Unit 7 Section A I Background information 1. Dr Robert s. eliot: the author of the book: From Stress to Strength: How to Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life. You can read a short discussion on his book at the web site given http:/hwww.watchtowerorglibrarv/g/9983/22/articleo1.htm 2. The University of Nebraska: The university(1869)has four campuses. Its main campus is located in Lincoln, where colleges of arts and sciences, agriculture, education, architecture, engineering, and technology rnalism and law are housed. Its omah has courses leading to bachelors and masters degrees. The University of Nebraskas medical center has ing, dentistry, and pharmacy. Consult the web givenhttp:/hmnw.uneb.eduifyouhaveaninterest 3. Benjamin(Ben) Frankli a very famous American of the 1700,s best known for his experiments with electricity and nature kites. have a look at the website http://www.ushistoryorg/franklin/for more information about him 4. Stress visitthewebsiteathttp:/hwwwstresstop.com/productdescriptions/productifyouare interested in the problem of stress II. Text Analysis: Main idea and devices for developing it Main idea of the text Stress is a state of tension that results from one's response to the demands and pressures caused by work, family and other external sources, as well as those that are internally generated from and self-criticism. Stress is both additive and cumulative. It adds up over time until a state of crisis is reached and symptoms appear. It often manifests itself in irritability, anxiety, impaired concentration, mental confusion, poor judgment, frustration and anger as psychological symptoms. It also shows such physical symptoms as muscle tension, headaches, low back pain, insomnia and high blood pressure. Stress comes in all forms and affects persons of all ages and from all walks of life. No external andards can be applied to predict stress levels in individuals. The degree of stress in our lives is highly dependent upon individual factors such as our physical health, the quality of our interpersonal relationships, the number of commitments and responsibilities we carry, the degree of others' dependence upon and expectations of us, the amount of support we receive from others, and the number of changes or traumatic events that have recently occurred in our lives. On the part of students, more often than not they suffer from depression triggered by exam pressures How is the text organized The passage is broadly put into four parts: the threat of stress to one's health, how it affects one's heart; the causes of the stress; and the steps to cope with the stress. The passage as a whole is developed through the techniques of cause-and-effect and quotation. In the first two parts, the
Unit 7 Section A I. Background information： 1．Dr. Robert S. Eliot: the author of the book: From Stress to Strength: How to Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life. You can read a short discussion on his book at the web site given: http://www.watchtower.org/library/g/1998/3/22/article_01.htm. 2. The University of Nebraska: The university (1869) has four campuses. Its main campus is located in Lincoln, where colleges of arts and sciences, agriculture, education, architecture, engineering, and technology, business administration, home economics, journalism, and law are housed. Its Omaha campus has courses leading to bachelor’s and master’s degrees. The University of Nebraska’s medical center has colleges of medicine, nursing, dentistry, and pharmacy. Consult the web site given:http://www.uneb.edu if you have an interest. 