Unit 3 Section a Where Principles come First I Background Knowledge 1. The Hyde School In 1966, Joseph w. Gauld founded the first Hyde School in Bath, Maine in response to a system of education which he believed was failing its children because of conflicting priorities His search for a new approach in education led to a program that valued attitude over aptitude effort over ability, and character over talent. This emphasis creates a learning environment where students experience success with integrity, the kind of success that lasts a lifetime 2. Bath Bath is an old seafaring town. Its recorded maritime history began only 12 miles down the Kennebec when 400 years ago the first ship built by settlers in the New World was launched Shipyards once lined the river's edge and Bath-built vessels sailed the seas of the world. Bath is now the home of the world-class shipbuilder Bath Iron Works 3. Baltimore Baltimore is a city of northern Maryland on an arm of Chesapeake Bay northeast of Washington, DC. It has been a busy port since the 18th century. a city on the move with new attractions, Baltimore is an exciting city with charming neighborhoods, ethnic and cultural diversity, and a wealth of history 4. New haven Less than four centuries ago the area which is now new haven was the home of a small tribe of Native Americans, the Quinnipiac, who built their villages around the harbor. By the time the Revolutionary War began, New Haven had evolved from a colonial village into a growing town of about 3, 500 that would contribute men, financial support and arms to the revolutionary cause New Havens economy flourished during the Civil War era IL. Text analysis 1. What's the text mainly about? The text is about the Hyde Schools successful search for a new approach in education, which is centered upon teaching students the merit of such values as truth, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern. It introduces the effort made to make the Character First idea accepted by the public chools, the detailed approaches to education, and the benefits to both teachers and students 2. How is the text organized? Part I(paras. 1-2): The principle of the Hyde School Part II (paras. 3--11): The efforts made by Gauld to let the public schools accept his Character first idea Part Ill (paras. 12--16): The Hyde Schools approach to education Part IV(paras. 17-20): The Hyde approaches benefit both teachers and students III. Language Points
1 Unit 3 Section A Where Principles Come First I. Background Knowledge 1. The Hyde School In 1966, Joseph W. Gauld founded the first Hyde School in Bath, Maine in response to a system of education which he believed was failing its children because of conflicting priorities. His search for a new approach in education led to a program that valued attitude over aptitude, effort over ability, and character over talent. This emphasis creates a learning environment where students experience success with integrity, the kind of success that lasts a lifetime. 2. Bath Bath is an old seafaring town. Its recorded maritime history began only 12 miles down the Kennebec when 400 years ago the first ship built by settlers in the New World was launched. Shipyards once lined the river’s edge and Bath-built vessels sailed the seas of the world. Bath is now the home of the world-class shipbuilder Bath Iron Works. 3. Baltimore Baltimore is a city of northern Maryland on an arm of Chesapeake Bay northeast of Washington, DC. It has been a busy port since the 18th century. A city on the move with new attractions, Baltimore is an exciting city with charming neighborhoods, ethnic and cultural diversity, and a wealth of history. 4. New Haven Less than four centuries ago the area which is now New Haven was the home of a small tribe of Native Americans, the Quinnipiac, who built their villages around the harbor. By the time the Revolutionary War began, New Haven had evolved from a colonial village into a growing town of about 3,500 that would contribute men, financial support and arms to the revolutionary cause. New Haven’s economy flourished during the Civil War era. II. Text Analysis 1. What’s the text mainly about? The text is about the Hyde School’s successful search for a new approach in education, which is centered upon teaching students the merit of such values as truth, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern. It introduces the effort made to make the Character First idea accepted by the public schools, the detailed approaches to education, and the benefits to both teachers and students. 2. How is the text organized? Part I (paras.1--2): The principle of the Hyde School. Part II (paras.3--11): The efforts made by Gauld to let the public schools accept his Character First idea. Part III (paras.12--16): The Hyde School’s approach to education. Part IV (paras.17—20): The Hyde approaches benefit both teachers and students. III. Language Points 1. publicity n
