全民族都渴望和平 2. to be faced with..面临着 When faced with various choices of career, you'd better choose one in which to exercise to full your specialty or talent 面临各种职业选择时,你最好选择一个可以充分施展专长或才能的职业。 3. to bleed..for.向……榨取∴ The profiteers who bleed consumers for money by hook or by crook are bound to come to grief in ume 不择手段榨取消费者钱财的奸商终将受到惩罚 4 to drum up竭力争取;大力招揽 During the season of Christmas each year, traders use their own unique tricks to drum up their business每年圣诞节期间,商家们各显神通来招揽生意
Part I (para.1--4): General situation of welfare clients and welfare case workers under the present system. Part II (para.5--14): problems with the present welfare system. Part III (para.15--17): suggestions to improve the present welfare system. III. Language Points 1. to long for … 渴望 / 盼望······ Bitterly afflicted with many years of civil war, the whole nation longs for peace. 由于备受多年内战的煎熬，全民族都渴望和平。 2. to be faced with … 面临着······ When faced with various choices of career, you’d better choose one in which to exercise to full your specialty or talent. 面临各种职业选择时，你最好选择一个可以充分施展专长或才能的职业。 3. to bleed … for … 向······榨取······· The profiteers who bleed consumers for money by hook or by crook are bound to come to grief in time. 不择手段榨取消费者钱财的奸商终将受到惩罚。 4. to drum up 竭力争取；大力招揽 During the season of Christmas each year, traders use their own unique tricks to drum up their business. 每年圣诞节期间，商家们各显神通来招揽生意。 On the other, welfare case-workers, like detectives, expect every client to beg. Why? (Para.3) Problem 4: The law does not encourage clients to make a gradual shift away from welfare. Evidence? (Para.14)(Para.14) Solution 3: A new system is needed to encourage clients to develop their talents without guilt. (Para.17)
5. under the table私下,背地里 The focus of punishment should be on the corrupt officials who are mad about business under the table.惩治的焦点应集中在热衷于私下交易的贪官身上 6 to yield to.向 屈服 Don' t admit the time for yielding to the trend Only when out of water can you tell the end.莫道随波逐流时;出水才看两脚泥 7. to get involved in..卷入/潜心于… Once she gets involved in a research, nothing can distract her mind from it. 她一旦潜心钻研某一课题,任何事情都无法使她分心。 8. deep down在心底 Nobel appeared optimistic and cheerful, but, deep down, he felt sad and lonely 诺贝尔看上去乐观开朗,但在内心深处却感到悲伤和孤独。 9. to make fools of sb.愚弄某人 Making fools of others is just the same as laying oneself open to ridicule 愚弄他人就等于愚弄自己 10. to be entitled to(do)sth.有权做某事 A corrupt official, once entitled to the power granted by the people, will seek personal gain by hatever means he could resort to 个贪官,一旦拥有人民赋予的权力,就会不择手段地为自己牟利 11. to be the cue to do sth.是做某事的暗示 Her shining and charming face is the consumer's cue to buy this type of maker 她光彩迷人的脸庞是在暗示消费者去购买这种化妆品 12. to talk back顶嘴 When he found his two-year-old son learned to talk back, his eyes glowed with excitement. = f 发现两岁的儿子学会顶嘴了,双眼闪烁着喜悦的光芒。 13. to lecture sb. about sth.就某事训斥某人 If a leader tends to lecture his men about anything major or minor, that must be an expression of 如果一个领导不论大小事都爱训人,那一定是他无能的表现。 14. to get around(L.32)四处走动 Get around in the city and you will feel in an intensified form the special simplicity and kindness in the citizens here 在城里四处走走,你会强烈地感受到这里的居民特有的淳朴和善良 15. to get the cheapest bid拿到最低的报价 Through open tender, we can not only get the cheapest bid but stop the "black case work"as well 通过公开招标,我们既可以拿到最低报价又可以杜绝暗箱操作。 l6. to make a gradual shift away from.逐渐脱离 Once one is addicted to drug, it is also next to impossible for him her to make a gradual shift away from its lure 旦吸毒成瘾,想渐渐摆脱其诱惑也是难上加难的 17. to jump off'突然脱离摆脱 Strangely, the more urge you feel to jump off a fixed pattern of thinking, the harder you find it to make it 说也奇怪,你越急于摆脱一种思维定式,你越难于如愿
5. under the table 私下，背地里 The focus of punishment should be on the corrupt officials who are mad about business under the table. 惩治的焦点应集中在热衷于私下交易的贪官身上。 6. to yield to … 向······屈服 Don’t admit the time for yielding to the trend; Only when out of water can you tell the end. 莫道随波逐流时；出水才看两脚泥。 7. to get involved in … 卷入 / 潜心于······ Once she gets involved in a research, nothing can distract her mind from it. 她一旦潜心钻研某一课题，任何事情都无法使她分心。 8. deep down 在心底 Nobel appeared optimistic and cheerful, but, deep down, he felt sad and lonely. 诺贝尔看上去乐观开朗，但在内心深处却感到悲伤和孤独。 9. to make fools of sb. 愚弄某人 Making fools of others is just the same as laying oneself open to ridicule. 愚弄他人就等于愚弄自己。 10. to be entitled to (do) sth. 