Unit 4 Section A Five Famous Symbols of American Culture I Background Knowledge 1. the Statue of Liberty The idea of creating the Statue of liberty began in France at a dinner party hosted by Edouard Rene lefebvre Laboulaye, a scholar. Laboulaye and Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi,a sculptor, began to discuss the idea of presenting the United States with a monument to memorialize independence and human liber Bartholdi sailed from France to New York on June 8, 1871, to propose the building of the statue to honor the friendship between France and the United States. As the ship pulled into New York Harbor, Bartholdi spotted the perfect location, Liberty Island The internal framework of the Statue of liberty was designed by Alexandre Gustave Eiffel who later designed the Eiffel Tower in Paris. The outer skin, made from sheets of copper, was the work of the French sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi. First built in France, it was taken apart and shipped to New York in 1885 2. Barbie Dolls It was the late 1950s when Ruth Handler noticed her daughter playing with paper dolls and magining them in grown-up roles. Since most dolls at the time were baby dolls, Ruth envisioned one that would inspire little girls to think about what they wanted to be when they grew up. Ruth created a teenager fashion model doll named Barbie(after her daughter), and the rest is history Barbie has been an integral part of the lives of millions of young girls. Her timeless appeal has resulted in a dedicated legion of fans that love to collect her 3. The Mattel Toy Company Mattel is the worldwide leader in the design, manufacture, and marketing of toy products The company's core brands include Barbie, Hot Wheels, Matchbox, Fisher-Price, and American Girl. With headquarters in El Segundo, California, Mattel has offices and facilities in 36 countries and sells its products in more than 150 nations throughout the world 4. American Gothic Wood intended the couple to represent a typical small resident and his daughter. but most interpret them as man and wife. Since completion, Grant Woods 1930 painting American Gothic has become a critically acclaimed work that continues to enjoy enormous popularity. It also has become an american icon and is the model for a countless number of commercial art parodies, such as posters, cards, and souvenirs. The painting hangs in the Art Institute of Chicago 5. Buffalo nickel In 1911 sculptor James Earl Fraser began designing the"Buffalo"nickel. Fraser said the portrait on the"heads "side was a composite of three American Indians-lron Tail, Big Tree and Two Moons. The model for the "tail,s side of the coin was none other than black diamond the most contrary animal in New York's Bronx Zoo 6. New York City's Central Park Central Park was the first landscaped public park in the United States. Advocates of creating
1 Unit 4 Section A Five Famous Symbols of American Culture I. Background Knowledge 1. the Statue of Liberty The idea of creating the Statue of Liberty began in France at a dinner party hosted by Edouard Rene Lefebvre Laboulaye, a scholar. Laboulaye and Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi, a sculptor, began to discuss the idea of presenting the United States with a monument to memorialize independence and human liberty. Bartholdi sailed from France to New York on June 8, 1871, to propose the building of the statue to honor the friendship between France and the United States. As the ship pulled into New York Harbor, Bartholdi spotted the perfect location, Liberty Island The internal framework of the Statue of Liberty was designed by Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, who later designed the Eiffel Tower in Paris. The outer skin, made from sheets of copper, was the work of the French sculptor Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi. First built in France, it was taken apart and shipped to New York in 1885. 2. Barbie Dolls It was the late 1950s when Ruth Handler noticed her daughter playing with paper dolls and imagining them in grown-up roles. Since most dolls at the time were baby dolls, Ruth envisioned one that would inspire little girls to think about what they wanted to be when they grew up. Ruth created a teenager fashion model doll named Barbie (after her daughter), and the rest is history. Barbie has been an integral part of the lives of millions of young girls. Her timeless appeal has resulted in a dedicated legion of fans that love to collect her. 3. The Mattel Toy Company Mattel is the worldwide leader in the design, manufacture, and marketing of toy products. The company’s core brands include Barbie, Hot Wheels, Matchbox, Fisher-Price, and American Girl. With headquarters in El Segundo, California, Mattel has offices and facilities in 36 countries and sells its products in more than 150 nations throughout the world. 4. American Gothic Wood intended the couple to represent a typical small town resident and his daughter, but most interpret them as man and wife. Since completion, Grant Wood’s 1930 painting American Gothic has become a critically acclaimed work that continues to enjoy enormous popularity. It also has become an American icon and is the model for a countless number of commercial art parodies, such as posters, cards, and souvenirs. The painting hangs in the Art Institute of Chicago. 5. Buffalo nickel In 1911 sculptor James Earl Fraser began designing the “Buffalo” nickel. Fraser said the portrait on the “head’s” side was a composite of three American Indians — Iron Tail, Big Tree and Two Moons. The model for the “tail’s” side of the coin was none other than Black Diamond, the most contrary animal in New York’s Bronx Zoo. 6. New York City’s Central Park Central Park was the first landscaped public park in the United States. Advocates of creating