1).U] public notice or attention公众的注意:名声 The film actress's marriage got a lot of publicity 这位女电影演员的婚姻引起了公众的极大关注。 eek/avoid publicity追求/避免公众注意 2).[U](business of) providing information in order to attract public attention; advertising (Ta 业)广告,宣传,宣扬 The concert wasn, t given much advance publicity, so many tickets remained unsold.音乐会事 先没有做很多宣传,所以许多票没有卖出去 The publicity material sent out by the company stressed their concern for the environment 这个公司散发的宣传材料强调了他们对环境的关心 public a.公众的,大众的,公用的,公共的n.公众,民众 publicly adv.公开地,公然地;以公众名义地,由公众所同意地 publicize vt.引起公众对的注意,引人注意;宣传 2. cultivate vt 1). develop and improve培养,陶冶,发展 At this school we aim to cultivate the minds of all the children we teach 在这所学校里,我们旨在陶冶学生的心灵 She seems to spend her life trying to cultivate her career. 她的一生似乎都在成就其事业。 2). prepare and use(land,soi,etc.) for growing crops耕种,耕作 Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate 那里的大部分土地太贫瘠,无法耕种。 cultivation n.耕种;栽培,教化,促进;养殖 cultivator n.耕种者,培养者:开拓者,研究者 cultivated a.耕种的,种植的;栽培过的,有教养的,优雅的 cultivable= cultivatable a.可耕种的,可培养的,可启发的,可栽培的 3. comprehensive that includes( nearly) everything综合的,全面的,广泛的 a comprehensive test综合测试 She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject她对该问题有全面的理解 a guide book giving comprehensive information on the area 本提供了该地区综合信息的导游书 Compare: comprehensible a. easy to understand能理解的;易了解的 The book is written in clear, comprehensible language.这本书写得明了易懂 comprehend vt领悟,理解;了解;包含,包括 comprehension n.领悟理解;包含,包括 4. controversial a. causing disagreement or discussion有争议的,引起争议的 a controversial TV program有争议的电视节目 a controversial new law有争议的新法律 He is a controversial person.他是一个很有争议的人 He wrote a very controversial book but I think he's since regretted it.他写了一本很有 争议的书,但我想他随后就后悔了 controversy n.争论,辩驳:争议,争吵
2 1). [U] public notice or attention 公众的注意；名声 The film actress's marriage got a lot of publicity. 这位女电影演员的婚姻引起了公众的极大关注。 seek/avoid publicity 追求/避免公众注意 2). [U] (business of) providing information in order to attract public attention; advertising（商 业）广告，宣传，宣扬 The concert wasn't given much advance publicity, so many tickets remained unsold. 音乐会事 先没有做很多宣传，所以许多票没有卖出去。 The publicity material sent out by the company stressed their concern for the environment. 这个公司散发的宣传材料强调了他们对环境的关心。 public a. 公众的，大众的，公用的，公共的 n. 公众，民众 publicly adv. 公开地，公然地；以公众名义地，由公众所同意地 publicize vt. 引起公众对…的注意，引人注意；宣传 publish v. publication n. 2. cultivate vt. 1). develop and improve 培养，陶冶，发展 At this school we aim to cultivate the minds of all the children we teach. 在这所学校里，我们旨在陶冶学生的心灵。 She seems to spend her life trying to cultivate her career. 她的一生似乎都在成就其事业。 2). prepare and use (land, soil, etc.) for growing crops 耕种,耕作 Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate. 那里的大部分土地太贫瘠，无法耕种。 cultivation n. 耕种；栽培，教化，促进；养殖； cultivator n. 耕种者，培养者；开拓者，研究者 cultivated a. 耕种的，种植的；栽培过的，有教养的，优雅的 cultivable=cultivatable a. 可耕种的，可培养的，可启发的，可栽培的 3. comprehensive a. that includes (nearly) everything 综合的，全面的，广泛的 a comprehensive test 综合测试 She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject. 她对该问题有全面的理解。 a guide book giving comprehensive information on the area 一本提供了该地区综合信息的导游书 *Compare: comprehensible a. easy to understand 能理解的；易了解的 The book is written in clear, comprehensible language. 这本书写得明了易懂。 comprehend vt. 领悟,理解；了解；包含,包括 comprehension n. 领悟,理解；包含,包括 4. controversial a. causing disagreement or discussion 有争议的，引起争议的 a controversial TV program 有争议的电视节目 a controversial new law 有争议的新法律 He is a controversial person. 他是一个很有争议的人。 He wrote a very controversial book but I think he's since regretted it. 他写了一本很有 争议的书，但我想他随后就后悔了。 controversy n. 争论，辩驳；争议，争吵
5 l). stop or cause to be not active暂停,中止 The shipping service has been suspended because of bad weather因为天气恶劣,船运服务 被暂停了。 Both governments are refusing to suspend hostilities 两国政府都拒绝停止敌对行动 2) hang sth. up悬挂 It was very uncomfortable lying on the hospital bed with my legs suspended in the air. 躺在病床上,双腿吊挂的滋味可真不好受。 3). send sb. away from his/her school, job, position, etc. for a period of time, usu. as a punishment for doing sth bad He was suspended from school.他被开除离校。 She was suspended from her job shortly after the incident.事故发生后不久,她就被开除 suspension n.暂停,中止;悬挂,吊 6. preliminary a. coming before or preparing for a more important action or event预备的,初 步的 a preliminary meeting预备会议 In preliminary discussions, American officials rejected the requests.在初步讨论中,美国 官员拒绝了这些要求。 n.(usu.pl.)sth. done first, to introduce or prepare for later things初步做法,淮备工作 After a few polite preliminaries, we stated our main ideas 几句开场白后,我们陈述了主要观点。 There are a lot of preliminaries to be gone through before you can visit certain foreign countries.在访问某些国家之前,你有许多准备工作要做 1).[C] a person or thing that has a powerful attraction有强大吸引力的人或物 This disco is a magnet for young people这种迪斯科舞厅对青年人很有吸引力。 The United States has always acted as a magnet to people seeking fame and fortune.美国像磁 铁一样吸引着寻求名利的人。 2).磁铁,磁体 A magnet attracts nails磁铁能吸铁钉。 He picked all the needles up with a magnet.他用磁铁捡起了所有的针。 8. reform v l) change sth. in order to make it better改革,改进,改良 reform the examination system改革考试制度 You have to reform the management of the company.你得改革公司的管理制度 2)(cause to)behave better or fit into society better He's done wrong in the past but he has made serious efforts to reform.他过去做了错事,但现 在在努力改过自新。 Our prisons aim to reform criminals, not simply to punish then.我们的监狱旨在改造罪犯 而不仅仅是惩罚他们。 n. changes in sth. in order to make it better改革,改造 a major reform to the system对这一制度的重大改革