有权做某事 A corrupt official, once entitled to the power granted by the people, will seek personal gain by whatever means he could resort to. 一个贪官，一旦拥有人民赋予的权力，就会不择手段地为自己牟利。 11. to be the cue to do sth. 是做某事的暗示 Her shining and charming face is the consumer’s cue to buy this type of makeup 她光彩迷人的脸庞是在暗示消费者去购买这种化妆品。 12. to talk back 顶嘴 When he found his two-year-old son learned to talk back, his eyes glowed with excitement. 当他 发现两岁的儿子学会顶嘴了，双眼闪烁着喜悦的光芒。 13. to lecture sb. about sth. 就某事训斥某人 If a leader tends to lecture his men about anything major or minor, that must be an expression of his incompetence. 如果一个领导不论大小事都爱训人，那一定是他无能的表现。 14. to get around (L. 32) 四处走动 Get around in the city and you will feel in an intensified form the special simplicity and kindness in the citizens here. 在城里四处走走，你会强烈地感受到这里的居民特有的淳朴和善良。 15. to get the cheapest bid 拿到最低的报价 Through open tender, we can not only get the cheapest bid but stop the “black case work” as well. 通过公开招标，我们既可以拿到最低报价又可以杜绝暗箱操作。 16. to make a gradual shift away from … 逐渐脱离······ Once one is addicted to drug, it is also next to impossible for him / her to make a gradual shift away from its lure. 一旦吸毒成瘾，想渐渐摆脱其诱惑也是难上加难的。 17. to jump off 突然脱离/摆脱 Strangely, the more urge you feel to jump off a fixed pattern of thinking, the harder you find it to make it. 说也奇怪，你越急于摆脱一种思维定式，你越难于如愿
18. to act as a champion for..成为·的捍卫者 Our society needs more and more officials to act as devoted champions for the interests of common people 我们的社会需要越来越多的官员成为老百姓利益的忠实捍卫者。 19. to lend oneself to..适宜于·;同意参与 Those who never lend themselves to abuse of love are often the first to taste the fruits of true love 从不亵渎爱情的人常常是第一个品尝真爱果实的人 20. to convict sb. of doing sth. wrong证明/宣判某人有罪 We have no right to order him to leave school unless there is enough evidence to convict him of cheating in the exan 我们无权勒令他退学,除非有足够的证据证明他考试作弊 IV. Writ Definitions of Something 1.人们对某一事物的不同界定。 2.其正确的定义为 3.如何对待该事物? 写作模式(界定说明文) 1)Something may be many things to many people. People usually view something from different perspectives.(主题引入) 2)Some would prefer to define it as…, while others would like to interpret it as….(人们的不同解读)3) ere are some others who are inclined to regard it as . 4)If seen in its true colors In a proper sense/In essence, however, something is nothing but…, no matter what..(正确的界定)5) The key to the issue is the yardstick you use for measuring(进一步阐述)6)If you are more likely to…,but, if you…, you have more chances to…(进一步阐述)7) On the other hand, something s also a becoming(进一步界定)8) It goes up along with.w with(进一步阐述)9) So there is much need to.10) To achieve this/ To make it,youd better learn how to…, which/as…,(建议D11) And meanwhile, vou mav…, after which,you wll.(建议I)12) But most important/ vital for you is…(建议ID) The True Meaning of Self-worth 1.人们对自我价值的不同界定。 2.其正确的定义为 3.如何培养正确的自我价值观? 1) Self-worth may be many things to many people.(主题引入) 2)Some would prefer to define it as the wealth they have piled up while others would like interpret it as the social status they enjoy(人们的不同解读) 3)There are still some others who are inclined to regard it as the esteem of others they have gained.(人们的进一步解读) 4)If seen in its true colors, however, self-worth, or self-esteem, is nothing but a positive acceptance of your whole self,, no matter what you are in society.(正确的界定) 5) The key to the issue is the yardstick you use for measuring.(进一步阐述)
18. to act as a champion for … 成为 ······ 的捍卫者 Our society needs more and more officials to act as devoted champions for the interests of common people. 我们的社会需要越来越多的官员成为老百姓利益的忠实捍卫者。 19. to lend oneself to … 适宜于······; 同意参与······ Those who never lend themselves to abuse of love are often the first to taste the fruits of true love. 从不亵渎爱情的人常常是第一个品尝真爱果实的人。 20. to convict sb. of doing sth. wrong 证明/宣判某人有罪 We have no right to order him to leave school unless there is enough evidence to convict him of cheating in the exam. 我们无权勒令他退学，除非有足够的证据证明他考试作弊。 IV. Writing Definitions of Something 1. 人们对某一事物的不同界定。 2. 其正确的定义为…… 3. 如何对待该事物？ 写作模式（界定说明文） 1) Something may be many things to many people. / People usually view something from different perspectives. (主题引入) 2) Some would prefer to define it as … while others would like to interpret it as … (人们的不同解读) 3) There are still some others who are inclined to regard it as … 4) If seen in its true colors / In a proper sense / In essence, however, something is nothing but …, no matter what… (正确的界定) 5) The key to the issue is the yardstick you use for measuring. (进一步阐述) 6）If you …, you are more likely to … but, if you …, you have more chances to …(进一步阐述) 7) On the other hand, something is also a becoming.