the park primarily wealthy merchants and landowners- admired the public grounds of London and Paris and urged that New York needed a comparable facility to establish its international reputation. a public park, they argued, would offer their own families an attractive setting for carriage rides and provide working-class New Yorkers with a healthy alternative to the aloon. After three years of debate over the park site and cost, in 1853 the state legislature authorized the City of New York to use the power of eminent domain to acquire more than 700 acres of land in the center of manhattan 7. Uncle sam The prevailing theory is that Uncle Sam was named after Samuel Wilson. Wilson was born in Arlington, Mass, on September 13, 1766. His childhood home was in Mason, New Hampshire In 1789, he and his brother Ebenezer walked to Troy, New York. Samuel Wilson died in 1854.His grave is in the Oakwood Cemetery in Troy During the War of 1812, Wilson was in business of slaughtering and packing meat. He provided large shipments of meat to the US Army, in barrels that were stamped with the initials US". Supposedly, someone who saw the"US" stamp suggested-perhaps as a joke--- that the initials stood for"Uncle Sam"Wilson. The suggestion that the meat shipments came from Uncle Sam"led to the idea that Uncle Sam symbolized the federal government The single most famous portrait of Uncle Sam is the "I WANT YOU Army recruiting poster from World War I. The poster was painted by James Montgomery Flagg in 1916-1917 II. Text Analysis The overall structure of the passage is listing: the author listed five famous symbo merican culture. Each symbol is parallel to another or there is a matching relationship between the symbols. The five symbols are put together to support the central topic of the reading passage---Five Famous Symbols of American Culture The passage is a narration about five famous symbols of American culture, telling us the historical background of the well-known symbols. For each part of the passage, the author centers on one specific symbol, dealing with it from different aspects such as who created, what the creator was, how he created, when, and how the symbol was accepted, etc. One of the threads that can not escape our attention is that the author always tries to present the story according to the time sequence For example: The Statue of Liberty( Para 1-Para 4) Who created the Statue of liberty and what was he? When? What is the purpose to create the statue? What do we know about the creator? How did he create the statue of liberty? when did the creator finish the statue? How did he like the statue? From the answers to the proposed questions, the readers can have a clear idea ab of Liberty The time markers used in dealing with the first symbol In the mid-1870s, at the same time; in 1876 that same year; in 1886 Part One(Paral-4)The Statue of Liberty Part Two(Para5-10) Barbie Dol Part Three(Para 11-14) American Gothic Part Four(Para15-18)The Buffalo Nickel Part Five(Paral9-22)Uncle Sam
2 the park — primarily wealthy merchants and landowners — admired the public grounds of London and Paris and urged that New York needed a comparable facility to establish its international reputation. A public park, they argued, would offer their own families an attractive setting for carriage rides and provide working-class New Yorkers with a healthy alternative to the saloon. After three years of debate over the park site and cost, in 1853 the state legislature authorized the City of New York to use the power of eminent domain to acquire more than 700 acres of land in the center of Manhattan. 7. Uncle Sam The prevailing theory is that Uncle Sam was named after Samuel Wilson. Wilson was born in Arlington, Mass., on September 13, 1766. His childhood home was in Mason, New Hampshire. In 1789, he and his brother Ebenezer walked to Troy, New York. Samuel Wilson died in 1854. His grave is in the Oakwood Cemetery in Troy. During the War of 1812, Wilson was in business of slaughtering and packing meat. He provided large shipments of meat to the US Army, in barrels that were stamped with the initials “US”. Supposedly, someone who saw the “US” stamp suggested—perhaps as a joke--- that the initials stood for “Uncle Sam” Wilson. The suggestion that the meat shipments came from “Uncle Sam” led to the idea that Uncle Sam symbolized the federal government. The single most famous portrait of Uncle Sam is the “I WANT YOU” Army recruiting poster from World War I. The poster was painted by James Montgomery Flagg in 1916-1917. II. Text Analysis The overall structure of the passage is listing: the author listed five famous symbols of American culture. Each symbol is parallel to another or there is a matching relationship between the symbols. The five symbols are put together to support the central topic of the reading passage---Five Famous Symbols of American Culture. The passage is a narration about five famous symbols of American culture, telling us the historical background of the well-known symbols. For each part of the passage, the author centers on one specific symbol, dealing with it from different aspects such as who created, what the creator was, how he created, when, and how the symbol was accepted, etc. One of the threads that can not escape our attention is that the author always tries to present the story according to the time sequence. For example: The Statue of Liberty ( Para 1—Para 4) Who created the Statue of Liberty and what was he? When? What is the purpose to create the statue? What do we know about the creator? How did he create the Statue of Liberty? When did the creator finish the statue? How did he like the statue? From the answers to the proposed questions, the readers can have a clear idea about the Statue of Liberty. The time markers used in dealing with the first symbol: In the mid-1870s; at the same time; in 1876; that same year; in 1886 Part One (Para1-4) The Statue of Liberty. Part Two (Para5-10) Barbie Doll Part Three (Para 11-14) American Gothic Part Four (Para15-18) The Buffalo Nickel Part Five (Para19-22) Uncle Sam