3 5. suspend vt. 1). stop or cause to be not active 暂停，中止 The shipping service has been suspended because of bad weather.因为天气恶劣，船运服务 被暂停了。 Both governments are refusing to suspend hostilities. 两国政府都拒绝停止敌对行动。 2). hang sth. up 悬挂 It was very uncomfortable lying on the hospital bed with my legs suspended in the air. 躺在病床上，双腿吊挂的滋味可真不好受。 3). send sb. away from his/her school, job, position, etc. for a period of time, usu. as a punishment for doing sth. bad He was suspended from school. 他被开除离校。 She was suspended from her job shortly after the incident. 事故发生后不久，她就被开除 了。 suspension n. 暂停，中止; 悬挂，吊 6. preliminary a. coming before or preparing for a more important action or event 预备的，初 步的 a preliminary meeting 预备会议 In preliminary discussions, American officials rejected the requests. 在初步讨论中，美国 官员拒绝了这些要求。 n. (usu. pl.) sth. done first, to introduce or prepare for later things 初步做法，准备工作 After a few polite preliminaries, we stated our main ideas. 几句开场白后，我们陈述了主要观点。 There are a lot of preliminaries to be gone through before you can visit certain foreign countries.在访问某些国家之前，你有许多准备工作要做。 7. magnet n. 1). [C] a person or thing that has a powerful attraction 有强大吸引力的人或物 This disco is a magnet for young people.这种迪斯科舞厅对青年人很有吸引力。 The United States has always acted as a magnet to people seeking fame and fortune. 美国像磁 铁一样吸引着寻求名利的人。 2). 磁铁，磁体 A magnet attracts nails.磁铁能吸铁钉。 He picked all the needles up with a magnet.他用磁铁捡起了所有的针。 8. reform v. 1) change sth. in order to make it better 改革，改进，改良 reform the examination system 改革考试制度 You have to reform the management of the company. 你得改革公司的管理制度。 2) (cause to) behave better or fit into society better He's done wrong in the past but he has made serious efforts to reform. 他过去做了错事，但现 在在努力改过自新。 Our prisons aim to reform criminals, not simply to punish them. 我们的监狱旨在改造罪犯， 而不仅仅是惩罚他们。 n. changes in sth. in order to make it better 改革，改造 a major reform to the system 对这一制度的重大改革
political reform in Eastern Europe东欧的政治改革 a reform policy一项改革政策 9. admission n 1).[U] entering or being allowed to enter a building, society, school. etc.允许进入,准 许加入 Admission to British universities depends on examination results.英国大学的录取依 考试成绩而定 Admission to the exhibition will be by invitation only 只有持邀请函者才可进入展览会。 2)[C,U] admitting承认,供认 I felt he would see my giving up as an admission that I was wrong我觉得他会认为我 放弃是承认自己错了。 They made admission that their newspaper had been fooling the public他们承认自己 的报纸一直在愚弄公众。 *Compare: admittance n. (fml. being allowed to enter a place(esp a private one); the ght to enter入场(权),入场许可 The journalist tried to gain admittance to the minister's office.记者力争获得进入部长 办公室的权利 No admittance.禁止入内。 1).[C] an occasion when a group of people meet to discuss a subject研讨会,讲习班 Dancers who attend the workshops find them very helpful 参加研讨会的舞蹈演员们觉得很有帮助 She runs a theatre workshop她举办了一个戏剧研讨班 2). [C] a room or building where things are made or repaired with machines or tools [aJ 工场,作坊 A workshop was built on his estate.他的庄园里建了一个工场。 Please tidy up the workshop when work is over:工作结束后,请整理车间 I1 utmost n.[ the greatest or most extreme degree or point极限,最大限度 Our endurance was tested to the utmost我们的忍耐力受到了最大限度的考验 a. the greatest, the most possible最大的,极度的 I need to speak to you on a matter of utmost importance 我需要和你谈一件极为重要的事情 His giving up has put us in a position of the utmost difficulty 他的放弃已经把我们置于一个极度困难的境地。 12. faculty n. ).(usually with the article"the )teaching staff of a school, or a university or a college department( used with either a singular or a plural verb)全体教员 The faculty has/have been invited to the meeting.全体教职工都受邀参加该会议 2) one department in a university, college,etc.系学院 the Faculty of Law法律系 the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences社会政治科学系 3) one of the natural abilities of a persons body or mind能力,才能,资质
4 political reform in Eastern Europe 东欧的政治改革 a reform policy 一项改革政策 9. admission n. 1). [U] entering or being allowed to enter a building, society, school, etc.允许进入，准 许加入 Admission to British universities depends on examination results.英国大学的录取依 考试成绩而定。 Admission to the exhibition will be by invitation only. 只有持邀请函者才可进入展览会。 2). [C, U] admitting 承认，供认 I felt he would see my giving up as an admission that I was wrong.我觉得他会认为我 放弃是承认自己错了。 They made admission that their newspaper had been fooling the public.他们承认自己 的报纸一直在愚弄公众。 *Compare: admittance n. (fml.) being allowed to enter a place (esp. a private one); the right to enter 入场（权），入场许可 The journalist tried to gain admittance to the minister’s office. 记者力争获得进入部长 办公室的权利。 No admittance. 禁止入内。 admit v. 10. workshop n. 1). [C] an occasion when a group of people meet to discuss a subject 研讨会，讲习班 Dancers who attend the workshops find them very helpful. 参加研讨会的舞蹈演员们觉得很有帮助。 She runs a theatre workshop.她举办了一个戏剧研讨班。 2). [C] a room or building where things are made or repaired with machines or tools 车间， 工场，作坊 A workshop was built on his estate.他的庄园里建了一个工场。 Please tidy up the workshop when work is over.工作结束后，请整理车间。 11. utmost n. [U] the greatest or most extreme degree or point 极限，最大限度 Our endurance was tested to the utmost.我们的忍耐力受到了最大限度的考验。 a. the greatest; the most possible 最大的，极度的 I need to speak to you on a matter of utmost importance. 我需要和你谈一件极为重要的事情。 His giving up has put us in a position of the utmost difficulty. 他的放弃已经把我们置于一个极度困难的境地。 12. faculty n. 1). (usually with the article “the”) teaching staff of a school, or a university or a college department (used with either a singular or a plural verb) 全体教员 The faculty has/have been invited to the meeting. 全体教职工都受邀参加该会议。 2). one department in a university, college, etc. 系,学院 the Faculty of Law 法律系 the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences 社会政治科学系 3). one of the natural abilities of a person's body or mind 能力，才能，资质