(进一步界定) 8) It goes up along with … whereas it goes down together with … (进一步阐述) 9) So there is much need to ... 10) To achieve this / To make it, you’d better learn how to …, which / as …(建议 I) 11) And meanwhile, you may …, after which, you will … (建议 II) 12) But most important / vital for you is … (建议 III) The True Meaning of Self-worth 1. 人们对自我价值的不同界定。 2. 其正确的定义为······ 3. 如何培养正确的自我价值观？ 1) Self-worth may be many things to many people. (主题引入) 2) Some would prefer to define it as the wealth they have piled up while others would like to interpret it as the social status they enjoy. (人们的不同解读) 3) There are still some others who are inclined to regard it as the esteem of others they have gained. (人们的进一步解读) 4) If seen in its true colors, however, self-worth, or self-esteem, is nothing but a positive acceptance of your whole self, no matter what you are in society. (正确的界定) 5) The key to the issue is the yardstick you use for measuring. (进一步阐述)
6)If you tend to weigh yourself on the scale of the more successful or the judgment of others you are more likely to feel down on yourself but, if you love to compare your advantages with others'disadvantages, you have more chances to overestimate your own value(进一步阐述) 7) On the other hand, self-worth is also a becoming(进一步界定 8)It goes up along with more and more worth you prove to society whereas it goes down together with less and less effort you make in what counts to society as well as to your life.(it 步阐述) 9)So there is much need to develop a proper self-worth 10)To achieve this, you'd better learn how to reinforce the belief that every individual has unique worth, which awaits his/her discovery (E ix D) 11)And meanwhile, you may choose a goal within your reach and attain it, after which, you will have a bette (建议I 12)But most important for you is to build up your self-worth through greater and greater efforts in your study and work(建议I Section b Reading skills F The ability to recognize and explain figurative language may help us fully understand a writer's point and it is crucial to a better understanding of what we read 2. Practice What comparisons are being made? What mental pictures do they bring to your mind? What ideas is the author trying to convey? We learned how to understand figurative language in Unit 5 and Unit 10, Book 2 and Unit 4, Book 3. The ability to recognize and explain figurative language may help us fully understand a writers point and it is crucial to a better understanding of what we read. To make language clearer, more interesting, and more striking, writers often use expressions that are not literally true, making comparisons in their writing Figurative language- language that compares- paints a picture for the reader When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal senses to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively However, figurative language can be confusing if it is understood literally In Unit 5, Book 2, we mentioned many different ways of using figurative language a) Similes(明喻,直喻). These are figurative expressions that directly compare one thing to another by using the words as or like b)Metaphors(E D), in which comparisons are only implied, without using as, like and the like c)Personification(t A), figurative expressions which compare non-human things to humans Of course, there are many more figures of speech than has been mentioned Here are some tips for you to recognize figurative ways of saying things 1. Make sure that you are aware that the writer is making a comparison