III. Language Points 1. In the mid-1870s, French artist Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was working on an enormous project called Liberty Enlightening the World,.(Para. 2) enlighten: vt. give sb. more information about sth. so that he or she knows the truth to cause to understand deeply and clearly, esp. by making free from false beliefs A few devoted doctors have fought for years to enlighten the profession 些富有献身精神的医生奋斗了多年来发展这一专业 Peter thought the world was flat until I enlightened him! 在我给他讲明白以前,彼得以为地球是扁的 work on: have sth as the subject of thought or effort We are working on the preparation of our 20th reunion after graduation 我们正忙于准备毕业后二十年的聚会。 The scientists are still working on inventing new methods of reaching outer space. 科学家们还在努力研发到达外层空间的新办法。 2.... a monument celebrating US independence and the French-America alliance.( Para 2) monument:n a building or statue that is built to remind people of a famous person or event the monument to the people,s heroes 人民英雄纪念碑 This statue is a monument to one of our greatest statesmen 这座塑像是我国一位伟大政治家的纪念碑 Ince a close agreement or connection made between countries, groups, families, etc for a shared purpose or for the protection of their interests The two countries entered into a defensive alliance with each other 这两个国家订立了防御联盟。 the country's military alliance with France 该国与法国在军事上结成的联盟 3. His mother could not approve of her sons affection for a woman she had never met, 2 Meaning his mother was not pleased that her son loved a woman she had never known, approve: v accept, permit or officially agree to: ratify The city council approved the building plans 市议会批准了这项建筑计划 approve of: to have a favorable opinion, esp, of a course of action or type of behavior; regard as His parents did not approve of his leaving school early 他的父母不赞同他这么早就离开学校。 4. That same year Bartholdi had assembled the statue's right arm and torch, and displayed them in Philadelphia Meaning: In the same year when he got married, Berthold had put the statue's right arm and torch together, and then showed them in Philadelphia. assemble: v. 1) fit the parts of sth together We spent all day trying to assemble our new bookshelf. 我们用了一整天来安装新书架
3 III. Language Points 1. In the mid-1870s, French artist Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was working on an enormous project called Liberty Enlightening the World,…(Para.2) enlighten : vt. give sb. more information about sth. so that he or she knows the truth to cause to understand deeply and clearly, esp. by making free from false beliefs A few devoted doctors have fought for years to enlighten the profession. 一些富有献身精神的医生奋斗了多年来发展这一专业。 Peter thought the world was flat until I enlightened him! 在我给他讲明白以前，彼得以为地球是扁的。 work on: have sth as the subject of thought or effort We are working on the preparation of our 20 th reunion after graduation. 我们正忙于准备毕业后二十年的聚会。 The scientists are still working on inventing new methods of reaching outer space. 科学家们还在努力研发到达外层空间的新办法。 2．…a monument celebrating US independence and the French-America alliance. (Para 2) monument: n. a building or statue that is built to remind people of a famous person or event the Monument to the People’s Heroes 人民英雄纪念碑 This statue is a monument to one of our greatest statesmen. 这座塑像是我国一位伟大政治家的纪念碑。 alliance: n. a close agreement or connection made between countries, groups, families, etc. for a shared purpose or for the protection of their interests The two countries entered into a defensive alliance with each other. 这两个国家订立了防御联盟。 the country’s military alliance with France 该国与法国在军事上结成的联盟 3. His mother could not approve of her son’s affection for a woman she had never met, … (Para.2) Meaning : his mother was not pleased that her son loved a woman she had never known,… approve: v. accept, permit or officially agree to: ratify The city council approved the building plans.’ 市议会批准了这项建筑计划。 approve of: to have a favorable opinion, esp, of a course of action or type of behavior; regard as good, right, sensible, etc. His parents did not approve of his leaving school early. 他的父母不赞同他这么早就离开学校。 4. That same year Bartholdi had assembled the statue’s right arm and torch, and displayed them in Philadelphia. Meaning: In the same year when he got married, Bertholdi had put the statue’s right arm and torch together, and then showed them in Philadelphia. assemble: v. 1) fit the parts of sth. together We spent all day trying to assemble our new bookshelf. 我们用了一整天来安装新书架
2)come together in a group; gather or collect I've assembled all the information I need for my essay 我收集了写那篇论文所需要的所有信息 The leaders assembled in Peking for the meetin 领导们聚集在北京开会 5. He needed someone whose face represented suffering yet strength, someone more severe than beautiful. ( Para. 3) Meaning: He needed someone whose face showed that she had suffered a lot but remained strong, someone who looked more plain than attractive 6. The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on an island in Upper New York Bay in 1886 Para 4 Note that October 28. 1 886 was declared to allow americans to celebrate the statue's unveiling. More than I million people lined the streets for a parade 7. Ruth came up with the idea for Barbie after watching her daughter play with paper dolls(Para Meaning: Ruth had an idea of making barbie dolls after she had watched her daughter Barbara play with dolls come up with: find or produce(an answer, a solution, etc. Scientists have come up with new ways of saving energy 科学家们找到了节省能源的新途径 The airline has come up with a novel solution to the problem of jet-lag 这家航空公司想出一个新办法来解决乘客长途飞行后因时差引起生理失调的问题 8 .a joke gift adults described as having the appearance of"a woman who sold sex".(Para. 7) Meaning:. a gift for adults which is intended as a joke and which is described as having the appearance of a woman who sold sex" 9. Mattel refashioned the doll into a decent, all-American---although with an exaggerated breast size--- version and named it after Barbara, who was then a Meaning: Mattel Toy Company changed the doll into a model that was respectable, purely American, yet with big breasts, and named the new-born doll after Barbara, who was ust a teenager at that time version n.I) a slightly different form,copy, or style of an article(同一种物件稍有不同的) 样式,型号,复制件 This dress is a cheaper version of the one we saw in that shop 这件衣服同我们在那家商店看到的一样,但它是比较便宜的一种 2)one person's account of an event, esp. as compared with that of another person (某人对某一事件的)说法,描述 The two drivers gave different versions of the accident 两个司机对事故的说法不同。 3) a form of a written or musical work that exists in more than one form(书面作 品或音乐作品的)版本;改编本 an English version of a German play德文剧本的英译本 name sb /sth. after sb. give sb /sth. the name of sb. as an honor This bridge is named after the designer