the faculty of hearing听力 the faculty of sight视力 13. curse v. say a word or expression which is not polite and shows that one is very angry with sb. or sth诅咒,咒骂 I could curse her for losing my key!她弄丢了我的钥匙,我真想骂她! He missed the ball and cursed violently.他没有接住球,便破口咒骂 C] an impolite word or words used to express anger诅咒,咒骂 She gave a couple of curses and then got up again 她诅咒了两句,然后又站了起来。 With a curse, she picked up the papers from the ground 她咒骂了一声,从地上捡起报纸 Phrases and expressions see sb. or sth.as: consider sb. or sth.tobe认为某人或某物是 她的同学们把她看作是未来的总统 Do you see the new leader as the hope of the party? 你认为新领导人是党的希望? 2. prepare sb. for sth: make sb. ready for sth.使做好准备 The doctor prepared my mother for her operation 医生使我母亲做好接受手术的准备 Prepare yourselves for a surprise when you go into the room 你们走进这个房间时,要做好大吃一惊的准备 3. spread(sth)to:( cause to) reach sb. or sth.else(使)传播 Firemen succeeded in preventing the fire from spreading to other office buildings. iH 防队员成功地防止了火势蔓延到其他办公楼 We have been asked to spread the news to all our friends.有人请我们把消息告诉所 有的朋友 If you allow the child to attend school he could spread the bad cold to all the other children.如果你让孩子上学,他可能将重感冒传染给其他孩子。 4. spend sth. on sth/(in) doing sth.: use time or money for a purpose在.上花费时间或金钱 The government has been charged with spending too much on the sports buildings.政府被指 控建造这些体育场馆的费用过高 This student seems to have spent too much effort on this piece of writing 这个学生似乎在这篇文章上花的工夫太大了 You've spent the whole afternoon in digging one small flower garden 你翻一个小花园的地竟花了一个下午的时间! He's spent most of his life working for the same company 他一生的大部分时间都在同一家公司里工作 5. Character First idea: the idea that character comes first 6. be scheduled to do be arranged to do被安排,定 The train was scheduled to arrive at10:30.火车定于10点半到达。 The plane is scheduled to take off at 5 pm.飞机定于下午5点起飞 7.eye:vt. look at sb. or sth. closely注视,观看,审视 Many people are eyeing the progress of the new project.许多人在关注着这一新项目的进展
5 the faculty of hearing 听力 the faculty of sight 视力 13. curse v. say a word or expression which is not polite and shows that one is very angry with sb. or sth.诅咒，咒骂 I could curse her for losing my key! 她弄丢了我的钥匙，我真想骂她！ He missed the ball and cursed violently. 他没有接住球，便破口咒骂。 n. [C] an impolite word or words used to express anger 诅咒，咒骂 She gave a couple of curses and then got up again. 她诅咒了两句，然后又站了起来。 With a curse, she picked up the papers from the ground. 她咒骂了一声，从地上捡起报纸。 Phrases and expressions 1. see sb. or sth. as: consider sb. or sth. to be 认为某人或某物是…… Her classmates see her as a future President. 她的同学们把她看作是未来的总统。 Do you see the new leader as the hope of the party? 你认为新领导人是党的希望？ 2. prepare sb. for sth.: make sb. ready for sth. 使做好准备 The doctor prepared my mother for her operation. 医生使我母亲做好接受手术的准备。 Prepare yourselves for a surprise when you go into the room. 你们走进这个房间时，要做好大吃一惊的准备。 3. spread (sth.) to: (cause to) reach sb. or sth. else（使）传播 Firemen succeeded in preventing the fire from spreading to other office buildings. 消 防队员成功地防止了火势蔓延到其他办公楼。 We have been asked to spread the news to all our friends. 有人请我们把消息告诉所 有的朋友。 If you allow the child to attend school he could spread the bad cold to all the other children. 如果你让孩子上学，他可能将重感冒传染给其他孩子。 4. spend sth. on sth./ (in) doing sth. : use time or money for a purpose 在…上花费时间或金钱 The government has been charged with spending too much on the sports buildings. 政府被指 控建造这些体育场馆的费用过高。 This student seems to have spent too much effort on this piece of writing. 这个学生似乎在这篇文章上花的工夫太大了。 You've spent the whole afternoon in digging one small flower garden! 你翻一个小花园的地竟花了一个下午的时间！ He's spent most of his life working for the same company. 他一生的大部分时间都在同一家公司里工作。 5. Character First idea: the idea that character comes first 6. be scheduled to do: be arranged to do 被安排，定于 The train was scheduled to arrive at 10:30. 火车定于 10 点半到达。 The plane is scheduled to take off at 5 pm. 飞机定于下午 5 点起飞。 7. eye: vt. look at sb. or sth. closely 注视，观看，审视 Many people are eyeing the progress of the new project. 许多人在关注着这一新项目的进展