3. Benjamin (Ben) Franklin: a very famous American of the 1700’s best known for his experiments with electricity and nature, using kites. Have a look at the website given: http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/ for more information about him. 4. Stress: visit the website at http://www.stresstop.com/product_descriptions/product4 if you are interested in the problem of stress. II. Text Analysis: Main idea and devices for developing it Main idea of the text Stress is a state of tension that results from one’s response to the demands and pressures caused by work, family and other external sources, as well as those that are internally generated from self-imposed demands, obligations and self-criticism. Stress is both additive and cumulative. It adds up over time until a state of crisis is reached and symptoms appear. It often manifests itself in irritability, anxiety, impaired concentration, mental confusion, poor judgment, frustration and anger as psychological symptoms. It also shows such physical symptoms as muscle tension, headaches, low back pain, insomnia and high blood pressure. Stress comes in all forms and affects persons of all ages and from all walks of life. No external standards can be applied to predict stress levels in individuals. The degree of stress in our lives is highly dependent upon individual factors such as our physical health, the quality of our interpersonal relationships, the number of commitments and responsibilities we carry, the degree of others’ dependence upon and expectations of us, the amount of support we receive from others, and the number of changes or traumatic events that have recently occurred in our lives. On the part of students, more often than not they suffer from depression triggered by exam pressures. How is the text organized? The passage is broadly put into four parts: the threat of stress to one’s health; how it affects one’s heart; the causes of the stress; and the steps to cope with the stress. The passage as a whole is developed through the techniques of cause-and-effect and quotation. In the first two parts, the
threat of stress is revealed through indirect quotation and a sort of chain of causes and effects. In the second two parts, the major causes of and steps against stress are explored through quotation, and illustrati Main idea of each part and devices for developing it Part I(paras. 1-3 ): Main idea: Stress, once spinning out of your control, will threaten your life So if you don't want it to affect your health, you need to take charge of your life and recognize the limit of your ability Devices for developing it: Indirect quotation(间接引言法)- The author quotes indirectly from Dr Robert S. Eliot to present the argument that stress in life will threaten people's life Example 1: Para. 1: If you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, then you may be hurting your heart Chinese:如果你常常生气、心烦意乱、情绪激动,好像你生活中的压力正在快速 加剧并变得失去控制,那么你可能是在损害你的心脏了 Example 2: Para. 2: If you don t want to break your own heart, you need to learn to take charge of your life where you can-and recognize there are many things beyond your control Chinese:假如你不想损害你自己的心脏,你就需要努力学会控制自己的生活一并 且要承认有许多东西你是无法控制的 Part Il(paras. 4-6): Main idea: The research finds that stressed people have higher cholesterol levels. which is because excess stress can burst heart muscle fibers and then cause crazy heart rhythms, thus making it impossible for one to live Devices for developing it: Chainlike cause-and-effect(链式因果关系分析法) Typical example: Para. 5: The argument Stress leads to death The first cause: excess alarm or stress chemical The first effect: That bursts heart muscle fibers. (This is also the second cause in the chain The second effect: It creates many short circuits, and that causes crazy heart rhythms. This is also the third cause in the chain. The third effect: The heart beats like a bag of worms instead of a pump, and Part Ill (paras. 