Unit 1 Section a The expensive fantasy of lord williams I Background Knowledge 1. Tomintoul Tomintoul is a village which is the base camp for climbers and walkers in the area round the rivers Avon and Livet. Nearby, Cromdale and the Ladder Hills foreshadow the Cairngorm Mountains 2. Scotland Scotland is one of four constituent nations which form the United Kingdom(the other three are England, Wales and Northern Ireland). Scotland is divided into three main regions: the Highlands, the Midland Valley and the Southern Uplands. Scotland includes 787 islands, of which most belong to groups known as the Hebrides, Orkney and shetland Scotland is well-known for its mountainous and beautiful scenery. Scotland also has its own banking system and its own banknotes. Scotland has given rise to many more famous people notable in the arts literature. and the sciences 3. Scotland yard This is the headquarters of the London Metropolitan Police. The term is often used, popularly to refer to one branch, the Criminal Investigation Department(CID) Named after a short street in London, the site of a palace used in the 12th century as a residence of visiting Scottish kings, it became Londons police center in 1829. New and separate headquarters for the Metropolitan Police were built in 1890 along the Thames embankment and were referred to as New Scotland Yard 4. The Irish Republican Army (IRA) This is a nationalist organization devoted to the integration of Ireland as a complete and independent unit. Organized by Michael Collins from remnants of rebel units dispersed after the Easter Rebellion in 1916, it was composed of the more militant members of the Irish Volunteers and it became the military wing of the Sinn Fein party 5. Chirnside A village of Berwickshire in the Scottish Borders Chirnside lies to the north of the whiteadder Water, 9 miles(15 km) west of Berwick-upon-Tweed. It has a 12th century church and a paper mill established in 1842 II. Text Analysis 1. Main idea The author tells us the true story of Anthony Williams, a man driven by greed to live out a fantasy of becoming a noble man by stealing what was entrusted to his care 2. Devices for developing the text l) Flashback倒叙法 In narrative writing, the author generally follows a certain order to keep the readers clearly oriented in time. In this passage, to catch the readers'attention and arouse their interests in going on reading for more details, the author adopts flashback in which he first states the present
1 Unit 1 Section A The Expensive Fantasy of Lord Williams I. Background Knowledge 1. Tomintoul Tomintoul is a village which is the base camp for climbers and walkers in the area round the rivers Avon and Livet. Nearby, Cromdale and the Ladder Hills foreshadow the Cairngorm Mountains. 2. Scotland: Scotland is one of four constituent nations which form the United Kingdom (the other three are England, Wales and Northern Ireland). Scotland is divided into three main regions: the Highlands, the Midland Valley and the Southern Uplands. Scotland includes 787 islands, of which most belong to groups known as the Hebrides, Orkney and Shetland. Scotland is well-known for its mountainous and beautiful scenery. Scotland also has its own banking system and its own banknotes. Scotland has given rise to many more famous people, notable in the arts, literature, and the sciences. 3. Scotland Yard This is the headquarters of the London Metropolitan Police. The term is often used, popularly, to refer to one branch, the Criminal Investigation Department (CID). Named after a short street in London, the site of a palace used in the 12th century as a residence of visiting Scottish kings, it became London’s police center in 1829. New and separate headquarters for the Metropolitan Police were built in 1890 along the Thames embankment and were referred to as New Scotland Yard. 4. The Irish Republican Army (IRA) This is a nationalist organization devoted to the integration of Ireland as a complete and independent unit. Organized by Michael Collins from remnants of rebel units dispersed after the Easter Rebellion in 1916, it was composed of the more militant members of the Irish Volunteers, and it became the military wing of the Sinn Féin party. 