She eyed him with suspicion.她怀疑地看着他。 8. over one' s protest: in spite of ones protest在有异议的情况下 a nuclear plant was built in the area over the farmers' protests.一座核电厂不顾农民的抗议 在这个地区建了起来 9 The nurse gave the boy an injection over his protest.护士不顾男孩的抗议给他打了一针。 As in Maine the quest for truth is also widespread at the school in Connecticut. Para 5 Meaning: The search for truth is prevailing in Maine, and the same thing happens at the school in Connecticut Please note that here"as"is used to compare situations(or sometimes actions) by saying that they are similar. For example In Greece, as in Italy, they use a lot of olive oil in cooking.与在意大利一样,在希腊,人们 做饭时用很多橄榄油。 In1939,asin1914, there was a great surge of patriotic feeling与1914年一样,1939年也 出现了一股狂热的爱国潮。 10. put forth: use, show, or bring sth. such as strength into action utting forth a great effort; he uprooted the tree..他使了很大的劲把树拔了出来。 ll. morals:n. standards or principles of good behaviour道德观念 Western ideas and morals西方理念和道德观 They have no morals.他们没有道德观念 Compare: morale n.士气 he teams morale was high before the match.赛前队员们的士气很高 Low pay in recent years has led to low morale.近年来的低工资导致了 士气低落 12. complete with: including; having as an additional part包括,备有 There is a good hotel not far from the city, complete with swimming pool and garden leading directly to the beach.离城市不远有个很好的旅馆,带有游泳池和通向海滩的花园 Our firemen came, of course, complete with rescue equipment, first aid kit.,etc.当然,消防队 员来了,带有救援器械和医疗急救箱等 13.do/ try one' s utmost: do/ try one' s best竭尽全力 I did my utmost to help.我已尽力帮忙 He will try his utmost to help them by means of his conventional medical knowledge. fAR 力用他所知道的传统医疗知识来帮助他们 14 work out: 1)plan, develop or produce by a process of thought计划,设计,想出 We must work out a better method of saving paper.我们必须想出更好的节省纸张的办法 We'll leave it to the committee to work out the details of the plan.我们将让委员会来制定计划 的具体细节 2) find an answer to sth解决难题,找到.的方法 I'll give you ten minutes to work out the problem.我将给你10分钟时间来解决这一问题。 'e do have trouble in our relationship, but I feel that we can work it out between us without professional help.我们的关系的确有问题,但我想我俩可以解决,不用请专业人士帮忙 15. focus sth.on: concentrate(sth.)on(使)集中于 Please focus your minds on the following problem 请你们聚精会神注意下一个问题
6 She eyed him with suspicion. 她怀疑地看着他。 8. over one's protest: in spite of one's protest 在有异议的情况下 A nuclear plant was built in the area over the farmers' protests. 一座核电厂不顾农民的抗议 在这个地区建了起来。 The nurse gave the boy an injection over his protest. 护士不顾男孩的抗议给他打了一针。 9. As in Maine the quest for truth is also widespread at the school in Connecticut. (Para. 5) Meaning: The search for truth is prevailing in Maine, and the same thing happens at the school in Connecticut. Please note that here “as” is used to compare situations (or sometimes actions) by saying that they are similar. For example: In Greece, as in Italy, they use a lot of olive oil in cooking. 与在意大利一样，在希腊，人们 做饭时用很多橄榄油。 In 1939, as in 1914, there was a great surge of patriotic feeling. 与 1914 年一样，1939 年也 出现了一股狂热的爱国潮。 10. put forth: use, show, or bring sth. such as strength into action Putting forth a great effort, he uprooted the tree. 他使了很大的劲把树拔了出来。 11. morals: n. standards or principles of good behaviour 道德观念 Western ideas and morals 西方理念和道德观 They have no morals. 他们没有道德观念。 *Compare: morale n. 士气 The team's morale was high before the match. 赛前队员们的士气很高。 Low pay in recent years has led to low morale. 近年来的低工资导致了 士气低落。 12. complete with: including; having as an additional part 包括，备有 There is a good hotel not far from the city, complete with swimming pool and garden leading directly to the beach. 离城市不远有个很好的旅馆，带有游泳池和通向海滩的花园。 Our firemen came, of course, complete with rescue equipment, first aid kit, etc. 当然，消防队 员来了，带有救援器械和医疗急救箱等。 13. do / try one's utmost: do / try one’s best 竭尽全力 I did my utmost to help. 我已尽力帮忙。 He will try his utmost to help them by means of his conventional medical knowledge. 他会尽 力用他所知道的传统医疗知识来帮助他们。 14. work out: 1) plan, develop or produce by a process of thought 计划，设计，想出 We must work out a better method of saving paper. 我们必须想出更好的节省纸张的办法。 We’ll leave it to the committee to work out the details of the plan. 我们将让委员会来制定计划 的具体细节。 2) find an answer to sth 解决难题，找到... ...的方法 I'll give you ten minutes to work out the problem. 我将给你 10 分钟时间来解决这一问题。 We do have trouble in our relationship, but I feel that we can work it out between us without professional help. 我们的关系的确有问题，但我想我俩可以解决，不用请专业人士帮忙。 15. focus sth. on: concentrate (sth.) on（使）集中于 Please focus your minds on the following problem. 请你们聚精会神注意下一个问题
We must focus our attention on the question of reducing costs 我们必须把注意力集中在减少费用这个问题上 16. kind of( infml) rather, a little bit有点,有几分 I' m kind of worried about the interview.我对面试有点担心 I' m kind of tired from reading.我读书读得有点累了 Compare: of a kind: 1)very much the same The friends were two of a kind- very similar in so many ways.这对朋友在很多方面都十 分相似。 2)of poor quality The village has a bus service of a kind- two buses a week!这个乡村也算有公共汽车服务 个星期才有两班车。 Compare: a kind of: (infmL )used for describing sth. in a way that is not very clear I had a kind of feeling that something would go wrong.我觉得似乎有什么地方会出问题。 There' s a funny kind of smell in here.这儿有点古怪的气味 IV Writing A Letter to the College President 1.写作模式(分析建议) 1)I am delighted( distressed) to find there have been favorable(unfavorable) changes in (议论的主题) since i came here.2) From my angle of view, these changes indicate that what you have done is in(out of) line with(作者的态度)3) n the long run, they will produce more positive(negative)effect on 4)Such desirable (undesirable) changes can be found in the aspects as follows. 5) First,(分析D)6) Second,(分析I)7 And best( worst)ofal…(分析Ⅲ)8)(进一 步阐述) 9)But all the foregoing does not mean that there is little room for further improvement in.that there is little you can do about.) 10)Instead, to enrich(reverse)., a richer variety ( a better health) can be added to…(建议I)11) And meanwhile,(建议I)12) It should be born in mind that…(结论句) 2.