7-11): Main idea: There are many factors leading to stress but the main predictors of destructive levels of stress are the FUd factors Devices for developing it: Direct Quotation(直接引言法 Example: (Paras. 8-11)The topic: The root of many people's stress is anger Direct Quotations: 1. "Does the anger come from a feeling that everything must be perfect?"(Para. 8) 2. "Thats very common in professional women. They feel they have to be all things to all people and do it all 3. Others are angry because they have no compass in life... " (Paras. 10) 4. What happens is that the hotter people get, physiologically, with mental stress Part IV(paras. 12-20): Main idea: To cope with stress in life, people need to take charge of the life and recognize some parts of their life beyond their control and learn to fl
threat of stress is revealed through indirect quotation and a sort of chain of causes and effects. In the second two parts, the major causes of and steps against stress are explored through question-asking, direct and indirect quotation, and illustration. Main idea of each part and devices for developing it Part I (paras. 1-3): Main idea: Stress, once spinning out of your control, will threaten your life. So if you don’t want it to affect your health, you need to take charge of your life and recognize the limit of your ability. Devices for developing it: Indirect quotation ( 间 接 引 言 法 )-- The author quotes indirectly from Dr. Robert S. Eliot to present the argument that stress in life will threaten people’s life: Example 1: Para. 1: If you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, then you may be hurting your heart. Chinese: 如果你常常生气、心烦意乱、情绪激动，好像你生活中的压力正在快速 加剧并变得失去控制，那么你可能是在损害你的心脏了。 Example 2:Para. 2: If you don’t want to break your own heart, you need to learn to take charge of your life where you can — and recognize there are many things beyond your control. Chinese: 假如你不想损害你自己的心脏，你就需要努力学会控制自己的生活—并 且要承认有许多东西你是无法控制的。 Part II (paras. 4-6): Main idea: The research finds that stressed people have higher cholesterol levels, which is because excess stress can burst heart muscle fibers and then cause crazy heart rhythms, thus making it impossible for one to live. Devices for developing it: Chainlike cause-and-effect (链式因果关系分析法) Typical example: Para. 5: The argument: Stress leads to death. The first cause: excess alarm or stress chemicals The first effect: That bursts heart muscle fibers. (This is also the second cause in the chain.) The second effect: It creates many short circuits, and that causes crazy heart rhythms.( This is also the third cause in the chain.) The third effect: The heart beats like a bag of worms instead of a pump, and we can’t live. Part III (paras. 7-11): Main idea: There are many factors leading to stress but the main predictors of destructive levels of stress are the FUD factors. Devices for developing it: Direct Quotation (直接引言法) Example: (Paras. 8-11) The topic: The root of many people’s stress is anger. Direct Quotations: 1. “Does the anger come from a feeling that everything must be perfect?” (Para. 8) 2. “That’s very common in professional women. They feel they have to be all things to all people and do it all perfectly…” (Para. 9) 3. “Others are angry because they have no compass in life…” (Paras. 10) 4. “What happens is that the hotter people get, physiologically, with mental stress, …” (Paras. 11) Part IV (paras. 12-20): Main idea: To cope with stress in life, people need to take charge of the life and recognize some parts of their life beyond their control and learn to flow