6）If you tend to weigh yourself on the scale of the more successful or the judgment of others, you are more likely to feel down on yourself but, if you love to compare your advantages with others’ disadvantages, you have more chances to overestimate your own value.(进一步阐述) 7) On the other hand, self-worth is also a becoming.(进一步界定) 8) It goes up along with more and more worth you prove to society whereas it goes down together with less and less effort you make in what counts to society as well as to your life. (进一 步阐述) 9) So there is much need to develop a proper self-worth. 10) To achieve this, you’d better learn how to reinforce the belief that every individual has unique worth, which awaits his / her discovery.(建议 I) 11) And meanwhile, you may choose a goal within your reach and attain it, after which, you will have a better opinion of your self-worth. (建议 II) 12) But most important for you is to build up your self-worth through greater and greater efforts in your study and work.(建议 III) Section B I. Reading Skills 1. Understanding Figurative Language The ability to recognize and explain figurative language may help us fully understand a writer’s point and it is crucial to a better understanding of what we read. 2. Practice What comparisons are being made? What mental pictures do they bring to your mind? What ideas is the author trying to convey? We learned how to understand figurative language in Unit 5 and Unit 10, Book 2 and Unit 4, Book 3. The ability to recognize and explain figurative language may help us fully understand a writer’s point and it is crucial to a better understanding of what we read. To make language clearer, more interesting, and more striking, writers often use expressions that are not literally true, making comparisons in their writing. Figurative language — language that compares — paints a picture for the reader. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal senses to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. However, figurative language can be confusing if it is understood literally. In Unit 5, Book 2, we mentioned many different ways of using figurative language. a) Similes (明喻, 直喻). These are figurative expressions that directly compare one thing to another by using the words as or like. b) Metaphors (暗喻), in which comparisons are only implied, without using as, like and the like. c) Personification (拟人), figurative expressions which compare non-human things to humans. Of course, there are many more figures of speech than has been mentioned. Here are some tips for you to recognize figurative ways of saying things: 1. Make sure that you are aware that the writer is making a comparison
2. Keep clearly in your mind just what is being compared to what. Don't lose the basic point by getting confused about the comparison and forgetting what the writer is explaining in the first 3. Look for such words as like and as which often introduce comparison 4. Try to figure out why the writer has made the comparison Now here are some examples from Reading Passage A to help you understand figurative language Example I Oh, I'm tempted to get paid under the table.( Para. 2, Reading Passage A, Unit 3) Explanation: under the table- without others knowing that I'm being paid Example 2 But even if I yielded to that temptation, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation.(Para. 2, Reading Passage A, Unit 3) Explanation: sticky situation- situation that one can not get rid of or get out of Xam But after a few years in a system that practically requires people to lie, they become like the one I shall call"Suzanne", a detective in shorts. ( Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 3) Explanation: a detective in shorts-the caseworker is being compared to a detective whe wears shorts like a sportsman, chased the clients and tried to find out faults with the clients Example 4 Friends and family.(Para. 9, Passage A, Unit 3 Explanation: Friends and family are clearly not parallel to each other. Here "family"is a substitution of whole for parts the"family here means members of the family Example 5 I've heard that you put a lot more miles on that wheelchair than average. (Para. 13, Passage A Unit 3) Explanation: Put a lot more miles on"is clearly providing an image that the wheelchair is used too often or even overused Example 6 I'm an active worker, not a vegetable. Para. 14, Passage A, Unit 3) Explanation: "A vegetable"here is a comparison to someone who cannot move and has no Example 7 She looked into every corner in search of unreported appliances, or maids, or a roast pig in the oven, or a new helicopter parked out back. (Para. 17, Passage A, Unit 3) Explanation: Here we feel the force of exaggeration and ironic tone to the effect that the client disliked the caseworker's"visits". Of course nobody would actually have a new helicopter in their backyard Before you read Passage B, have a look at some pieces of figurative language the author uses to convey his ideas. With a partner, examine and discuss the underlined parts in the sentences below. What comparisons are being made? What mental pictures do they bring to your mind? What ideas is the author trying to convey? 1. The stacks of paper is being personified as someone who can bear witness to 2. The fact that his eyes were covered with a layer of white coating is described as if the eyes