范文 就校园生活的可喜变化给校长写封信 分析该变化表现在哪些方面 提出进一步改进的建议 A Letter to the College President 1)I am delighted to find there have been favorable changes in our campus life since I here. 2)From my angle of view, these changes indicate what you have done is in line with the interests of undergraduates. 3)In the long run, they will produce more positive effect on our growth 4)Such desirable changes can be found in the aspects as follows. 5)First, our dining conditions have turned for the better, thus ending our everyday worry about where to satisfy our hunger. 6)Second, your faculties have paid as much attention to our emotional world as to our intellectual growth, which in turn lends much warmth of family to our life. 7)And best of all,we find the campus a more pleasant place to live on. 8)As a result of your efforts, we now have more places to go to for recreation, such as cafes, net bars, fitness centers and reading rooms
7 We must focus our attention on the question of reducing costs. 我们必须把注意力集中在减少费用这个问题上。 16. kind of: (infml.) rather; a little bit 有点，有几分 I’m kind of worried about the interview. 我对面试有点担心。 I’m kind of tired from reading. 我读书读得有点累了。 Compare: of a kind: 1) very much the same The friends were two of a kind — very similar in so many ways. 这对朋友在很多方面都十 分相似。 2) of poor quality The village has a bus service of a kind — two buses a week! 这个乡村也算有公共汽车服务 ——一个星期才有两班车。 Compare: a kind of: (infml.) used for describing sth. in a way that is not very clear I had a kind of feeling that something would go wrong. 我觉得似乎有什么地方会出问题。 There’s a funny kind of smell in here. 这儿有点古怪的气味。 IV.Writing A Letter to the College President 1. 写作模式（分析建议） 1) I am delighted (distressed) to find there have been favorable(unfavorable) changes in … (议论的主题) since I came here. 2) From my angle of view, these changes indicate that what you have done is in (out of) line with ...(作者的态度) 3)In the long run, they will produce more positive (negative) effect on ... 4) Such desirable (undesirable) changes can be found in the aspects as follows. 5) First, …(分析 I) 6）Second, ... (分析 II) 7) And best(worst) of all, …(分析 III) 8) ... (进一 步阐述) 9) But all the foregoing does not mean that there is little room for further improvement in …(that there is little you can do about …) 10) Instead, to enrich (reverse)…, a richer variety (a better health) can be added to …(建议 I) 11) And meanwhile, ... (建议 II) 12) It should be born in mind that … (结论句) 2. 范文 就校园生活的可喜变化给校长写封信。 分析该变化表现在哪些方面。 提出进一步改进的建议。 A Letter to the College President 1) I am delighted to find there have been favorable changes in our campus life since I came here. 2) From my angle of view, these changes indicate what you have done is in line with the interests of undergraduates. 3) In the long run, they will produce more positive effect on our growth. 4) Such desirable changes can be found in the aspects as follows. 5) First, our dining conditions have turned for the better, thus ending our everyday worry about where to satisfy our hunger. 6) Second, your faculties have paid as much attention to our emotional world as to our intellectual growth, which in turn lends much warmth of family to our life. 7) And best of all, we find the campus a more pleasant place to live on. 8) As a result of your efforts, we now have more places to go to for recreation, such as cafes, net bars, fitness centers and reading rooms
9)But all the foregoing does not mean that there is little room for further improvement in our college life. 10)Instead, to enrich our life here to the fullest, a richer variety should be added our spare time as well as our curriculums. 11)And meanwhile, we should be allowed more access to scientific research, social practice and the frontier of our own fields. 12) It should be born in mind that the purpose of our college to prepare us for the different needs of tomorrow Section b Cultural differences in Western and japanese Decision-Making I. Reading Skills Predicting an Author's Ideas One way to read effectively is to predict. Making predictions or anticipating the writers next oint is an important skill in active reading. Although we may not be able to predict every detail and although a writer may surprise us with unexpected ideas, we can often anticipate the general direction the author is going. Making predictions while you read keeps your mind alert and involved with the passage; it's a way to double-check your comprehension of what you've read so far, and it can be a great aid to understanding what comes next. Take a look at the title of Passage a and think about what the article is possibly about Title of Passage A: Where Principles Come First The passage might be about the following points 1. What are the principles that come first? 2. Why should we put forward the principles first? 3. How are the principles accepted or appreciated or even rejected by some others? 4. Who put forward the principles? 5. Why did he or she put forward the principles? 6. What are the striking characteristics of the person who put forward the principles? 7. Are the principles being beneficial to others? 8. What can we learn from the principles? If we read the passage with care, we can find that the article only deals with some of the questions listed above, not all the questions. This is the process which is going on all the time when we are reading II. Text analysis Part 1(para. 1-3): The author tells us Japanese and westerners differ in the decision-making approach and introduces what the most important thing is in Japan Part 2(para. 4-12) he author describes three or four characteristics of the J environment Part 3(para. 13-17 The author explains that there is a commitment and sense of bility which have not yet been discarded in this