Devices for developing it: Exemplification(举例法)& Quotation(引言法) Example: The author takes Ben Franklin as a typical example to offer some Just as Eliot suggests, Ben Franklin wrote down the most important things in his life like being a better father, being a better husband The author adopts quotations from Eliot to present his own viewpoints. To achieve this purpose, the following expressions are used Eliot recommends doing sth. /that . ""He suggests that . doing sth Eliot says( that) and“ From eli III. Language points Expressions to feel/ be overwhelmed(with….)陷入……,沉浸于……;被…征服 e.g. The whole nation was overwhelmed with excitement and joy when Beijing succeeded in 当北京成功地获得了2008年奥运会主办权时,举国上下都沉浸在激动和喜悦之中。 2. to spin out of control:快速加剧而失去控制 e.g. At the critical moment, the government took effective measures to prevent the infectious disease from spinning out of control 危机关头,政府采取了有效措施,阻止了这种传染病的迅速加剧而失去控制 3. beyond one' s control:失控 e.g. In realistic life, we must keep our minds so prepared for things beyond our control as to cope efficiently with them later on 现实生活中,我们必须为那些不可控制的事件做好准备,以便随后能有效地应对 4. to lighten one' s load:减轻压力(负担) e.g. The core of the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers is to lighten the farmers' load and increase their income “三农”问题的核心就是要减轻农民负担,提高农民收入 5. among other things:除其它…之外 e.g. It goes without saying that a peaceful and stable environment, among other things, proves to be of vital importance for China 不言而喻,除其他因素之外,一个和平稳定的环境对中国至关重要 6. to attribute..to..把 归因于 e.g. Some people wrongly attribute success to good luck, but the truth is that hard work is the key to 些人把成功错误地归因于运气,但事实是:刻苦努力是成功的关键。 7. on the exterior:表面上 e.g. On the exterior, this building is grand and magnificent, reflecting the typical styles of European architecture arts 从外表看,这座建筑物雄伟壮观,集中体现了欧洲建筑艺术风 8 on the interior:本质上,内在地 e.g. On the exterior, she is timid and weak-willed; but on the interior, she has a rather strong mind and never yields to any difficulties
Devices for developing it: Exemplification (举例法) & Quotation (引言法) Example: The author takes Ben Franklin as a typical example to offer some suggestions: Just as Eliot suggests, Ben Franklin wrote down the most important things in his life like being a better father, being a better husband ... The author adopts quotations from Eliot to present his own viewpoints. To achieve this purpose, the following expressions are used: “Eliot recommends doing sth. / that …”, “He suggests that … / doing sth.”, “Eliot says (that) …”, and “From Eliot’s viewpoint, … ” III. Language points Expressions 1. to feel / be overwhelmed (with …): 陷入······，沉浸于······; 被······征服 e.g. The whole nation was overwhelmed with excitement and joy when Beijing succeeded in bidding for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games. 当北京成功地获得了 2008 年奥运会主办权时，举国上下都沉浸在激动和喜悦之中。 2. to spin out of control: 快速加剧而失去控制 e.g. At the critical moment, the government took effective measures to prevent the infectious disease from spinning out of control. 危机关头，政府采取了有效措施，阻止了这种传染病的迅速加剧而失去控制。 3. beyond one’s control: 失控 e.g. In realistic life, we must keep our minds so prepared for things beyond our control as to cope efficiently with them later on. 现实生活中，我们必须为那些不可控制的事件做好准备，以便随后能有效地应对。 4. to lighten one’s load: 减轻压力（负担） e.g. The core of the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers is to lighten the farmers’ load and increase their income. “三农” 问题的核心就是要减轻农民负担，提高农民收入。 