4 2) come together in a group; gather or collect I’ve assembled all the information I need for my essay. 我收集了写那篇论文所需要的所有信息。 The leaders assembled in Peking for the meeting. 领导们聚集在北京开会。 5. He needed someone whose face represented suffering yet strength, someone more severe than beautiful.(Para. 3) Meaning: He needed someone whose face showed that she had suffered a lot but remained strong, someone who looked more plain than attractive. 6. The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on an island in Upper New York Bay in 1886. (Para.4) Note that October28, 1886 was declared to allow Americans to celebrate the statue’s unveiling. More than 1 million people lined the streets for a parade. 7. Ruth came up with the idea for Barbie after watching her daughter play with paper dolls (Para. 7) Meaning: Ruth had an idea of making Barbie dolls after she had watched her daughter Barbara play with paper dolls. come up with: find or produce (an answer, a solution, etc.) Scientists have come up with new ways of saving energy. 科学家们找到了节省能源的新途径。 The airline has come up with a novel solution to the problem of jet-lag. 这家航空公司想出一个新办法来解决乘客长途飞行后因时差引起生理失调的问题。 8. …a joke gift adults described as having the appearance of “a woman who sold sex”. (Para. 7) Meaning: … a gift for adults which is intended as a joke and which is described as having the appearance of “a woman who sold sex”. 9. Mattel refashioned the doll into a decent, all-American--- although with an exaggerated breast size--- version and named it after Barbara, who was then a teenager. Meaning: Mattel Toy Company changed the doll into a model that was respectable, purely American, yet with big breasts, and named the new-born doll after Barbara, who was just a teenager at that time. version n. 1) a slightly different form, copy, or style of an article （同一种物件稍有不同的） 样式，型号，复制件 This dress is a cheaper version of the one we saw in that shop. 这件衣服同我们在那家商店看到的一样，但它是比较便宜的一种。 2) one person’s account of an event, esp. as compared with that of another person （某人对某一事件的）说法，描述； The two drivers gave different versions of the accident. 两个司机对事故的说法不同。 3) a form of a written or musical work that exists in more than one form （书面作 品或音乐作品的）版本；改编本； an English version of a German play 德文剧本的英译本 name sb./sth. after sb.: give sb./sth. the name of sb. as an honor This bridge is named after the designer
这座桥是以设计师的名字命名的。 10. Now more than sixty years old, Barbara-who declined interview but is said to have loved the Meaning: Barbara, who is now more than sixty years old and who refuses interviews but is said to have loved the doll, is probably the most famous person in the world with her real cing unknow I1.. with his painting American Gothic, an often copied interpretation of the solemn pride of American farmers.(Para. 12) solemn: a. 1)done, made, etc. seriously; having a sense of religious-like importance a solemn statement庄严的声明 a solemn warning严正的警告 2)serious-looking; grave put on a solemn face板起脸孔 Her solemn face told them that the news was bad 她严肃的表情告诉他们那是坏消息 12.., but the faces in his composition were what captured the worlds attention. Para 12) Meaning:.. but the faces in his painting were the most attractive capture one's attention: draw one's attention; be attractive to someone 13. He stretched the models' necks a bit, but there was no doubt who posed for the portrait. ( Para. 13) Meaning: He made the models'necks a bit longer in the painting, but doubtlessly people would know who was sitting for the painting stretch: v. 1)to(cause to )become wider or longer I tried stretching the shoes, but still my feet wouldn't fit into them 我试着把鞋撑大一点,可脚还是伸不进去。 2)to cause to reach full length or width He stretched out his arm to try and reach the apple 他伸出手臂设法拿到那只苹果 3)to spread out in space or time The desert stretched away into the distance/as far as the eye could see 沙漠一直延伸到远方:沙漠一望无际 14. Nan later remarked that the fame she gained from American Gothic saved her from a very boring life. ( Para. 14) Meaning: Nan said later that the painting American Gothic helped her come to fame and prevented her from living a dull life 15. But the Buffalo nickel, produced from 1913 to 1938, honored a pair of connected tragedies from the settlement of the american frontier --- the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American Indians. (Para. 16) Meaning: But the Buffalo nickel, which was produced from 1913 to 1938, honored two tragedies--- the killing of the buffalo herds and the destruction of the american Indians--- which were closely connected and took place as the result of the settlement of the american frontier settlement: n 1)the movement of a new population into a place to live there
5 这座桥是以设计师的名字命名的。 10. Now more than sixty years old, Barbara—who declined interview but is said to have loved the doll--- may be the most famous unknown figure on the planet. (Para. 9) Meaning: Barbara, who is now more than sixty years old and who refuses interviews but is said to have loved the doll, is probably the most famous person in the world with her real name being unknown. 11. …with his painting American Gothic, an often copied interpretation of the solemn pride of American farmers. (Para. 12) solemn: a. 1) done, made, etc. seriously; having a sense of religious-like importance a solemn statement 庄严的声明 a solemn warning 严正的警告 2) serious-looking ; grave put on a solemn face 板起脸孔 Her solemn face told them that the news was bad .她严肃的表情告诉他们那是坏消息。 12. … but the faces in his composition were what captured the world’s attention.(Para.12) Meaning: … but the faces in his painting were the most attractive. capture one’s attention: draw one’s attention; be attractive to someone 13. He stretched the models’ necks a bit, but there was no doubt who posed for the portrait. (Para.13) Meaning: He made the models’ necks a bit longer in the painting, but doubtlessly people would know who was sitting for the painting. stretch: v. 1) to (cause to ) become wider or longer I tried stretching the shoes, but still my feet wouldn’t fit into them. 我试着把鞋撑大一点， 可脚还是伸不进去。 2) to cause to reach full length or width He stretched out his arm to try and reach the apple. 他伸出手臂设法拿到那只苹果。 3) to spread out in space or time The desert stretched away into the distance/as far as the eye could see. 沙漠一直延伸到远方；沙漠一望无际。 14. Nan later remarked that the fame she gained from American Gothic saved her from a very boring life. (Para. 14) Meaning: Nan said later that the painting American Gothic helped her come to fame and prevented her from living a dull life. 15. But the Buffalo nickel, produced from 1913 to 1938, honored a pair of connected tragedies from the settlement of the American frontier--- the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American Indians. (Para. 16) Meaning: But the Buffalo nickel, which was produced from 1913 to 1938, honored two tragedies--- the killing of the buffalo herds and the destruction of the American Indians--- which were closely connected and took place as the result of the settlement of the American frontier. settlement: n 1) the movement of a new population into a place to live there