8 9) But all the foregoing does not mean that there is little room for further improvement in our college life. 10) Instead, to enrich our life here to the fullest, a richer variety should be added to our spare time as well as our curriculums. 11) And meanwhile, we should be allowed more access to scientific research, social practice and the frontier of our own fields. 12) It should be born in mind that the purpose of our college life is to prepare us for the different needs of tomorrow’s society. Section B Cultural Differences in Western and Japanese Decision-Making I. Reading Skills Predicting an Author’s Ideas One way to read effectively is to predict. Making predictions or anticipating the writer’s next point is an important skill in active reading. Although we may not be able to predict every detail and although a writer may surprise us with unexpected ideas, we can often anticipate the general direction the author is going. Making predictions while you read keeps your mind alert and involved with the passage; it’s a way to double-check your comprehension of what you’ve read so far, and it can be a great aid to understanding what comes next. Take a look at the title of Passage A and think about what the article is possibly about: Title of Passage A: Where Principles Come First The passage might be about the following points: 1. What are the principles that come first? 2. Why should we put forward the principles first? 3. How are the principles accepted or appreciated or even rejected by some others? 4. Who put forward the principles? 5. Why did he or she put forward the principles? 6. What are the striking characteristics of the person who put forward the principles? 7. Are the principles being beneficial to others? 8. What can we learn from the principles? If we read the passage with care, we can find that the article only deals with some of the questions listed above, not all the questions. This is the process which is going on all the time when we are reading something with active understanding II. Text Analysis Part 1 (para.1-3): The author tells us Japanese and westerners differ in the decision-making approach and introduces what the most important thing is in Japan. Part 2 (para. 4-12): The author describes three or four characteristics of the Japanese environment . Part 3 (para. 13-17): The author explains that there is a commitment and sense of responsibility which have not yet been discarded in this age of machines and
examples are given to illustrate the idea Ill. Language points 1. complex a. made up of several connected parts and often difficult to understand complicated难以理解的,复杂的 a complex system of management复杂的管理制度 You can,'t expect to find a simple solution when the problem is so complex.问题如此复 杂时,不能指望有简单的解决方法 n. 1)a group or set of things, esp. buildings, designed for a particular purpose a shopping complex购物中心 a sports complex体育馆 2)a mental problem that causes sb. to worry or be upset about sth an inferiority complex自卑情结 He' s got a complex about his height.他为自己的身高而烦恼 2. superior a. l). better, stronger,etc. than sb/sth.else优于,强于 The match will show who is the superior player 这场比赛将表明哪个球员更优秀 2) better than average优良的,卓越的 We chose her for the job because she was superior 我们选她做这份工作是因为她很优秀。 Our school provides a superior education我们学校提供优质教育。 3). of higher rank or class(在职位、地位方面)较高的 I'll report you to your superior class我要向你的上级告你 He works well with those superior to him in the firm 他和公司里的上司合作愉快 n.C] a person of higher rank,esp. in a job上级,上司 have to ask my superiors about that.那事我得问一下我的上级 Mr Ford is my immediate superior.福特先生是我的顶头上司。 3. conser n.[C, U(usu sing. ) generally accepted opinion or decision among a group of people共同看法,(意见等的)一致 There is no consensus among the experts on some foods. Advice changes depending on whom you listen to专家们对某些食物的看法并不一致。各有各的说法,要看你听谁的。 The consensus in the office is that he s useless at his job 办公室成员一致认为他在工作中碌碌无为 4. ministry n.[C] a department of the government(政府的)部 the Ministry of Defense国防部 the Ministry of Agriculture农业部 the Ministry of Education教育部 the Ministry of Finance财政部 The army, navy and air force are all controlled by the ministry of Defense. Fti 海、空三军由国防部指挥 5. consult vt.D). go to sb. for information, advice,etc.请教,咨询,找……商量 I'm going to consult my best friend on the matter 这件事我要征求我最好的朋友的意见