5. among other things: 除其它······之外 e.g. It goes without saying that a peaceful and stable environment, among other things, proves to be of vital importance for China. 不言而喻，除其他因素之外，一个和平稳定的环境对中国至关重要。 6. to attribute … to …: 把 ······ 归因于 ······ e.g. Some people wrongly attribute success to good luck, but the truth is that hard work is the key to success. 一些人把成功错误地归因于运气，但事实是：刻苦努力是成功的关键。 7. on the exterior: 表面上 e.g. On the exterior, this building is grand and magnificent, reflecting the typical styles of European architecture arts. 从外表看，这座建筑物雄伟壮观，集中体现了欧洲建筑艺术风格。 8. on the interior: 本质上，内在地 e.g. On the exterior, she is timid and weak-willed; but on the interior, she has a rather strong mind and never yields to any difficulties
她貌似怯弱,但内心却十分坚强,在困难面前从不屈服 9. the root of………的根源 e.g. A great dam has been built up so as to eliminate the root of flood, which used to endanger the people along the river 一座大坝已经建立起来,从而彻底根除了过去威胁着沿岸人民安全的洪水。 0. to be all things:十全十美 e.g. As is opposite to the reality, some parents expect their children to be all things, thus urging them to learn this and that as well as their lessons 些家长不切合实际地希望自己的孩子十全十美,因此除了功课之外,逼迫他们学这 学那。 ll to blow one'stop:大发雷霆 e.g. The coach pinned high hopes on his team; so when it suffered a complete defeat in the match, he blew his top 教练对自己的球队寄予厚望,因而当球队在比赛中被打得一败涂地时,他大发雷霆 12. to have no compass in life:生活没有方向 e.g. If ambition is likened to the navigation mark for one's life, living without ambition is just the same as having no compass in life 如果把理想比做人生的航标,那么,无所追求的生活就如同生活没有方向。 13. to give emphasis to…:看重/强调 e.g. In the course of childrens growth, we should give as much emphasis to the cultivation of their love for others as to their intellectual development 在孩子的成长过程中,我们应把对孩子的爱心培养和智力发展看得同等重要 14. to own anger:生气 e.g. He is so broad-minded that he never owns anger even when suffering wrong 他心胸非常豁达,即使他受了委屈,也从来不生气 15. to stir in one s own juIce:受煎熬 e.g. When their favorite team met its Waterloo and lost the hope of making it into the finals the devoted fans were stirring in their own juice as if it were the end of the world 当自己最喜爱的球队兵败麦城从而无望打入决赛时,这些忠实的球迷在痛苦中煎熬, 仿佛天都要塌下来了 l6. to blow apart with sth:因……而跨下来 e.g. The company, which once achieved a roaring success, is now about to blow apart with the lack of money and efficient management. 这家公司曾经获得巨大成功,可是由于缺乏资金和有效管理,现在行将跨塌。 17. on one' s trail:在路上 e.g. So long as you go ahead steadily and proceed step by step on your trail to the pyramid of are bound to reach its peak 在通往成功的金字塔的道路上,只要你稳扎稳打,一步一个台阶,你就一定能登上顶 峰 18. to cut sth. down to..降低到 e.g. Thanks to the efficient and proper treatment after the accident, the damage was cut down to the minimum level 由于有效的善后处理工作,事故造成的损失降到了最低限度 19. to set one' s priorities:确定优先做的事情
她貌似怯弱，但内心却十分坚强，在困难面前从不屈服。 9. the root of ...: ······的根源 e.g. A great dam has been built up so as to eliminate the root of flood, which used to endanger the people along the river. 一座大坝已经建立起来，从而彻底根除了过去威胁着沿岸人民安全的洪水。 10. to be all things: 十全十美 e.g. As is opposite to the reality, some parents expect their children to be all things, thus urging them to learn this and that as well as their lessons. 一些家长不切合实际地希望自己的孩子十全十美，因此除了功课之外，逼迫他们学这 学那。 11. to blow one’s top: 大发雷霆 e.g. The coach pinned high hopes on his team; so when it suffered a complete defeat in the match, he blew his top. 教练对自己的球队寄予厚望，因而当球队在比赛中被打得一败涂地时，他大发雷霆。 12. to have no compass in life: 生活没有方向 e.g. If ambition is likened to the navigation mark for one’s life, living without ambition is just the same as having no compass in life. 如果把理想比做人生的航标，那么，无所追求的生活就如同生活没有方向。 