5. Chirnside A village of Berwickshire in the Scottish Borders, Chirnside lies to the north of the Whiteadder Water, 9 miles (15 km) west of Berwick-upon-Tweed. It has a 12th century church and a paper mill established in 1842. II. Text Analysis 1. Main idea The author tells us the true story of Anthony Williams, a man driven by greed to live out a fantasy of becoming a noble man by stealing what was entrusted to his care. 2. Devices for developing the text 1) Flashback 倒叙法 In narrative writing, the author generally follows a certain order to keep the readers clearly oriented in time. In this passage, to catch the readers’ attention and arouse their interests in going on reading for more details, the author adopts flashback in which he first states the present
ituation and then goes back to the past events (1)What is going on now?(Para. 1) (2)What do people think of Lord Williams? Para. 2-4) (3)What is the result of Mr. Williams' stealing what was entrusted to his care?(Para. 5) (4)What are the villagers' responses to the case?( Para. 6-8) The past events (I)What crimes did Lord williams commit? How did he spend the money? (Para. 9-14) (2)How was Lord Williams caught by the bank? What did the police do after they found Lord Williams crime? ( Para. 15-16) (3)What was Lord Williams' motive for the crime?( Para. 17) 2) Quotation引言法 To portray the main character and reveal the theme of the story, the author sometimes applies direct speech and indirect speech which are vivid and convincing Para. 2-3 use indirect speech Para. 7-8, Para. 14 and Para. 17 use direct speech 3) Deduction演绎法 The author brings some detailed points together to express a main point of view (1)Three details are described in part Il(Para. 6-8)showing the responses from the villagers to Mr Williams case (2) Four details are stated in part Ill(Para. 10-14)revealing how Mr. Williams spent his stolen money in creating a british lord Structure analysis Part I(Paral-5 Main idea This part is the general background of the story, which answers such five questions as where did the story take place? Who was the hero? what did the hero do? what was the truth? What was the result for mr. williams Devices for developing it? Flashback倒叙法 In this part, the author narrates the present situation and the result of Mr Williams case 1).theyre still willing to raise a glass or two to"Lord Williams, though now his title promp la 2)There are those who say they were never quite sure about Anthony Williams, the soft-spoken 3)There are others who say their suspicions were aroused over time, as the 55-year-old Mr Williams,., providin g such a large injection of cash into the village that he single-handedly brought the back to life. ( Para. 3) 4)But no one could have guessed the truth- that the man with endless money was not a lord but a government employee dreaming of becoming a noble by stealing what was entrusted to his (监守自盗).(Para.4) 5)Mr. Williams was brought to court and sentenced to seven and a half years in prison. ( Para. 5) Part II(Para6-8) Main idea
2 situation and then goes back to the past events. The present situation: (1) What is going on now? (Para. 1) (2) What do people think of Lord Williams?(Para. 2-4) (3) What is the result of Mr.Williams’stealing what was entrusted to his care? (Para. 5) (4) What are the villagers’ responses to the case? (Para. 6-8) The past events: (1) What crimes did Lord Williams commit? How did he spend the money?(Para. 9-14) (2) How was Lord Williams caught by the bank? What did the police do after they found Lord Williams’ crime?(Para. 15-16) (3) What was Lord Williams’ motive for the crime? (Para. 17) 2) Quotation 引言法 To portray the main character and reveal the theme of the story, the author sometimes applies direct speech and indirect speech which are vivid and convincing . Para. 2-3 use indirect speech; Para. 7-8, Para. 14 and Para. 17 use direct speech. 