the settlement of the american West.往美国西部的移民 the settlement of the immigrants移民的拓居 2)an agreement, usu. official, that ends an argument; the act of reaching this kind of agreement The strike lasted for several weeks until a settlement was reached 罢工持续了几周,直到达成协议为止。 Our objective must be to secure a peace settlement 我们的目标必须是确保达成和平协议 16. While white people had previously been used as models for most American coins, famed artist James Earle Fraser went against tradition by using three actual American Indians as models for his creation Meaning: In the previous years coin makers had used white people as models for most American coins. In contrast james earle fraser who was a famous artist. broke this tradition and used three actual American Indians as models for his creation. (One was two Moons of the Cheyenne, the second was Iron Tail of the Sioux, and the thirds identity was uncertain but may have been Big Tree of the Kiowa. 17. For the buffalo on the other side since buffalo no longer wandered about the grasslands, Fraser was forced to sketch an aging buffalo from New York City's Central Park Zoo. Para. 18) Meaning: In order to have the buffalo for the other side of the coin, Fraser had to go to New York City's Central Park Zoo and draw a picture of an aging buffalo, because buffalo no longer wandered the great grasslands. Their number was severely reduced 18. Wilson gained a position inspecting meat for US Army forces, Meaning: Wilson got a job, which is examining meat for US Army forces 19 .. working with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the contract: n. a legal document that states and explains a formal agreement between two different people or groups a temporary contract临时合同 They signed a three-year contract with a major record company 他们与一家大唱片公司签了三年合同 v 1)make a written legal agreement with sb. to do sth or to have sb. work for a certain party Her firm has been contracted to supply all the furniture for the new building 她的公司签了合同,为新建大楼提供所用家具 2)get an illness or disease He contracted aids from a blood transfusion.他因输血染上了艾滋病。 3)become or make sth. smaller or shorter Metals contract as they cool.金属遇冷收缩。 20 Barrels of meat supplied to the army were stamped "EA--US", identifying the company(EA) and country of origin(US). (Para. 21) Meaning: The letters of"EA-US' were stamped on all barrels of meat that were supplied to the US Army, with Ea standing for the company that supplied the meat and US standing for the country where the meat was made his form evolving from an earlier cartoon character called brother Jonathan that was
6 the settlement of the American West. 往美国西部的移民 the settlement of the immigrants 移民的拓居 2) an agreement , usu. official, that ends an argument; the act of reaching this kind of agreement The strike lasted for several weeks until a settlement was reached. 罢工持续了几周，直到达成协议为止。 Our objective must be to secure a peace settlement. 我们的目标必须是确保达成和平协议。 16. While white people had previously been used as models for most American coins, famed artist James Earle Fraser went against tradition by using three actual American Indians as models for his creation. Meaning: In the previous years coin makers had used white people as models for most American coins. In contrast, James Earle Fraser, who was a famous artist, broke this tradition and used three actual American Indians as models for his creation. (One was Two Moons of the Cheyenne, the second was Iron Tail of the Sioux, and the third’s identity was uncertain but may have been Big Tree of the Kiowa.) 17. For the buffalo on the other side, since buffalo no longer wandered about the grasslands, Fraser was forced to sketch an aging buffalo from New York City’s Central Park Zoo. (Para. 18) Meaning: In order to have the buffalo for the other side of the coin, Fraser had to go to New York City’s Central Park Zoo and draw a picture of an aging buffalo, because buffalo no longer wandered the great grasslands. ( Their number was severely reduced.) 18.Wilson gained a position inspecting meat for US Army forces, … Meaning: Wilson got a job, which is examining meat for US Army forces… 19. … working with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the army. contract: n. a legal document that states and explains a formal agreement between two different people or groups. a temporary contract 临时合同 They signed a three-year contract with a major record company. 他们与一家大唱片公司签了三年合同。 v. 1) make a written legal agreement with sb. to do sth. or to have sb. work for a certain party Her firm has been contracted to supply all the furniture for the new building . 她的公司签了合同，为新建大楼提供所用家具。 2) get an illness or disease He contracted AIDS from a blood transfusion. 他因输血染上了艾滋病。 3) become or make sth. smaller or shorter Metals contract as they cool. 金属遇冷收缩。 20. Barrels of meat supplied to the army were stamped “EA--US”, identifying the company (EA) and country of origin (US). (Para. 21) Meaning: The letters of “EA-US’ were stamped on all barrels of meat that were supplied to the US Army, with EA standing for the company that supplied the meat and US standing for the country where the meat was made. 21. … his form evolving from an earlier cartoon character called Brother Jonathan that was