2. Keep clearly in your mind just what is being compared to what. Don’t lose the basic point by getting confused about the comparison and forgetting what the writer is explaining in the first place. 3. Look for such words as like and as, which often introduce comparison. 4. Try to figure out why the writer has made the comparison. Now here are some examples from Reading Passage A to help you understand figurative language. Example 1 Oh, I’m tempted to get paid under the table. (Para. 2, Reading Passage A, Unit 3) Explanation: under the table — without others knowing that I’m being paid. Example 2: But even if I yielded to that temptation, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation. (Para. 2, Reading Passage A, Unit 3) Explanation: sticky situation — situation that one can not get rid of or get out of Example 3: But after a few years in a system that practically requires people to lie, they become like the one I shall call “Suzanne”, a detective in shorts. (Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 3) Explanation: a detective in shorts — the caseworker is being compared to a detective who wears shorts like a sportsman, chased the clients and tried to find out faults with the clients. Example 4 Friends and family. (Para. 9, Passage A, Unit 3) Explanation: Friends and family are clearly not parallel to each other. Here “family” is a substitution of whole for parts. The “family” here means members of the family. Example 5 I’ve heard that you put a lot more miles on that wheelchair than average. (Para. 13, Passage A, Unit 3) Explanation: “Put a lot more miles on” is clearly providing an image that the wheelchair is used too often or even overused. Example 6 I’m an active worker, not a vegetable. (Para. 14, Passage A, Unit 3) Explanation: “A vegetable” here is a comparison to someone who cannot move and has no feelings. Example 7 She looked into every corner in search of unreported appliances, or maids, or a roast pig in the oven, or a new helicopter parked out back. (Para. 17, Passage A, Unit 3) Explanation: Here we feel the force of exaggeration and ironic tone to the effect that the client disliked the caseworker’s “visits”. Of course nobody would actually have a new helicopter in their backyard. Before you read Passage B, have a look at some pieces of figurative language the author uses to convey his ideas. With a partner, examine and discuss the underlined parts in the sentences below. What comparisons are being made? What mental pictures do they bring to your mind? What ideas is the author trying to convey? 1. The stacks of paper is being personified as someone who can bear witness to something. 2. The fact that his eyes were covered with a layer of white coating is described as if the eyes
contained a white mist 3. To steer him is a figurative way of saying"to lead him or to guide him 4. Western ears symbolize people from Western countries 5. A gallery of human faces symbolizes a gathering of people from many nationalities 6. As we know a portrait does not have life: it is impossible to say a "living portrait.It is a figurative way of saying"a vivid portrait 7. The word"like"clearly tells us that these are hats only but are being compared to small crowns 8. Two tiny birds are clearly a metaphor of the girl's two small hands to show that it was with loving care that the blind man held the girls hands II. Text analysis What's the text mainly about? The author came across a blind man in Thailand, and helped him by describing a show to him. The blind man's eager attitude towards things around made the author realize his neglect of things and change his attitude to life How is the text organized? IV Language Points 1. accompany: v. 1 )walk or travel with sb. as a companion or helper Pu fF Some friends had come to accompany her home.几个朋友和邻居来陪她回家 I must ask you to accompany me to the police station.我得要求你陪我去警察局 2)(sth by/with sth else) be present or occur with sth. /FRE He had fever accompanied with cough.他发烧而且咳嗽 Each application should be accompanied by a stamped envelope.每份申请书均须附回邮信 封、贴上邮票。 3)( sth [at/on sth ) play an accompaniment for sb. A3 Mary sang and I accompanied her on the piano.玛丽唱歌,我弹琴给她伴奏