3) Deduction 演绎法 The author brings some detailed points together to express a main point of view. (1) Three details are described in part II (Para. 6-8) showing the responses from the villagers to Mr. Williams’ case. (2) Four details are stated in part III (Para. 10-14) revealing how Mr. Williams spent his stolen money in creating a British lord. Structure analysis Part I (Para1-5) Main idea This part is the general background of the story, which answers such five questions as where did the story take place? Who was the hero? What did the hero do? What was the truth? What was the result for Mr. Williams? Devices for developing it ? Flashback 倒叙法 In this part, the author narrates the present situation and the result of Mr.Williams’ case. 1) …they’re still willing to raise a glass or two to “Lord Williams”, though now his title prompts laughter… (Para. 1) 2) There are those who say they were never quite sure about Anthony Williams, the soft-spoken, wealthy noble … (Para. 2) 3) There are others who say their suspicions were aroused over time, as the 55-year-old Mr. Williams, …, providin g such a large injection of cash into the village that he single-handedly brought the community back to life. (Para. 3) 4) But no one could have guessed the truth — that the man with endless money was not a lord but a government employee dreaming of becoming a noble by stealing what was entrusted to his care(监守自盗). (Para. 4) 5) Mr. Williams was brought to court and sentenced to seven and a half years in prison. (Para. 5) Part II (Para6-8) Main idea
What are the responses from the villagers to Mr. Williams ' case? Devices for developing it Quotation(引言法)(7-8) Deduction(演绎法)(6-8) Quotation The author quotes directly as follows 1)"I found him a very charming man, very friendly, considerate not at all proud. it's hard to understand a clever person like him could mislead people like that.... by Georgie McAllister (Para. 7) 2)"Everyone wondered where the money was coming from. Why was he spending it in a little place? Christ, he wouldnt have gotten it back in 100 years. by Donald Corr(Para. 8) Deduction(演绎法) ses from the villagers to mr. Williams?(Para. 6-8) Response 1: At least some villagers are sticking by him.(Para. 6) Response 2: It's hard to understand how a clever man like him could ople like that What he did benefited the village.( Para. 7) Response 3: Everyone wondered where the money came from and why he did so? He would not have gotten it back in 100 years. ( Para. 8) Part Ill(Para 7-14) Main idea? What crime did Mr Williams commit and how did he spend the money? Devices for developing it Deduction(演绎法) What crime did Mr Williams commit and how did he spend his money?( Para. 9-14) Detail 1: Mr. Williams stole more than 8 million pounds over eight years. (Para. 9) Detail 2: Mr. Williams spent the money buying an estate and noble titles, to become the lord of Chirnside.(Para. 11) Detail 3: Mr. Williams sunk his dishonest money into this village with fine stone cottages. (Para Detail 4: Mr. Williams spent the money buying multiple cottages, a pub and a run-down hotel and turned it into a glorious place. (Para. 13) Detail 5: Mr. Williams spent the money buying the crystal glasses, the most expensive ones for the restaurant. (Para. 14) Part IV(Para 15-17) Main idea What was the result of Mr. Williams case after his spending such a large amount of his Devices for developing it Straightforward Time Order(时间顺序叙述法) Straightforward Time Order时间顺序叙述法) Topic: What was the result of Mr. Williams' case? Plot 1 He was caught by the bank because his bank deposits were so large. (para 15 Plot 2 The bank notified the police and the London police arrested him and decided to sell the properties but at a substantial financial loss(Para 16) Plot 3 In the only interview he has given since his arrest a year ago, Mr. Williams discussed his