13. to give emphasis to …: 看重/强调 ······ e.g. In the course of children’s growth, we should give as much emphasis to the cultivation of their love for others as to their intellectual development. 在孩子的成长过程中，我们应把对孩子的爱心培养和智力发展看得同等重要。 14. to own anger: 生气 e.g. He is so broad-minded that he never owns anger even when suffering wrong. 他心胸非常豁达，即使他受了委屈，也从来不生气。 15. to stir in one’s own juice: 受煎熬 e.g. When their favorite team met its Waterloo and lost the hope of making it into the finals, the devoted fans were stirring in their own juice as if it were the end of the world. 当自己最喜爱的球队兵败麦城 从而无望打入决赛时，这些忠实的球迷在痛苦中煎熬， 仿佛天都要塌下来了。 16. to blow apart with sth.: 因······而跨下来 e.g. The company, which once achieved a roaring success, is now about to blow apart with the lack of money and efficient management. 这家公司曾经获得巨大成功，可是由于缺乏资金和有效管理，现在行将跨塌。 17. on one’s trail: 在路上 e.g. So long as you go ahead steadily and proceed step by step on your trail to the pyramid of success, you are bound to reach its peak. 在通往成功的金字塔的道路上，只要你稳扎稳打，一步一个台阶，你就一定能登上顶 峰。 18. to cut sth. down to …: 降低到······ e.g. Thanks to the efficient and proper treatment after the accident, the damage was cut down to the minimum level. 由于有效的善后处理工作，事故造成的损失降到了最低限度。 19. to set one’s priorities: 确定优先做的事情
e.g. Whatever you do, you must set your priorities because it is unwise of you to try to attend to big and small matters all at once 无论做什么事情都应该有个轻重缓急,因为眉毛胡子一把抓是不明智的。 20. to keep sth. in mind:牢记,记住 e.g. As PLA men, we must keep in mind our sacred mission- getting ready to give our lives for the national dignity 作为军人,我们应该牢记我们的神圣使命一时刻准备为民族的尊严而献身 21. to have little or no control over sth:对…几乎没有或没有控制 e.g. Once you exercise little or no control over your personal emotion, it is more likely to overflow the banks of your ration, thus bringing you into great emotional depression 你一旦对自己的情感放任自流,它很可能会漫过理智的堤岸,使你陷入情感的深渊。 Patterns for you to use as models 1. Typical patterns for giving warning Example: If you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, then you may be hurting your heart. 句型提炼: If sb. often/ always, like..(从句, then sb. may be doing 如果某人经常/总是 好象 那么某人很可能是……(划线部分 可替换) 应用:a.如果你对什么事都挑剔、对什么人都吹毛求疵,好象生活中什么都不如意,那 么你可能在追求一种不幸的生活方式 If you always pick holes in everything and find fault with anyone around you, like nothing in life agrees with your wishes, then you may be pursuing an unhappy style 如果你什么事都看不上眼,好象无事值得你去做,那么你可能在虚度宝贵的时 If you hold everything in contempt, like nothing is worth your efforts, then you may be idling away your precious time 2. Typical patterns for showing results Example: What happens is that the hotter people get, physiologically, with mental stress, the more likely they are to blow apart with some heart problem. 句型提炼: What happens is that the more sb. or sth.…with…, the more likely sb.or sth.isto∴with. 此时就会发生这种情况一某人或某事由于…变得越 某人或 某事就越可能因为 (划线部分可替换) 应用:a.随着高考临近,会发生这样的情况一由于父母过高的期望孩子越发焦虑,他们 就越可能因为压力太大而发挥差。 With the college entrance exams drawing nearer, what happens is that the more anxious the children get with their parents'high expectations, the more likely they are to perform poorly with the excessive stress b.在健康的家庭生活氛围里,常常会出现这样的情况一孩子由于父母恰如其分 的表扬变得越自信,从而他们很可能会因为这种自信而做得更好 In a healthy climate of family life, what often happens is that the more