9 examples are given to illustrate the idea. III. Language Points Part One: New words 1. complex a. made up of several connected parts and often difficult to understand; complicated 难以理解的，复杂的 a complex system of management 复杂的管理制度 You can't expect to find a simple solution when the problem is so complex. 问题如此复 杂时，不能指望有简单的解决方法。 n. 1) a group or set of things, esp. buildings, designed for a particular purpose a shopping complex 购物中心 a sports complex 体育馆 2) a mental problem that causes sb. to worry or be upset about sth. an inferiority complex 自卑情结 He’s got a complex about his height. 他为自己的身高而烦恼。 2. superior a. 1). better, stronger, etc. than sb./sth. else 优于，强于 The match will show who is the superior player. 这场比赛将表明哪个球员更优秀。 2). better than average 优良的，卓越的 We chose her for the job because she was superior. 我们选她做这份工作是因为她很优秀。 Our school provides a superior education.我们学校提供优质教育。 3). of higher rank or class（在职位、地位方面）较高的 I'll report you to your superior class.我要向你的上级告你！ He works well with those superior to him in the firm. 他和公司里的上司合作愉快。 n. [C] a person of higher rank, esp. in a job 上级，上司 I'll have to ask my superiors about that. 那事我得问一下我的上级。 Mr. Ford is my immediate superior. 福特先生是我的顶头上司。 3. consensus n. [C, U] (usu. sing.) generally accepted opinion or decision among a group of people 共同看法，（意见等的）一致 There is no consensus among the experts on some foods. Advice changes depending on whom you listen to.专家们对某些食物的看法并不一致。各有各的说法，要看你听谁的。 The consensus in the office is that he's useless at his job. 办公室成员一致认为他在工作中碌碌无为。 4. ministry n. [C] a department of the government(政府的)部 the Ministry of Defense 国防部 the Ministry of Agriculture 农业部 the Ministry of Education 教育部 the Ministry of Finance 财政部 The army, navy and air force are all controlled by the Ministry of Defense. 陆、 海、空三军由国防部指挥。 5. consult vt. 1). go to sb. for information, advice, etc. 请教，咨询，找……商量 I'm going to consult my best friend on the matter. 这件事我要征求我最好的朋友的意见
Have you consulted your doctor about your illness? 关于你的病情,你找你的医生看过吗? 2) go to a book,ete. for information查阅,查看 Most of my students are able to consult English dictionaries for unknown words.我的大部分学生能够用英语词典查找生词。 vi exchange opinion, information,etc. with a person交换意见,商议 He consulted with his partners before taking action 他行动前和合伙人进行了协商。 consultation n.会议,请教,咨询 consultant n.咨询者,顾问,贡献意见的专家,顾问医师 6. delicate a1). showing or needing skill巧妙的,需技巧的,敏感的 The pay negotiations have reached a delicate stage 工资谈判到了一个敏感的阶段 2) needing careful treatment; easily damaged易损的,娇嫩的 I'm not going to let anyone else pack my china; it's much too delicate.我不打算让 其他任何人来为我的瓷器打包,它太精致易碎了 3)美味的 delicacy n.细致,优美,敏感,关心,虚弱;美味 7. owing a(esp of money that has been earned, lent or promised) not yet paid 应付的,未付的 We have several hundred pounds owing on our car.我们的车还欠几百英镑未付清。 I,ve got $50 owing to me for a job I did last month.上个月我做了份工作,还有50美元没 付我呢 8. successive a. coming one after the other in a series继续的,连续的 The school has won five successive games.这个学校连续获得五场比赛的胜利 It was the team's third successive defeat and their fourth defeat infive matches.这是该队连续第 三次失败,也是五次比赛中的第四次失败。 succession n.连续,继承权,继承者 successor n.继承人,后继者,接任者,接班人 1).[U] the amount of sth.量,份量,额 The volume of book sales increased by6.4% in Britain in the year to October.这一年到10月 份英国的书籍销售额增长了64% During the holiday season the post office handles a tremendous volume of mail.每逢假期,邮 局要处理大量的邮件。 2).(C] one in a set of related books(书的)卷,册 The library contains over a million volumes.该图书馆有一百多万册藏书 3). [U] the level of sound made by a TV, radio,etc音量,响度 Could you turn the volume down, please, I'm trying to sleer 请你把音量关小点好吗?我想要睡觉了 He likes to listen to music with the radio turned on at full volume 他听音乐时喜欢将收音机的音量开到最大。 4)U体积,容积,容量 He calculated the volume of the sphere.他计算了这一球体的体积。 10
10 Have you consulted your doctor about your illness? 关于你的病情，你找你的医生看过吗？ 2). go to a book, etc. for information 查阅，查看 Most of my students are able to consult English dictionaries for unknown words. 我的大部分学生能够用英语词典查找生词。 vi. exchange opinion, information, etc. with a person 交换意见，商议 He consulted with his partners before taking action. 他行动前和合伙人进行了协商。 consultation n. 会议，请教，咨询 consultant n. 咨询者，顾问，贡献意见的专家，顾问医师 6. delicate a. 1). showing or needing skill 巧妙的，需技巧的，敏感的 The pay negotiations have reached a delicate stage. 工资谈判到了一个敏感的阶段。 2). needing careful treatment; easily damaged 易损的，娇嫩的 I'm not going to let anyone else pack my china; it's much too delicate. 我不打算让 其他任何人来为我的瓷器打包，它太精致易碎了。 3). 美味的 delicacy n. 细致，优美，敏感，关心，虚弱；美味 7. owing a. (esp. of money that has been earned, lent or promised) not yet paid 应付的，未付的 We have several hundred pounds owing on our car. 我们的车还欠几百英镑未付清。 I've got $50 owing to me for a job I did last month. 上个月我做了份工作，还有 50 美元没 付我呢。 8. successive a. coming one after the other in a series 继续的，连续的 The school has won five successive games.这个学校连续获得五场比赛的胜利。 It was the team's third successive defeat and their fourth defeat infive matches. 这是该队连续第 三次失败，也是五次比赛中的第四次失败。 succession n. 连续，继承权，继承者 successor n. 继承人，后继者，接任者，接班人 9. volume n. 1). [U] the amount of sth. 量，份量，额 The volume of book sales increased by 6.4% in Britain in the year to October. 这一年到 10 月 份英国的书籍销售额增长了 6.4%。 During the holiday season the post office handles a tremendous volume of mail. 每逢假期，邮 局要处理大量的邮件。 2). [C] one in a set of related books（书的）卷，册 The library contains over a million volumes. 该图书馆有一百多万册藏书。 3). [U] the level of sound made by a TV, radio, etc.音量，响度 Could you turn the volume down, please, I'm trying to sleep. 请你把音量关小点好吗？我想要睡觉了。 He likes to listen to music with the radio turned on at full volume. 他听音乐时喜欢将收音机的音量开到最大。 4). [U] 体积，容积，容量 He calculated the volume of the sphere. 他计算了这一球体的体积