contained a white mist. 3. To steer him is a figurative way of saying “to lead him or to guide him”. 4. Western ears symbolize people from Western countries. 5. A gallery of human faces symbolizes a gathering of people from many nationalities. 6. As we know a portrait does not have life: it is impossible to say a “living portrait”. It is a figurative way of saying “a vivid portrait”. 7. The word “like” clearly tells us that these are hats only but are being compared to small crowns. 8. Two tiny birds are clearly a metaphor of the girl’s two small hands to show that it was with loving care that the blind man held the girl’s hands. II. Text Analysis What’s the text mainly about? The author came across a blind man in Thailand, and helped him by describing a show to him. The blind man’s eager attitude towards things around made the author realize his neglect of things and change his attitude to life. How is the text organized? IV. Language Points 1. accompany: v. 1) walk or travel with sb. as a companion or helper 陪伴 Some friends had come to accompany her home. 几个朋友和邻居来陪她回家。 I must ask you to accompany me to the police station. 我得要求你陪我去警察局。 2) (～sth. by/ with sth. else) be present or occur with sth. 伴随 He had fever accompanied with cough. 他发烧而且咳嗽。 Each application should be accompanied by a stamped envelope. 每份申请书均须附回邮信 封、贴上邮票。 3)(～ sth. [at/ on sth.]) play an accompaniment for sb. 伴奏 Mary sang and I accompanied her on the piano.玛丽唱歌，我弹琴给她伴奏
The well-known singer was accompanied at the violin by his school teacher 那位著名的歌唱家的小学老师用小提琴为他伴奏 bear/ give witness to: provide evidence of the truth of sth.对…做出证明,表明 The tests bear witness to the quality of the car..这些试验证明车的质量很好。 The ruins of these temples bear witness to the past greatness of the Roman Empire. ik kje 宇的废墟见证了罗马帝国过去的辉煌 atch up: 1)(on sth )spend extra time doing sth. because you haven t done it earlier n RyK 补 I have to catch up on my work tonight, so I can 't come out.我今晚有许多工作赶着要做,所 以不能出来。 2)(with sb. )reach the same level or standard as sb. who is better E E He spent six months catching up with the rest of the class他用半年的时间赶上班上的其 他同学 4. load with:(usu. passive) give sb. or sth a lot of heavy things to carry 44 The farmer's cart was loaded with fresh vegetables.这位农夫的马车上装满了新鲜蔬菜。 She is loaded with money.她很有钱 5. dense a.1. closely packed together密集的,稠密的 The road is dense with traffic.这条路上交通繁忙 2. thick厚的,浓密的 The fog was so dense that we could not see anything 雾很浓,我们什么都看不见 density n.密度 densify v.I使(木材)硬化2使稠密3使增加密度 6. charter v.l.rent( a vehicle) for a special use租,包(车、船、飞机) a chartered van/ plane一辆包车/一架包机 2. say officially that sth. exists and has special rights特许成立,发放执照 The government chartered the new airline.政府特许成立那家新航空公司 n.(C] a statement of the principles, duties of an organization宪章,章程 Education is one of the basic human rights written into the United Nations charter.受教育是 写入联合国宪章的基本人权之 7. strike:(of a thought or an idea)come into sb. 's mind suddenly; cause(sb )to have a feeling or idea about sth.有强烈的感受;造成深刻的印象:突然想到 She was suddenly struck by the thought that she'd left the book on the train.她突然想起来 她把书忘在火车上了 So how does my proposition strike you?那么你觉得我的建议怎么样? 8.(be/seem)out of tune:(be /seem) not singing or playing the correct musical notes that sound pleasant( opposite: In tune)走调 Someone in the choir is singing out of tune.合唱团里有人唱跑调了 None of them could sing in tune.他们每个人唱歌都走调。 9. Intensity n.[U] the state or quality of being intense强烈,强度≯ intensify v work with greater intensity更紧张地工作 The debate is renewed with great intensity.辩论重新激烈地展开了。 intense:a 1)very great; very strong, extreme ntense pain/ Interest/ anger剧痛浓厚的兴趣/大怒 2)serious and often involving a lot of action in a short period of time