e.g. Whatever you do, you must set your priorities because it is unwise of you to try to attend to big and small matters all at once. 无论做什么事情都应该有个轻重缓急，因为眉毛胡子一把抓是不明智的。 20. to keep sth. in mind: 牢记，记住 e.g. As PLA men, we must keep in mind our sacred mission — getting ready to give our lives for the national dignity. 作为军人，我们应该牢记我们的神圣使命 — 时刻准备为民族的尊严而献身。 21. to have little or no control over sth.: 对 ······ 几乎没有或没有控制 e.g. Once you exercise little or no control over your personal emotion, it is more likely to overflow the banks of your ration, thus bringing you into great emotional depression. 你一旦对自己的情感放任自流，它很可能会漫过理智的堤岸，使你陷入情感的深渊。 Patterns for you to use as models 1. Typical patterns for giving warning: Example: If you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, then you may be hurting your heart. 句型提炼: If sb. often / always …, like … (从句), then sb. may be doing … 如果某人经常/ 总是······，好象 ······ ，那么某人很可能是······（划线部分 可替换） 应用: a. 如果你对什么事都挑剔、对什么人都吹毛求疵，好象生活中什么都不如意，那 么你可能在追求一种不幸的生活方式。 If you always pick holes in everything and find fault with anyone around you, like nothing in life agrees with your wishes, then you may be pursuing an unhappy style of living. b. 如果你什么事都看不上眼，好象无事值得你去做，那么你可能在虚度宝贵的时 光。 If you hold everything in contempt, like nothing is worth your efforts, then you may be idling away your precious time. 2. Typical patterns for showing results: Example: What happens is that the hotter people get, physiologically, with mental stress, the more likely they are to blow apart with some heart problem. 句型提炼: What happens is that the more sb. or sth. … with …, the more likely sb. or sth. is to … with … 此时就会发生这种情况 — 某人或某事由于 ······ 变得越 ······， 某人或 某事就越可能因为 ······ 而 ······（划线部分可替换） 应用: a. 随着高考临近，会发生这样的情况—由于父母过高的期望孩子越发焦虑，他们 就越可能因为压力太大而发挥差。 With the college entrance exams drawing nearer, what happens is that the more anxious the children get with their parents’ high expectations, the more likely they are to perform poorly with the excessive stress. b. 在健康的家庭生活氛围里，常常会出现这样的情况 — 孩子由于父母恰如其分 的表扬变得越自信，从而他们很可能会因为这种自信而做得更好。 In a healthy climate of family life, what often happens is that the more
self-confident children get with parents' proper praises, the more likely they are to do even better with such self-confidence 3. Typical patterns for giving advice: Example: From Eliots viewpoint, the other key to controlling stress is to"realize there are other troublesome parts of your life over which you can have or no control-like the economy and politicians. 句型提炼: From sb: s viewpoint/ point of view( angle of view,the( other) key to doing sth. is to realize/recognize/admit/acknowledge( beware) that ..-like 依照某人的观点,做某事的(另一个)关键因素是承认/意识到(谨 比如……(划线部分可替换) 应用:a.按照专家们的观点,戒毒的另一个关键因素是谨防外因导致复吸一比如被同 伴勾引。 From the experts'viewpoints, the other key to ridding yourself of drugs is to beware that you may fall again into the bad habit as a result of external factors like getting hooked by your companions b.按照一位哲学家的观点,摆脱烦恼的另一关键因素是要承认生活中总有些不可 控的事情一比如同事间的闲话和有人对你的妒忌 From a philosopher's point of view, the other key to keeping your mind free from worry is to realize that there is al ways something in life beyond your control like gossip among your colleagues and somebodys jealousy against you IV Translation of text a 如果你常常生气、心烦意乱、情绪激动,好像你生活中的压力正在快速加剧并变得失去 控制,那么你可能是在损害你的心脏了。 假如你不想损害你自己的心脏,你就需要努力学会控制自己的生活一并且要承认有许多 东西你是无法控制的 内布拉斯加大学的临床医学教授、新书《从压力到力量:怎样减轻你的负担并拯救你的 生命》的作者罗伯特·S·埃利奥特博士就是这样说的 埃利奥特说在这个世界上有一类他称之为“热核反应堆式的人”。对这些人来说,压力 会导致他们血压大幅度迅速上升。 埃利奥特说,研究人员已经发现,有压力的人除了其他症状外,胆固醇的含量也较高。 “我们已经做了多年研究,证明过分忧虑或紧张所产生的化学物质的确会损伤心肌纤维。这 两种情况发生的间隔不到5分钟。它会造成许多短路,而且这种短路会引起心律不齐。心 脏跳起来像一只装着蠕虫的袋子而不像一个泵。当这种情况发生时,我们就活不成了。 埃利奥特,现年64岁,在44岁时曾有过一次心脏病发作,他把这次心脏病发作的部分 原因归于压力。多年来,他一直是一个“热核反应堆式的人”。表面上,他显得沉着、冷 静和泰然自若,但他内心深处的压力使他筋疲力尽。他现在身体状况很好 他说,压力达到毁灭性程度的主要预测指标是FUD因素--FUD指的是恐惧、犹豫和 怀疑-再加上可察觉到的缺乏控制力 对许多人来说,压力的根源是愤怒,而对付愤怒的诀窍是找出怒从何来。埃利奥特问 道:“这种愤怒是否来自希望一切事物都必须完美无缺的情感?” “在职业妇女中这是很常见的原因。她们觉得要让人人感到她们无所不能,而且要把 样样事情都做得完美无缺。她们认为,‘我应该这样,我必须这样,我不得不这样’。追求