3 What are the responses from the villagers to Mr. Williams’ case? Devices for developing it Quotation（引言法）(7-8) Deduction (演绎法）(6-8) Quotation（引言法） The author quotes directly as follows: 1) “I found him a very charming man, very friendly, considerate – not at all proud. it’s hard to understand a clever person like him could mislead people like that….” by Georgie McAllister (Para. 7) 2) “Everyone wondered where the money was coming from. Why was he spending it in a little place? Christ, he wouldn’t have gotten it back in 100 years.” by Donald Corr (Para. 8) Deduction (演绎法） What are the responses from the villagers to Mr. Williams? (Para. 6 - 8) Response 1: At least some villagers are sticking by him. (Para. 6) Response 2: It’s hard to understand how a clever man like him could mislead people like that. What he did benefited the village. (Para. 7) Response 3: Everyone wondered where the money came from and why he did so? He would not have gotten it back in 100 years. (Para. 8) Part III (Para 7-14) Main idea？ What crime did Mr. Williams commit and how did he spend the money? Devices for developing it Deduction (演绎法) What crime did Mr. Williams commit and how did he spend his money? (Para. 9 - 14) Detail 1: Mr. Williams stole more than 8 million pounds over eight years. (Para. 9) Detail 2: Mr. Williams spent the money buying an estate and noble titles, to become the Lord of Chirnside. (Para. 11) Detail 3: Mr. Williams sunk his dishonest money into this village with fine stone cottages. (Para. 12) Detail 4: Mr. Williams spent the money buying multiple cottages, a pub and a run-down hotel and turned it into a glorious place. (Para. 13) Detail 5: Mr. Williams spent the money buying the crystal glasses, the most expensive ones for the restaurant. (Para. 14) Part IV (Para 15-17) Main idea What was the result of Mr. Williams’ case after his spending such a large amount of his dishonest money? Devices for developing it Straightforward Time Order (时间顺序叙述法 ) Straightforward Time Order (时间顺序叙述法 ) Topic: What was the result of Mr. Williams’ case? Plot 1 He was caught by the bank because his bank deposits were so large.(para 15 Plot 2 The bank notified the police and the London police arrested him and decided to sell the properties but at a substantial financial loss (Para 16) Plot 3 In the only interview he has given since his arrest a year ago, Mr. Williams discussed his
motive for the crime. It was greed that drove him up to anything in obtaining the money III. Language points Part L. Expressions and patterns A Compatible Expressions 1.向……祝贺,向…干杯 to raise a glass to sb. (L. 2) 1)婚礼上,人们举杯向这对新人祝贺,祝福他们永远幸福 At the wedding party, people raised a glass to the new couple wishing them a happy life for ever 2)他告诉我们他刚刚创办了一家公司,我们举杯向他祝福 He told us he had started a new company and we raised our glasses to him 3)我想我们应该向女主人祝福。 I think we should raise a glass to our hostess 2.疑心/兴趣/好奇心与日俱增 (one's suspicions /interest/curiosity) to be aroused over time(L. 7) 随着孩子们年龄的增长,他们对周围世界的好奇心与日俱增 As children get older, their curiosity about the outside world around them is aroused over tim 3.全部买进 to buy up(L. 8) 1)听说要涨价,市民们纷纷到商店大量抢购。 Word of price rise sent the citizens to shops to buy up as much as they could 2)所有的新型水稻插秧机在出售的当天就很快被卖光了 All the new rice transplanters were quickly bought up the day they were offered foe sale 4.投入大量资金/投资于· to provide a large injection of cash into(L 9) to pour money into(L. 19) to sink money into(L. 40) 1)政府投入了大量的资金去改善生活环境。 The government provided a large injection of cash into bettering the living environment 2)我已经将我所有的钱买了新房,但原我不会后悔才好。 I have sunk all my money into buying a new house: I hope I won't be sorry 5.使……起死回生/使……焕发生机 to bring sth /sb. back to life(L. 10) 1)改革开放政策使深圳这个过去的小镇焕发了生机 The policy of reform and opening-up brought Shenzhen, a small town in the past, back to life 2)一个优秀的演员能把虚构的人物演的有声有色 a great actor can bring a fictional character to life 3)他确实把这个题目讲活了 His lecture on the subject really brought it to life 6.实践梦想,生活在幻想中 她年轻的时候幻想着自己是个电影明星,过着和她们一样的奢侈生活 When young, she led an extravagant life, living out a fantasy that she was a movie star 7.提升为