popular during the American Revolution.(Para. 22) Meaning:. the figure of Uncle Sam in the political cartoons developed from an earlier cartoon character called Brother Jonathan that was popular during the American Revolution evolve from to develop gradually by a long continuous pro Some people believe that we evolved from the apes 有些人认为我们是从类人猿逐渐演变成的 The British political system has evolved over several centuries 英国的政制经过了数百年的发展 22 .. in his famous army recruiting posters of World Wars I and ll.(Para. 22) Meaning:. in his famous posters that tried to get young men to join the US Army during World War i and World War ll recruit: vt persuade sb. to become a new member of an organization, esp the army The state is recruiting young people to the teaching professions 这个州在招聘年轻人从事教学工作 n. a new member of an organization, esp. the army The new recruits were trained for six months and then sent to the war front 新兵训练六个月后就被送上了前线。 23. That version---a tall man with white hair and a small white beard on his chin. a dark blue coat and a tall hat with stars on it ---was a self-portrait of Flagg Para. 22) Meaning: The portrait of Uncle Sam in Flaggs posters was a self-portrait of Flagg It was a tall man with white hair on his head and a small white beard on his chin, wearing a dark blue coat and a tall hat with stars on it IV. Writing Narration is story writing. When you write a narrative paragraph or essay, you write about events in the order that they happened. In other words, you use time order/sequence to organize Notice the kinds of words and phrases used to show time order. These are called time order ords or phrases because they show the order in which events happen Words first(second, etc) at first at exactly 5: 04 p.m next after a while finally fter that afterward in the morning meanwhile the meantime Time Order Paragraph Sample It was Sarah's turn to wash the dishes last night. First, she removed the dirty dishes from able. Next, she piled them in the sink and rinsed them. After that, she put them in dishwasher and turned it on. Finally, the dishes were clean, so she put them away Section b Engelbreit's the Name, Cute Is My game
7 popular during the American Revolution. (Para. 22) Meaning: … the figure of Uncle Sam in the political cartoons developed from an earlier cartoon character called Brother Jonathan that was popular during the American Revolution. evolve from: to develop gradually by a long continuous process Some people believe that we evolved from the apes. 有些人认为我们是从类人猿逐渐演变成的。 The British political system has evolved over several centuries. 英国的政制经过了数百年的发展。 22. … in his famous army recruiting posters of World Wars I and II. (Para. 22) Meaning: … in his famous posters that tried to get young men to join the US Army during World War I and World War II. recruit: vt . persuade sb. to become a new member of an organization, esp. the army The state is recruiting young people to the teaching professions. 这个州在招聘年轻人从事教学工作。 n. a new member of an organization, esp. the army The new recruits were trained for six months and then sent to the war front. 新兵训练六个月后就被送上了前线。 23. That version---a tall man with white hair and a small white beard on his chin, a dark blue coat and a tall hat with stars on it --- was a self-portrait of Flagg. (Para.22) Meaning: The portrait of Uncle Sam in Flagg’s posters was a self-portrait of Flagg. It was a tall man with white hair on his head and a small white beard on his chin, wearing a dark blue coat and a tall hat with stars on it. IV. Writing Narration is story writing. When you write a narrative paragraph or essay, you write about events in the order that they happened. In other words, you use time order/sequence to organize your sentences. Notice the kinds of words and phrases used to show time order. These are called time order words or phrases because they show the order in which events happen. Words Phrases first (second, etc) at first then at exactly 5:04 p.m. next after a while finally after that afterward in the morning meanwhile in the meantime Time Order Paragraph （Sample） It was Sarah’s turn to wash the dishes last night. First, she removed the dirty dishes from the table. Next, she piled them in the sink and rinsed them. After that, she put them in the dishwasher and turned it on. Finally, the dishes were clean, so she put them away. Section B Engelbreit’s the Name, Cute Is My Game
eading Appreciating Figurative Languag To make language clearer, more interesting, and more striking, all of us use expressions which are not literally true and writing. Figurative language-language that compares or paints a picture for the reader. Figurative language can be confusing if it is understood literally. The ability to recognize and interpret figurative language may help us fully understand a writers point There are many different ways of using figurative language. Listed here are a few of them a) Similes are figurative expressions which directly compare one thing to another by using the words as or like The tobacco industry, coupled with Hollywood movies in which both male and female heroes smoked l In this sentence,…, smoked like chimneys” means“.. smoked heavily and continuously” but the comparison between the two makes the idea clearer and more imaginative. Section A, Unit Five, Book Two) b) Metaphors, in which comparisons are only implied or suggested, without using as, like d the lik On September 7, 1940, nearly four hundred German bombers hammered the city with bombs in broad daylight (Section A, Unit Ten, Book Two) In this sentence, the coming of the city by german bombers is compared to the use of a hammer, thus emphasizing the idea of repeated hitting by those bombers 2)Personification, figurative expressions which compare non-human things to humans Since her introduction in 1959, Barbie has become the universally recognized Queen of the Dolls ( Section A, Unit 4, Book Three) a queen is the number one woman of the country. In this sentence, Barbie is compared to a queen of dolls, which says she is the number one doll in the world d) Oxymoron(矛盾修饰法), a figurative expressions that combines two usually contradictory terms in a compressed paradox. Now more than sixty years old, Barbara-who declines interviews but is said to have loved the doll-may be the most famous unknown figure on the planet (Section A, Unit Four, Book Three) According to the sentence, the doll barbie named after Barbara is probably most famous figure in the world on the one hand, and on the other, only a few know the real Barbara e)Hyperbole(t5kit)- exaggeration for the sake of emphasis in a figure of speech not meant literally He was strongly influenced by medieval artists and inspired by the gothic window of an old farmhouse, but the faces in his composition were what captured the worlds attention (Section A, Unit 4 Book Three In this sentence, the faces are compared to something that is so unusual that they are eye-catching to everyone So in order to understand the writer's meaning more deeply, we have to learn how to recognize and interpret the figurative language. We can use some questions to help us to