self-confident children get with parents’ proper praises, the more likely they are to do even better with such self-confidence. 3. Typical patterns for giving advice: Example: From Eliot’s viewpoint, the other key to controlling stress is to “realize that there are other troublesome parts of your life over which you can have little or no control — like the economy and politicians.” 句型提炼: From sb.’s viewpoint / point of view (angle of view), the (other) key to doing sth. is to realize / recognize / admit / acknowledge ( beware) that … — like … 依照某人的观点，做某事的(另一个)关键因素是承认 / 意识到 (谨 防) ······ — 比如 ······（划线部分可替换） 应用: a. 按照专家们的观点，戒毒的另一个关键因素是谨防外因导致复吸— 比如被同 伴勾引。 From the experts’ viewpoints, the other key to ridding yourself of drugs is to beware that you may fall again into the bad habit as a result of external factors — like getting hooked by your companions. b. 按照一位哲学家的观点，摆脱烦恼的另一关键因素是要承认生活中总有些不可 控的事情 — 比如同事间的闲话和有人对你的妒忌。 From a philosopher’s point of view, the other key to keeping your mind free from worry is to realize that there is always something in life beyond your control — like gossip among your colleagues and somebody’s jealousy against you. IV. Translation of text A 如果你常常生气、心烦意乱、情绪激动，好像你生活中的压力正在快速加剧并变得失去 控制，那么你可能是在损害你的心脏了。 假如你不想损害你自己的心脏，你就需要努力学会控制自己的生活—并且要承认有许多 东西你是无法控制的。 内布拉斯加大学的临床医学教授、新书《从压力到力量：怎样减轻你的负担并拯救你的 生命》的作者罗伯特·S·埃利奥特博士就是这样说的。 埃利奥特说在这个世界上有一类他称之为“热核反应堆式的人”。 对这些人来说，压力 会导致他们血压大幅度迅速上升。 埃利奥特说, 研究人员已经发现, 有压力的人除了其他症状外，胆固醇的含量也较高。 “我们已经做了多年研究，证明过分忧虑或紧张所产生的化学物质的确会损伤心肌纤维。这 两种情况发生的间隔不到 5 分钟。 它会造成许多短路，而且这种短路会引起心律不齐。 心 脏跳起来像一只装着蠕虫的袋子而不像一个泵。 当这种情况发生时，我们就活不成了。” 埃利奥特, 现年 64 岁, 在 44 岁时曾有过一次心脏病发作，他把这次心脏病发作的部分 原因归于压力。 多年来，他一直是一个“热核反应堆式的人”。 表面上，他显得沉着、冷 静和泰然自若，但他内心深处的压力使他筋疲力尽。 他现在身体状况很好。 他说, 压力达到毁灭性程度的主要预测指标是 FUD 因素 --- FUD 指的是恐惧、犹豫和 怀疑 --- 再加上可察觉到的缺乏控制力。 对许多人来说，压力的根源是愤怒，而对付愤怒的诀窍是找出怒从何来。 埃利奥特问 道：“这种愤怒是否来自希望一切事物都必须完美无缺的情感？” “在职业妇女中这是很常见的原因。 她们觉得要让人人感到她们无所不能，而且要把 样样事情都做得完美无缺。 她们认为，‘我应该这样，我必须这样，我不得不这样’。追求
完美永无止境。完美主义者事必躬亲。他们生气是因为他们不得不把什么事情都扛在肩上 还为之发脾气。随后他们就感到内疚,接着他们就再把这个全过程重复一遍。” “还有的人生气是因为他们没有生活中的指南针。他们把交通阻塞,看得和家庭纠纷 一样重,”他说。“如果你生气超过5分钟-如果你生闷气,没有安全的发泄渠道的话-你 就必须弄清你生气源自何处 “此时就会发生这种情况-人们由于心理上的压力在生理上变得越发激动,他们的身体 就越可能因为某种心脏病而垮下来。” 让自己平静下来的做法就是承认你存在这种倾向。通过改变你的某些看法和消极思想, 学会对事物不再抱有那么强烈的敌视态度。 埃利奥特建议人们控制自己的生活。“如果有什么能取代压力,那就是控制。你所需 要的东西是NICE因素NICE是指新的、使人感兴趣的、有挑战性的经历-而不是FUD 因素。” “你必须确定你能控制自己生活中的哪些部分,”他说。“在你人生道路上停下来,对 自己说:‘我要把指南针拿出来,弄明白自己需要干什么。 他建议人们写下他们觉得是自己生活中最重要的、最想做成的6件事。本·富兰克林 在32岁时就是这样做的。“他写下了诸如要做一个更好的爸爸、更好的丈夫、经济上独立 智力上活跃,而且还要保持性情平和-这一点他也做得不好。” 埃利奥特说,你可以先列出12件事,然后把它缩到6件,要确定轻重缓急。别让自己 去做你不可能做到的事,而是做那些会影响你的个性、控制能力和自尊心的事情。” “把它们记在一张可以随身携带的卡片上,需要的时候看看它。由于我们无法让一天 有26个小时,所以我们必须确定我们打算做的事情 请记住:随着时间的推移,优先考虑做的事会因时而变。“孩子会长大,狗会死去 你所优先考虑做的事也会改变。” 根据埃利奧特的观点,控制压力的另一关键因素是“要承认你生活中还有一些棘手的 你几乎无法或完全无法控制的东西-比如经济以及政客们。” 你必须认识到,有时候像交通阻塞、最后期限及讨厌的老板之类的事情,“你无法跟他 们斗,也无法逃避。你必须学会如何与之相容
完美永无止境。完美主义者事必躬亲。他们生气是因为他们不得不把什么事情都扛在肩上, 还为之发脾气。 随后他们就感到内疚，接着他们就再把这个全过程重复一遍。” “还有的人生气是因为他们没有生活中的指南针。 他们把交通阻塞，看得和家庭纠纷 一样重,” 他说。“如果你生气超过 5 分钟 --如果你生闷气, 没有安全的发泄渠道的话-- 你 就必须弄清你生气源自何处。” “此时就会发生这种情况--人们由于心理上的压力在生理上变得越发激动，他们的身体 就越可能因为某种心脏病而垮下来。” 让自己平静下来的做法就是承认你存在这种倾向。通过改变你的某些看法和消极思想， 学会对事物不再抱有那么强烈的敌视态度。 埃利奥特建议人们控制自己的生活。 “如果有什么能取代压力，那就是控制。 你所需 要的东西是 NICE 因素-- NICE 是 指新的、使人感兴趣的、有挑战性的经历-- 而不是 FUD 因素。” “你必须确定你能控制自己生活中的哪些部分，”他说。 “在你人生道路上停下来，对 自己说：‘我要把指南针拿出来，弄明白自己需要干什么。’” 他建议人们写下他们觉得是自己生活中最重要的、最想做成的 6 件事。 本·富兰克林 在 32 岁时就是这样做的。“他写下了诸如要做一个更好的爸爸、更好的丈夫、经济上独立、 智力上活跃，而且还要保持性情平和-- 这一点他也做得不好。” 埃利奥特说，你可以先列出 12 件事，然后把它缩到 6 件，要确定轻重缓急。 别让自己 去做你不可能做到的事，而是做那些会影响你的个性、控制能力和自尊心的事情。” “把它们记在一张可以随身携带的卡片上，需要的时候看看它。 由于我们无法让一天 有 26 个小时，所以我们必须确定我们打算做的事情。” 请记住: 随着时间的推移，优先考虑做的事会因时而变。 “孩子会长大，狗会死去， 你所优先考虑做的事也会改变。” 根据埃利奥特的观点，控制压力的另一关键因素是“要承认你生活中还有一些棘手的、 你几乎无法或完全无法控制的东西--比如经济以及政客们。” 你必须认识到, 有时候像交通阻塞、最后期限及讨厌的老板之类的事情，“你无法跟他 们斗, 也无法逃避。 你必须学会如何与之相容