4 motive for the crime. It was greed that drove him up to anything in obtaining the money. III. Language Points Part I. Expressions and patterns A .Compatible Expressions 1. 向······祝贺，向······干杯 to raise a glass to sb. (L. 2) 1)婚礼上，人们举杯向这对新人祝贺，祝福他们永远幸福。 At the wedding party, people raised a glass to the new couple wishing them a happy life for ever. 2) 他告诉我们他刚刚创办了一家公司，我们举杯向他祝福。 He told us he had started a new company and we raised our glasses to him. 3) 我想我们应该向女主人祝福。 I think we should raise a glass to our hostess. 2. 疑心 / 兴趣 / 好奇心与日俱增 (one’s suspicions / interest / curiosity) to be aroused over time (L. 7) 随着孩子们年龄的增长，他们对周围世界的好奇心与日俱增。 As children get older, their curiosity about the outside world around them is aroused over time. 3. 全部买进 to buy up (L. 8) 1）听说要涨价，市民们纷纷到商店大量抢购。 Word of price rise sent the citizens to shops to buy up as much as they could. 2） 所有的新型水稻插秧机在出售的当天就很快被卖光了。 All the new rice transplanters were quickly bought up the day they were offered foe sale. 4. 投入大量资金 / 投资于······ to provide a large injection of cash into (L. 9) to pour money into (L. 19) to sink money into (L. 40) 1）政府投入了大量的资金去改善生活环境。 The government provided a large injection of cash into bettering the living environment. 2) 我已经将我所有的钱买了新房，但原我不会后悔才好。 I have sunk all my money into buying a new house: I hope I won’t be sorry. 5. 使······起死回生 / 使······焕发生机 to bring sth. / sb. back to life (L. 10) 1）改革开放政策使深圳这个过去的小镇焕发了生机。 The policy of reform and opening-up brought Shenzhen, a small town in the past, back to life. 2）一个优秀的演员能把虚构的人物演的有声有色。 A great actor can bring a fictional character to life. 3）他确实把这个题目讲活了。 His lecture on the subject really brought it to life. 6. 实践梦想，生活在幻想中 to live out a fantasy (L. 12) 她年轻的时候幻想着自己是个电影明星，过着和她们一样的奢侈生活。 When young, she led an extravagant life, living out a fantasy that she was a movie star. 7. 提升为······
to rise to a position as(L. 16) 经过努力,这位年轻人很快升为公司的总经理。 Through his own effort, the young man soon rose to a position as the general manager of the 8遭到不幸,倒霉 to fall upon dark days(L. 21) 1)当那个地区的人民遭受不幸时,政府和社会各界都表示了他们的关怀和爱心。 When the people in that area fell upon dark days, both the government and the people from all walks of life showed their concern and love 2)听说那位著名诗人处境那困难我们很难过。 We are very sorry to hear that the famous poet has fallen on dark days 9.(尤指在困难时刻)继续支持,忠于∴ to stick by sth /sb.(L. 22) 1)尽管球队目前处于低谷,但忠实的球迷们继续支持她。 Although the team is at the lowest point, the devoted football fans stick by her as they used to 2)无论发生什么事,都可相信他家里人会支持他 His family can be trusted to stick by him whatever happened 3)鲍勃遇上麻烦时她支持了他 She stuck to bob when he was in trouble 10.距广场几家之遥 1)闻名遐迩的秦兵马俑位于西安城东20公里 Twenty kilometers east of Xi'an, there stands the well-known Museum of Qin Dynasty Terracotta Warriors and horses 2)离这所大学几家之遥正在建一座旅馆 A few doors down the university, a new hotel was being built 11.收回,撤回 to get sth. back /take sth. back(L. 30) 这位企业家在此小镇投入巨资,并无意收回,而只是为了回报家乡的养育之恩。 This enterpriser sunk a large amount of money into the town with no intention of getting it back but with the mere purpose of repaying his hometown for her love and care for his growth 12.在他的单独管辖之下 under his sole authority /control (L. 33) 这个地区置于联合国维和部队的单独管辖之下 This region is placed under the sole control of the Peace Troops of UN 13.开展活动,反对/支持 to conduct activities against/for.(L 34) 被占领国的人民举行各种活动反对这个超级大国的入侵。 The people of the occupied country conducted various activities against the invasion of the superpower. 14.深深地吸引了某人;因…使某人着迷 to capture one's heart with(L. 40) 1)电影“泰坦尼克”以它那美妙的音乐和感人的情节深深地打动了许多年轻人的心。 Titanic, a wonderful movie, captured many young people's hearts with its fascinating music and
5 to rise to a position as (L. 16) 经过努力，这位年轻人很快升为公司的总经理。 Through his own effort, the young man soon rose to a position as the general manager of the company. 8. 遭到不幸，倒霉 to fall upon dark days (L. 21) 1)当那个地区的人民遭受不幸时，政府和社会各界都表示了他们的关怀和爱心。 When the people in that area fell upon dark days, both the government and the people from all walks of life showed their concern and love. 2) 听说那位著名诗人处境那困难我们很难过。 We are very sorry to hear that the famous poet has fallen on dark days.， 9.（尤指在困难时刻）继续支持，忠于······ to stick by sth. / sb. (L. 22) 1) 尽管球队目前处于低谷，但忠实的球迷们继续支持她。 Although the team is at the lowest point, the devoted football fans stick by her as they used to. 2) 无论发生什么事，都可相信他家里人会支持他。 His family can be trusted to stick by him whatever happened. 3) 鲍勃遇上麻烦时她支持了他。 She stuck to Bob when he was in trouble. 10. 