The well-known singer was accompanied at the violin by his school teacher. 那位著名的歌唱家的小学老师用小提琴为他伴奏。 2. bear / give witness to: provide evidence of the truth of sth. 对……做出证明,表明 The tests bear witness to the quality of the car. 这些试验证明车的质量很好。 The ruins of these temples bear witness to the past greatness of the Roman Empire. 这些庙 宇的废墟见证了罗马帝国过去的辉煌。 3. catch up: 1)(on sth.) spend extra time doing sth. because you haven’t done it earlier 加紧弥 补 I have to catch up on my work tonight, so I can't come out. 我今晚有许多工作赶着要做，所 以不能出来。 2)(with sb.) reach the same level or standard as sb. who is better 赶上 He spent six months catching up with the rest of the class. 他用半年的时间赶上班上的其 他同学。 4. load with: (usu. passive) give sb. or sth. a lot of heavy things to carry 满载着 The farmer's cart was loaded with fresh vegetables. 这位农夫的马车上装满了新鲜蔬菜。 She is loaded with money. 她很有钱。 5. dense a. 1. closely packed together 密集的，稠密的 The road is dense with traffic. 这条路上交通繁忙。 2. thick 厚的，浓密的 The fog was so dense that we could not see anything. 雾很浓，我们什么都看不见。 density n. 密度 densify v. 1 使（木材）硬化 2 使稠密 3 使增加密度 6. charter v. 1. rent (a vehicle) for a special use 租，包（车、船、飞机） a chartered van / plane 一辆包车/一架包机 2. say officially that sth. exists and has special rights 特许成立，发放执照 The government chartered the new airline. 政府特许成立那家新航空公司。 n. [C] a statement of the principles, duties of an organization 宪章，章程 Education is one of the basic human rights written into the United Nations charter. 受教育是 写入联合国宪章的基本人权之一。 7. strike: (of a thought or an idea) come into sb.'s mind suddenly; cause (sb.) to have a feeling or idea about sth. 有强烈的感受；造成深刻的印象；突然想到 She was suddenly struck by the thought that she'd left the book on the train. 她突然想起来 她把书忘在火车上了。 So how does my proposition strike you? 那么你觉得我的建议怎么样？ 8. (be / seem) out of tune: (be / seem) not singing or playing the correct musical notes that sound pleasant (opposite: in tune) 走调 Someone in the choir is singing out of tune. 合唱团里有人唱跑调了。 None of them could sing in tune. 他们每个人唱歌都走调。 9. intensity n. [U] the state or quality of being intense 强烈，强度intensify v. work with greater intensity 更紧张地工作 The debate is renewed with great intensity. 辩论重新激烈地展开了。 intense: a.1) very great; very strong; extreme intense pain / interest / anger 剧痛/浓厚的兴趣/大怒 2) serious and often involving a lot of action in a short period of time
ntense competition/ discussion激烈的竟争/热烈的讨论 10. crown:n.1)C]王冠 2)[C] a circle of flowers花环 v. 1) put a crown on the head of a new king as a sign of royal power Queen Elizabeth was crowned in1953.伊丽莎白女王于1953年加冕 2)(with) form or cover the top of sth.加顶,覆盖 He crowned the dessert with cream.他在甜点上浇上奶油 Mist crowned the mountains.薄雾笼罩着群山 11. in rhythm(with): moving in time(to the regular beat of sound or movement) He can, t seem to play in rhythm.他的表演好像不合拍子。 The boat rocked up and down in rhythm with the sea.船随着海浪上下颠簸 12. highlight v. attract attention to or emphasize(sth. Important)引起注意,强调 Could you read through this for me and highlight the important points? 你能把这读给我听,并突出重点吗? n.C] the best or most exciting, entertaining or important part最精彩的部分 The highlight of our trip to New york was going to the top of Empire State Building. #f]%H 约之行的最精彩部分是登上帝国大厦之顶 13. excuse oneself/sb. say in a polite way that one is leaving /allows sb. to leave Now if you'll excuse me, I'm a very busy man.对不起,失陪了,我很忙。 I excused myself from the dinner table to make a phone call我礼貌地离开餐桌去打电话。 curve:v(usu. ad prep )move or make sth. move in the shape of a curve, The highway curves to the left about a mile from here.公路在距此一英里处向左拐弯 n IC] a line or surface that bends gradually; a smooth I The driver lost control on a curve and the vehicle hit a tree.司机在拐弯处失去控制,车子 撞在了一棵树上 15. hold up: raise(sth);kep(sth.) raised举起,抬起 Those who were for the resolution held up their hands.那些赞成决议的人都把手举了起 来 skim the surface: look at only the easy or obvious part of sth.触及表面 We've only skimmed the surface of the problem.我们只是触及了问题的表面。 This report has barely skimmed the surface of the subject这份报告只是肤浅地涉及了主题 Passage a 渴望新的福利救济制度 人人都觉得福利救济对象是在骗人。我认识的许多坐轮椅的人面临与宠物猫分吃生猫食的 窘境,都会向福利机构多榨取几美元。为了能领到一点额外的福利款,他们告诉政府说他们实 际上少拿了200美元的养老金,或告诉社会工作者,说房东又提高了100美元的房租。 我选择了过一种完全诚实的生活,因此我不会那样做,而是四处找活,揽些画漫画的活。我 甚至还告诉福利机构我赚了多少钱!噢,私下里领一笔钱当然对我也挺有吸引力,但即使我抗 不住这种诱惑,我投稿的那些大杂志也不会去给自己惹麻烦。他们会保留我的记录,而这些记 录会直接进入政府的电脑。真是态度鲜明,毫不含糊。 作为一名福利救济对象,我必须在社会工作者面前卑躬屈膝。社会工作者心里知道许多救