8 I. Reading Skills Appreciating Figurative Language To make language clearer, more interesting, and more striking, all of us use expressions which are not literally true. We make comparisons in speaking and writing. Figurative language—language that compares or paints a picture for the reader. Figurative language can be confusing if it is understood literally. The ability to recognize and interpret figurative language may help us fully understand a writer’s point. There are many different ways of using figurative language. Listed here are a few of them. a) Similes are figurative expressions which directly compare one thing to another by using the words as or like. The tobacco industry, coupled with Hollywood movies in which both male and female heroes smoked like chimneys,… In this sentence, “… smoked like chimneys” means “… smoked heavily and continuously”, but the comparison between the two makes the idea clearer and more imaginative.(Section A, Unit Five, Book Two) b) Metaphors, in which comparisons are only implied or suggested, without using as, like and the like. On September 7, 1940, nearly four hundred German bombers hammered the city with bombs in broad daylight. (Section A, Unit Ten, Book Two) In this sentence, the coming of the city by German bombers is compared to the use of a hammer, thus emphasizing the idea of repeated hitting by those bombers. c) Personification, figurative expressions which compare non-human things to humans. Since her introduction in 1959, Barbie has become the universally recognized Queen of the Dolls. (Section A, Unit 4, Book Three) A queen is the number one woman of the country. In this sentence, Barbie is compared to a queen of dolls, which says she is the number one doll in the world. d) Oxymoron（矛盾修饰法）, a figurative expressions that combines two usually contradictory terms in a compressed paradox. Now more than sixty years old, Barbara—who declines interviews but is said to have loved the doll—may be the most famous unknown figure on the planet. (Section A, Unit Four, Book Three) According to the sentence, the doll Barbie named after Barbara is probably the most famous figure in the world on the one hand, and on the other, only a few know the real Barbara. e) Hyperbole（夸张法）— exaggeration for the sake of emphasis in a figure of speech not meant literally. He was strongly influenced by medieval artists and inspired by the Gothic window of an old farmhouse, but the faces in his composition were what captured the world’s attention. (Section A, Unit 4 Book Three) In this sentence, the faces are compared to something that is so unusual that they are eye-catching to everyone. So in order to understand the writer’s meaning more deeply, we have to learn how to recognize and interpret the figurative language. We can use some questions to help us to
understand the figurative language better What comparisons are being made? What mental pictures do they bring to your mind? What ideas is the writer trying to convey? Ask students to do the exercises on page 110 II. Text Analysis Section b tells us how an American woman--Engelbreit realized her dream and be successful through hard work and determination The whole section is divided into four parts Part One( Paral-3) Engelbreit's fateful and disappointing trip to New York led to her unexpected success in her career Part Two( Para 4-5)Engelbreit's distinctive style and her personality Part Three( Para 6-11)Engelbreit's life and her success Part Four( Para 12-13) Engelbreit finally realized her dream III. Language Points 1. Mary Engelbreit was a talented but struggling artist in her mid-twenties when she flew to New York from her native Saint Louis, hoping to find work illustrating children's books her life's goal. (Para 1) Meaning: When she flew to New York from her native land Saint Louis, Mary Engelbreit was a talented young artist who tried hard to succeed. Her hope at that time was to find when all the book publishers she visited turned her down. Para 1) Meaning:.. When all the book publishers she had been to refused to employ her turn sb /sth. down: refuse to accept sb /sth I am afraid your request for a pay rise was turned down again. 恐怕你要求加工资的请求又被拒绝了 3. One even suggested her drawing might be more suited to greeting cards. (Para. 1) leaning: One of the publishers even told her that her pictures were more suitable for greeting caras be suited to Be more suitable to/for I do not think david is suited to teaching since he has no patience 我认为戴卫不适合当老师,因为他没有耐心 Jim and Mary seem suited to each other, in spite of their quarrel 吉姆和玛丽似乎是天生的一对,尽管他们会吵架 4. I was crushed, " Engelbreit admits. (Para. 2) Meaning:“ I was badly upset,” Engelbreit admits.(or“ My heart was broken,” Engelbreit crush: v. 1)to press with great force so as to break, damage, or destroy the natural shape or Don't crush the box, there are eggs inside 别压这箱子,里面有鸡蛋 The tree fell on top of the car and crushed it 树倒下来压在车顶上,把汽车压坏了
9 understand the figurative language better What comparisons are being made? What mental pictures do they bring to your mind? What ideas is the writer trying to convey? Ask students to do the exercises on Page 110. II. Text Analysis Section B tells us how an American woman--Engelbreit realized her dream and became successful through hard work and determination. The whole section is divided into four parts Part One ( Para1-3) Engelbreit’s fateful and disappointing trip to New York led to her unexpected success in her career. Part Two ( Para 4-5) Engelbreit’s distinctive style and her personality. Part Three ( Para 6-11) Engelbreit’s life and her success. Part Four ( Para 12-13) Engelbreit finally realized her dream. III. Language Points 1. Mary Engelbreit was a talented but struggling artist in her mid-twenties when she flew to New York from her native Saint Louis, hoping to find work illustrating children’s books –her life’s goal. (Para 1) Meaning: When she flew to New York from her native land Saint Louis, Mary Engelbreit was a talented young artist who tried hard to succeed. Her hope at that time was to find work making pictures for children’s books. 