距广场几家之遥 a few doors down the square (L. 28) 1)闻名遐迩的秦兵马俑位于西安城东 20 公里。 Twenty kilometers east of Xi’an, there stands the well-known Museum of Qin Dynasty Terracotta Warriors and Horses. 2) 离这所大学几家之遥正在建一座旅馆。 A few doors down the university, a new hotel was being built. 11. 收回，撤回 to get sth. back / take sth. back (L. 30) 这位企业家在此小镇投入巨资，并无意收回，而只是为了回报家乡的养育之恩。 This enterpriser sunk a large amount of money into the town with no intention of getting it back but with the mere purpose of repaying his hometown for her love and care for his growth. 12. 在他的单独管辖之下 under his sole authority / control (L. 33 ) 这个地区置于联合国维和部队的单独管辖之下。 This region is placed under the sole control of the Peace Troops of UN. 13. 开展活动，反对 / 支持······ to conduct activities against / for… (L. 34) 被占领国的人民举行各种活动反对这个超级大国的入侵。 The people of the occupied country conducted various activities against the invasion of the superpower. 14. 深深地吸引了某人;因······使某人着迷 to capture one’s heart with (L. 40) 1）电影“泰坦尼克”以它那美妙的音乐和感人的情节深深地打动了许多年轻人的心。 Titanic, a wonderful movie, captured many young people’s hearts with its fascinating music and
touching plots 2)这本书因有漂亮的插图使小男孩着了迷 The book captured the little boy's heart with its beautiful illustrations 3)校园因其美妙风景而是我着迷 The campus captured my heart with its fantastic scenery 15.消失在远方/夜幕中/人群中 to disappear into the distance /in the dark in the crowd (L. 42) 1)当夜幕降临时,整个村庄消失在黑暗中。 As evening came, the whole village disappeared in the dark /into darkness 2)我们站在月台上,看着火车消失在远方 We stood on the platform, looking at the train disappearing into the distance 16.向远方行进 arch over the horizon 部队唱着歌,迈着整齐的步伐向远方前进。 Singing songs, the troops are marching in step over the horizon 17.令他们极为尴尬的/失望的 to their terrible embarrassment/ disappointment(L. 56) 1)令国际社会极为失望的是,两国最终未能达成和平协议。 To the world's terrible disappointment, the two countries eventually failed to reach a peace 2)令他极为尴尬的是,饭后他发现没带足够的确钱 To his terrible embarrassment, he found that he had no enough money with him after dinner 18.蒙受巨大损失 at a substantial loss(L. 59) 花农们原打算卖个好价钱,但因市场疲软,他们蒙受了巨大的经济损失 The flower growers intended to sell their flowers at a satisfying price, but due to the sluggish market, they had to sell them at a substantial loss 19.获取,得到/占领…的绝大部分 to acquire /conquer the bulk of sth. (L. 60) 通过收购其股票,这家国有公司很快控制了那家私营公司绝大部分的股权。 Through purchasing the stocks, the state-owned company soon acquired the bulk of the stocks of that privately-run company 20.和…打交道/作交易 to strike /make /do a deal(s)with.. (L 61) 1)生意人应当以诚信为本,公平交易 a businessman must take honesty as his cardinal principle and make fair deals 2)除非我们达成交易,否则你别想走出这里 You are not going out of here unless we make a deal 3)日本将不得不与美国进行大米进口的交易 Japan will have to do a deal with America on eice imports 的动机 the motive for sth. or doing sth. ( L. 64) 1)获取文凭和学历并不是她们读研的唯一动机。 To obtain a diploma and degree is not at all the only motive that drives them to pursue their
6 touching plots. 2）这本书因有漂亮的插图使小男孩着了迷。 The book captured the little boy’s heart with its beautiful illustrations. 3） 校园因其美妙风景而是我着迷。 The campus captured my heart with its fantastic scenery. 15. 消失在远方/夜幕中/人群中 to disappear into the distance / in the dark / in the crowd (L. 42) 1)当夜幕降临时，整个村庄消失在黑暗中。 As evening came, the whole village disappeared in the dark / into darkness. 2) 我们站在月台上， 看着火车消失在远方。 We stood on the platform , looking at the train disappearing into the distance. 16. 向远方行进 to march over the horizon ( L. 43) 部队唱着歌，迈着整齐的步伐向远方前进。 Singing songs, the troops are marching in step over the horizon. 17. 令他们极为尴尬的/失望的 to their terrible embarrassment / disappointment (L. 56) 1）令国际社会极为失望的是，两国最终未能达成和平协议。 To the world’s terrible disappointment, the two countries eventually failed to reach a peace agreement. 2）令他极为尴尬的是，饭后他发现没带足够的确钱。 To his terrible embarrassment, he found that he had no enough money with him after dinner. 18. 蒙受巨大损失 at a substantial loss ( L. 59) 花农们原打算卖个好价钱，但因市场疲软，他们蒙受了巨大的经济损失。 The flower growers intended to sell their flowers at a satisfying price, but due to the sluggish market, they had to sell them at a substantial loss. 19. 获取，得到 / 占领······的绝大部分 to acquire / conquer the bulk of sth. (L. 60) 通过收购其股票，这家国有公司很快控制了那家私营公司绝大部分的股权。 Through purchasing the stocks, the state-owned company soon acquired the bulk of the stocks of that privately-run company. 20. 和······打交道 / 作交易 to strike / make /do a deal(s) with…(L. 61) 1) 生意人应当以诚信为本，公平交易。 A businessman must take honesty as his cardinal principle and make fair deals. 2)除非我们达成交易，否则你别想走出这里。 You are not going out of here unless we make a deal. 3)日本将不得不与美国进行大米进口的交易。 Japan will have to do a deal with America on eice imports. 21. ······的动机 the motive for sth. or doing sth. (L. 64) 1）获取文凭和学历并不是她们读研的唯一动机。 To obtain a diploma and degree is not at all the only motive that drives them to pursue their