intense competition / discussion 激烈的竞争/热烈的讨论 10. crown: n. 1) [C] 王冠 2) [C] a circle of flowers 花环。 v. 1) put a crown on the head of a new king as a sign of royal power Queen Elizabeth was crowned in 1953. 伊丽莎白女王于 1953 年加冕。 2) (with) form or cover the top of sth. 加顶，覆盖 He crowned the dessert with cream. 他在甜点上浇上奶油。 Mist crowned the mountains. 薄雾笼罩着群山。 11. in rhythm (with): moving in time (to the regular beat of sound or movement) He can't seem to play in rhythm. 他的表演好像不合拍子。 The boat rocked up and down in rhythm with the sea. 船随着海浪上下颠簸。 12. highlight v. attract attention to or emphasize (sth. important) 引起注意，强调 Could you read through this for me and highlight the important points? 你能把这读给我听，并突出重点吗？ n. [C] the best or most exciting, entertaining or important part 最精彩的部分 The highlight of our trip to New York was going to the top of Empire State Building. 我们纽 约之行的最精彩部分是登上帝国大厦之顶。 13. excuse oneself / sb.: say in a polite way that one is leaving / allows sb. to leave Now if you'll excuse me, I'm a very busy man. 对不起，失陪了，我很忙。 I excused myself from the dinner table to make a phone call. 我礼貌地离开餐桌去打电话。 14. curve: v. (usu. + ad. / prep.) move or make sth. move in the shape of a curve; The highway curves to the left about a mile from here. 公路在距此一英里处向左拐弯。 n. [C] a line or surface that bends gradually; a smooth bend The driver lost control on a curve and the vehicle hit a tree. 司机在拐弯处失去控制，车子 撞在了一棵树上。 15. hold up: raise (sth.); keep (sth.) raised 举起，抬起 Those who were for the resolution held up their hands. 那些赞成决议的人都把手举了起 来。 skim the surface: look at only the easy or obvious part of sth. 触及表面 We've only skimmed the surface of the problem. 我们只是触及了问题的表面。 This report has barely skimmed the surface of the subject. 这份报告只是肤浅地涉及了主题。 Passage A 渴望新的福利救济制度 人人都觉得福利救济对象是在骗人。 我认识的许多坐轮椅的人面临与宠物猫分吃生猫食的 窘境，都会向福利机构多榨取几美元。 为了能领到一点额外的福利款，他们告诉政府说他们实 际上少拿了 200 美元的养老金， 或告诉社会工作者，说房东又提高了 100 美元的房租。 我选择了过一种完全诚实的生活，因此我不会那样做，而是四处找活，揽些画漫画的活。 我 甚至还告诉福利机构我赚了多少钱！ 噢，私下里领一笔钱当然对我也挺有吸引力， 但即使我抗 不住这种诱惑，我投稿的那些大杂志也不会去给自己惹麻烦。 他们会保留我的记录，而这些记 录会直接进入政府的电脑。 真是态度鲜明，毫不含糊。 作为一名福利救济对象，我必须在社会工作者面前卑躬屈膝。 社会工作者心里知道许多救
济对象在欺骗他们,因此他们觉得,作为补偿,他们有权让救济对象向他们点头哈腰。我并不 是故意感到忿忿不平。大多数社会工作者刚开始时都是些大学毕业生,有理想,而且思想开明 可是在这个实际上是要人撒谎的系统里干了几年后,他们就变得与那个叫苏珊娜的人一样了 一个穿运动短裤的侦探。 去年圣诞节,苏珊娜到我家来了解情况,看到墙上贴着新的宣传画,便问:"你从哪儿弄到 钱来买这些? "朋友和家人。" "那么,你最好要张收据,真的,你接受任何捐献或礼物都要报告 她这是在暗示我:得哀求她了。但是我却将她顶了回去。"那天在马路上有人给我一根烟, 我也得报告吗?" 对不起,卡拉汉先生,可是规定不是我制订的。 苏珊娜试图就修理轮椅的问题训斥我。由于福利部门不愿意花钱好好地修理,所以它总是坏 "您是知道的,卡拉汉先生,我听说您的那台轮椅比一般人用得多得多。 我当然用得多,我是个工作很积极的人,又不是植物人。我住在闹市区附近,可以坐着轮 椅到处走走。我真想知道如果她突然摔坏臀部,不得不爬着去上班时,是什么感受。 政府削减福利开支已经导致许多人挨饿受苦,我只是其中之一。但这种削减对脊柱伤残的 人士更有特别的影响:政府已经不管我们的轮椅了。每次我的轮椅坏了,掉了螺丝,需要换轴 承,或刹车不灵等,我都打电话给苏珊娜,但每次都要挨训。她最后总会说:好吧,如果今天 我能抽出时间的话,我会找医务人员的。 她该通知医务人员,由他来证明问题确实存在,然后打电话给各家轮椅维修公司,拿到最 低的报价。接着医务人员就通知州府的福利总部,他们再花几天时间考虑这件事。而这期间我 只能躺在床上,动弹不得。最后,如果我幸运的话,他们会给我回电话,同意维 当福利部门获悉我画漫画赚钱时,苏珊娜就开始每两个星期"拜访”我一次,而不是每两个月 才一次了。她寻遍每个角落,想找出我未上报的电器,或者是女仆、烤炉里的烤猪、停在房后 新买的直升飞机什么的。她从来都是一无所获,但最后我总要填厚厚的一叠表格,说明每一分 钱的来历。 如何逐渐脱离福利照顾,这在法律条款中没有明确规定。我是一个独立的生意人,正在慢 慢建立起自己的市场。要脱离福利救济,一下子做到每月能挣2,000美元是不可能的。但我 很想自己负担部分生活费用,不必在每次需要为轮椅买点配件时都去尴尬地求人 真需要有一位律师来捍卫福利救济对象的权利,因为这一福利体制不仅容易使救济对象滥用 权力,也很容易使福利提供者滥用权力。前几天,由于药剂师说我使用的医疗用品超出常量, 于是福利部门派苏珊娜到我的住所调查。我确实多用了,因为外科手术所造的排尿孔的大小改 变了,于是尿袋的连接处发生渗漏。 她正做着记录,我家的电话铃响了。苏珊娜接听了电话,是一位州议员打来的,这使她慌 了一下。数以千计像我这样的福利救济对象,如果允许的话,可以慢慢地负担自己的一部分甚 至全部生活费用,对此,我会不会在州政府的委员会里尝试做点儿什么呢? 还用说吗?我当然会!总有一天,像我这样的福利救济对象将在一种新的福利制度下过上 好日子,这种制度不是要千方百计证明福利救济对象在欺骗,而是要鼓励他们自立。他们将能 自由地、毫无愧疚、毫不担忧地发挥他们的才干,或拥有一份稳定的好工作 Passage b
济对象在欺骗他们，因此他们觉得，作为补偿，他们有权让救济对象向他们点头哈腰。 我并不 是故意感到忿忿不平。 大多数社会工作者刚开始时都是些大学毕业生，有理想，而且思想开明。 可是在这个实际上是要人撒谎的系统里干了几年后，他们就变得与那个叫苏珊娜的人一样了-- 一个穿运动短裤的侦探。 去年圣诞节，苏珊娜到我家来了解情况，看到墙上贴着新的宣传画， 便问："你从哪儿弄到 钱来买这些？" "朋友和家人。" "那么，你最好要张收据，真的， 你接受任何捐献或礼物都要报告。" 她这是在暗示我：得哀求她了。但是我却将她顶了回去。" 那天在马路上有人给我一根烟， 我也得报告吗？" "对不起，卡拉汉先生，可是规定不是我制订的。" 苏珊娜试图就修理轮椅的问题训斥我。由于福利部门不愿意花钱好好地修理，所以它总是坏。 "您是知道的，卡拉汉先生，我听说您的那台轮椅比一般人用得多得多。" 我当然用得多，我是个工作很积极的人，又不是植物人。 我住在闹市区附近，可以坐着轮 椅到处走走。 我真想知道如果她突然摔坏臀部，不得不爬着去上班时，是什么感受。 政府削减福利开支已经导致许多人挨饿受苦，我只是其中之一。 但这种削减对脊柱伤残的 人士更有特别的影响： 政府已经不管我们的轮椅了。 每次我的轮椅坏了，掉了螺丝，需要换轴 承，或刹车不灵等，我都打电话给苏珊娜，但每次都要挨训。 她最后总会说：好吧，如果今天 我能抽出时间的话，我会找医务人员的。 她该通知医务人员，由他来证明问题确实存在， 然后打电话给各家轮椅维修公司，拿到最 低的报价。 接着医务人员就通知州府的福利总部， 他们再花几天时间考虑这件事。而这期间我 只能躺在床上，动弹不得。 最后，如果我幸运的话，他们会给我回电话，同意维修。 当福利部门获悉我画漫画赚钱时，苏珊娜就开始每两个星期"拜访"我一次，而不是每两个月 才一次了。 她寻遍每个角落，想找出我未上报的电器，或者是女仆、烤炉里的烤猪、停在房后 新买的直升飞机什么的。 她从来都是一无所获，但最后我总要填厚厚的一叠表格，说明每一分 钱的来历。 如何逐渐脱离福利照顾，这在法律条款中没有明确规定。 我是一个独立的生意人，正在慢 慢建立起自己的市场。 要脱离福利救济，一下子做到每月能挣 2, 000 美元是不可能的。 但我 很想自己负担部分生活费用，不必在每次需要为轮椅买点配件时都去尴尬地求人。 真需要有一位律师来捍卫福利救济对象的权利，因为这一福利体制不仅容易使救济对象滥用 权力，也很容易使福利提供者滥用权力。 前几天，由于药剂师说我使用的医疗用品超出常量， 于是福利部门派苏珊娜到我的住所调查。 我确实多用了，因为外科手术所造的排尿孔的大小改 变了，于是尿袋的连接处发生渗漏。 她正做着记录，我家的电话铃响了。苏珊娜接听了电话， 是一位州议员打来的，这使她慌 了一下。 数以千计像我这样的福利救济对象，如果允许的话，可以慢慢地负担自己的一部分甚 至全部生活费用，对此，我会不会在州政府的委员会里尝试做点儿什么呢？ 还用说吗？我当然会！ 总有一天，像我这样的福利救济对象将在一种新的福利制度下过上 好日子，这种制度不是要千方百计证明福利救济对象在欺骗，而是要鼓励他们自立。 他们将能 自由地、毫无愧疚、毫不担忧地发挥他们的才干，或拥有一份稳定的好工作。 Passage B