2. … when all the book publishers she visited turned her down.(Para 1) Meaning: … When all the book publishers she had been to refused to employ her. turn sb./sth. down: refuse to accept sb./sth. I am afraid your request for a pay rise was turned down again. 恐怕你要求加工资的请求又被拒绝了。 3. One even suggested her drawing might be more suited to greeting cards. (Para.1) Meaning: One of the publishers even told her that her pictures were more suitable for greeting cards. be suited to : Be more suitable to/for I do not think David is suited to teaching since he has no patience. 我认为戴卫不适合当老师，因为他没有耐心。 Jim and Mary seem suited to each other, in spite of their quarrels. 吉姆和玛丽似乎是天生的一对，尽管他们会吵架。 4. “ I was crushed,” Engelbreit admits. (Para .2) Meaning: “ I was badly upset,” Engelbreit admits. (or “ My heart was broken,” Engelbreit admits.) crush: v. 1) to press with great force so as to break, damage, or destroy the natural shape or condition. Don’t crush the box, there are eggs inside! 别压这箱子，里面有鸡蛋。 The tree fell on top of the car and crushed it. 树倒下来压在车顶上，把汽车压坏了
2)upset or shock sb. badly His hopes were crushed by the chairman' s remarks.主席的一席话使他的希望破灭了 3)defeat sb. or sth completely They were determined to crush the enemies of their country 他们决心击败与祖国为敌的人。 5. Greeting cards seemed a come-down from her high expectations, but the advice stayed with her, and she decided to give it a try. (Para. 2) Meaning: She did not expect to draw greeting cards at all for she had aimed very high, but in spite of the disappointment, she took the advice and decided to have a try at the greeting come-down: n. also comedown) loss of importance or social position, a fall or reduction She used to have servants now she finds it a come-down to have to do the work herself.她过去雇有佣人,现在她得自己干活,觉得很委屈。 6. The results transformed her life forever. Para. 2) Meaning: As a result, she achieved such great success in greeting cards that it changed her life forever. (or the results of her trying were so wonderful that they changed her life forever.) 7. Today Mary Engelbreit sells an astonishing 14 million greeting cards a year. (Para. 3) Meaning: Today Mary Engelbreit sells 14 million greeting cards a year, which is a surprising surpr We were all astonished to hear that he had passed his driving test 到他通过了驾驶考试,我们都感到十分惊讶 astonishing: a surprising an astonishing piece of news一条使人吃惊的消息 She astonished everybody by announcing her engagement. 她宣布自己订婚了,让大家非常吃惊 8. She runs a retail company with shops in nine cities( 16 more are planned ), and her oducts are carried by 25, 000 retailers. ( Para. 3) Meaning: she runs a company that sells goods to the public. The company has its shops in nine cities( and is planning to have another 16 shops) retail: n the activity of selling goods to the public, usu in small quantities the recommended retail price建议零售价 the retail of goods货物零售 The opposite of retail is wholesale零售的反义词是批发。 9. Annual retail sales are in the $100 million range---all as a result of that fateful, disappointing trip to New York. (Para. 3) Meaning: The range of retail sales per year is about 100 million. All this results from that mportant trip to New York that disappointed her at first 10. Once you know Engelbbreit's distinctive style, you can recognize her cards from 20 paces away-bright, funny, and with an eye to the past. (Para. 4) Meaning: Once you get familiar with Engelbreit's unique style, you can tell her cards from 20 paces away: they are bright, funny, with a feeling of affection for things in the past distinctive, or distinct from:指一种事物或特性显然有别于其同类
10 2) upset or shock sb. badly His hopes were crushed by the chairman’s remarks.主席的一席话使他的希望破灭了。 3) defeat sb. or sth. completely They were determined to crush the enemies of their country. 他们决心击败与祖国为敌的人。 5. Greeting cards seemed a come-down from her high expectations, but the advice stayed with her, and she decided to give it a try. (Para. 2) Meaning: She did not expect to draw greeting cards at all for she had aimed very high, but in spite of the disappointment, she took the advice and decided to have a try at the greeting cards. come-down: n. ( also comedown) loss of importance or social position; a fall or reduction She used to have servants; now she finds it a come-down to have to do the work herself.她过去雇有佣人，现在她得自己干活，觉得很委屈。 6. The results transformed her life forever. (Para. 2) Meaning: As a result, she achieved such great success in greeting cards that it changed her life forever. (or the results of her trying were so wonderful that they changed her life forever.) 7.Today Mary Engelbreit sells an astonishing 14 million greeting cards a year. (Para. 3) Meaning: Today Mary Engelbreit sells 14 million greeting cards a year, which is a surprising figure. astonish: vt. surprise sb. greatly We were all astonished to hear that he had passed his driving test. 听到他通过了驾驶考试，我们都感到十分惊讶。 astonishing: a. surprising an astonishing piece of news 一条使人吃惊的消息 She astonished everybody by announcing her engagement. 她宣布自己订婚了，让大家非常吃惊。 8. She runs a retail company with shops in nine cities ( 16 more are planned), and her products are carried by 25,000 retailers. (Para. 3) Meaning: she runs a company that sells goods to the public. The company has its shops in nine cities ( and is planning to have another 16 shops). retail: n. the activity of selling goods to the public, usu. in small quantities the recommended retail price 建议零售价 the retail of goods 货物零售 The opposite of retail is wholesale.零售的反义词是批发。 9. Annual retail sales are in the $100 million range---all as a result of that fateful, disappointing trip to New York. (Para. 3) Meaning: The range of retail sales per year is about $ 100 million. All this results from that important trip to New York that disappointed her at first. 10. Once you know Engelbbreit’s distinctive style, you can recognize her cards from 20 paces away—bright, funny, and with an eye to the past. (Para. 4) Meaning: Once you get familiar with Engelbreit’s unique style, you can tell her cards from 20 paces away: they are bright, funny, with a feeling of affection for things in the past. distinctive, or distinct from: 指一种事物或特性显然有别于其同类