postgraduate studies 2)警察排除了为抢劫而杀人的动机 The police have ruled out robbery as a motive for the kill Part Il Patterns l) Estimates/ A research/ A report/ A poll are/ is that…据估计/研究/报告/调查 FR]: Estimates are that he poured nearly f 5 million of the stolen money into the village and gave jobs to 43 people. (L. 19) 应用:a.根据教育部的一份调查报告,农村失学率是全国平均的七倍,从而导致他们 的失业率是全国平均的两倍左右。 A report by the Department of Education is that in the countryside, the school dropout is seven times the national average, which leads to their unemployment rate twice the national average b专家估计奥运会的举办将会给这个城市带来几十亿美元的收入和几百万个就业机会 stomates by the experts are that the Olympic Games will produce a revenue of billions of dollars and millions of job opportunities for this city 2)According to a latest(official /reliable) survey /census/poll /statistics /figures/data. (主句)根据最新的(官方的/可靠的)调查统计数据, FR A: According to the court, Mr. williams stole more than 8 million pounds over eight years (L.32) 应用:a根据统计局公布的数据,与30年前相比,单亲家庭几乎翻了一倍 According to the statistics released by Census Bureau, single-parent families almost doubled compared with three decades ago b根据对30岁以下的青年人的民意调查,31%的人说“有很多的钱”对他们来说很重要, 比上次的调查上升了12% According to a poll taken among young people under thirty, thirty one percent said that it was very important for them to have lots of money, a jump of twelve percent from the previous survey 2. Typical pat Sb. or Sth. goes from the n. to do . to what is described(known)as/ called 由 变得只能说是 RRA]: I went from the need to pay off a few debts to what can only be described as greed.(L 应用:a那些贪官污吏起初只是想占点小便宜,而后来则变得只能说是贪得无厌 Those corrupt officials went from the desire to gain petty advantages to what can only be b.他对流行音乐的爱好一开始只是为了放松自己,到后来可以说是如醉如痴 His love for pop music went from the need to relax himself to what can be described as craziness c那位普通的青年起初只是出于道义跳水救人,而后来则可以说是一种伟大的精神促使他 次又一次地跳下冰冷的河水,直到献出了自己的生命。 That ordinary young man went from the moral need to save the first drowning person to what can be called a great spirit that drove him to dive into the cold river time and again till his death 3. Typical patterns for introducing different ideas 有一些人说…还有一些人说∴可是谁也没有料到这个事实∷ (There are)Some people(who)say /think /believe /argue that.(There are)Others(who) say / argue/ claim that… But the truth is that…有一些人认为……还有一些人认为
7 postgraduate studies. 2）警察排除了为抢劫而杀人的动机。 The police have ruled out robbery as a motive for the killing. Part II. Patterns 1. 1. Typical patterns for evidence citing 1) Estimates /A research / A report / A poll are / is that …据估计/研究/报告/调查······ 原句: Estimates are that he poured nearly £ 5 million of the stolen money into the village and gave jobs to 43 people . (L. 19) 应用： a. 根据教育部的一份调查报告，农村失学率是全国平均的七倍，从而导致他们 的失业率是全国平均的两倍左右。 A report by the Department of Education is that in the countryside, the school dropout is seven times the national average, which leads to their unemployment rate twice the national average. b.专家估计奥运会的举办将会给这个城市带来几十亿美元的收入和几百万个就业机会。 Estimates by the experts are that the Olympic Games will produce a revenue of billions of dollars and millions of job opportunities for this city. 2) According to a latest (official / reliable) survey /census / poll / statistics / figures / data ..., … (主句) 根据最新的（官方的/可靠的）调查/统计/数据,······ 原句:According to the court, Mr. Williams stole more than 8 million pounds over eight years. (L. 32) 应用：a.根据统计局公布的数据，与 30 年前相比，单亲家庭几乎翻了一倍。 According to the statistics released by Census Bureau, single-parent families almost doubled, compared with three decades ago. b.根据对 30 岁以下的青年人的民意调查，31%的人说“有很多的钱”对他们来说很重要， 比上次的调查上升了 12%。 According to a poll taken among young people under thirty, thirty one percent said that it was very important for them to have lots of money, a jump of twelve percent from the previous survey. 2. Typical patterns for emphasizing the changes in sth. / sb. Sb. or Sth. goes from the + n. to do … to what is described (known) as / called … 由······变得只能说是······ 原句: I went from the need to pay off a few debts to what can only be described as greed. (L. 65) 应用：a.那些贪官污吏起初只是想占点小便宜，而后来则变得只能说是贪得无厌。 Those corrupt officials went from the desire to gain petty advantages to what can only be described as greed. b.他对流行音乐的爱好一开始只是为了放松自己，到后来可以说是如醉如痴。 His love for pop music went from the need to relax himself to what can be described as craziness. c.那位普通的青年起初只是出于道义跳水救人，而后来则可以说是一种伟大的精神促使他 一次又一次地跳下冰冷的河水，直到献出了自己的生命。 That ordinary young man went from the moral need to save the first drowning person to what can be called a great spirit that drove him to dive into the cold river time and again till his death. 3. Typical patterns for introducing different ideas 有一些人说······ 还有一些人说······可是谁也没有料到这个事实······ (There are) Some people (who) say / think / believe / argue that… (There are) Others (who) say / argue / claim that… But the truth is that… 有一些人认为······ 还有一些人认为······ 但
事实是 原句 There are those who say that… There are others who say that… But no one could have possibly guessed the truth that.(L 4-11) 应用:a.有人说是爱在使世界运转。另外一些较为实际不太浪漫的人则认为不是爱,是金 钱。但事实是能源在驱动着整个世界 Some people say that love make mind say that it isn't love, but t. o round. Others of less romantic and more practical ns the world. But the truth is that energy powers the 应用:b.有人认为金钱是幸福之本。也有人认为金钱是万恶之源。而事实上金钱只不过是 达到目的的工具。 money is the source of all evil. But the truth is that money is nothing but a means to an enye There are those who hold that money is the root of happiness. There are others who believe that 4. Typical patterns for cumulative description(渐进句) RR G]: 1 ) He bought noble titles at auctions, spending 95,000 pounds to become the Lord of Chirnside, and then adding on 10 more Scottish titles. ( L. 38-39) 他在拍卖会上买了多个贵族头衔,先是花了95,000英镑成为彻恩赛德勋爵,后来又增加了 十多个苏格兰贵族头衔 2). Mr. Williams deceived everyone, telling them that he inherited the money from a rich uncle (L.53) 威廉斯先生欺騙了所有的人,…,他对他们说自己从一个富有的叔叔那里继承了这笔 钱 3). Mr. Williams bought up property after property, providing such a large injection of cash into 威廉斯先生买下一笔又提笔的地产,给小村投入大量现金 上述三个句子均为渐进句,它是由一个基础句式引出,再逐渐增加具体细节(通常是以独 立结构和分词短语形式出现),使基础句的内容得到补充或深化 应用:a在危难之机,全社会向这些灾民奉献了爱心,捐钱、提供生活必需品和解决实际 问题 During the difficult times, the whole society devoted love to the victims, donating money providing life necessities and solving practical problems b他的务实精神得到完美的体现:说实话、办实事、诚恳待人c Always telling the truth, doing practical things, and exercising honesty in interpersonal contact he fully displays the spirit of realism IV. Writins What Attitude should We Take to sth 社会上对某事务的错误观念 2。更新分析批驳其错误所在 给出如何看待该事 写作模式(批驳分析类) 1)With the arrival /birth of .., sth is becoming more and more.in our life 2)Ht/ Affected with this trend,some/ many people come to believe /contend that.(错误观念) 3) But their viewpoint/ belief could not arouse any echo in my mind(作者的立场)
8 事实是······ 原句:There are those who say that… There are others who say that… But no one could have possibly guessed the truth that… (L. 4-11) 应用：a.有人说是爱在使世界运转。另外一些较为实际不太浪漫的人则认为不是爱，是金 钱。但事实是能源在驱动着整个世界。 Some people say that love makes the world go round. Others of less romantic and more practical mind say that it isn’t love, but money that runs the world. But the truth is that energy powers the world. 应用：b.有人认为金钱是幸福之本。也有人认为金钱是万恶之源。而事实上金钱只不过是 达到目的的工具。 There are those who hold that money is the root of happiness. There are others who believe that money is the source of all evil. But the truth is that money is nothing but a means to an end. 4. Typical patterns for cumulative description (渐进句) 原 句 :1). He bought noble titles at auctions, spending 95,000 pounds to become the Lord of Chirnside, and then adding on 10 more Scottish titles. (L. 38-39) 他在拍卖会上买了多个贵族头衔，先是花了 95，000 英镑成为彻恩赛德勋爵，后来又增加了 十多个苏格兰贵族头衔。 2). Mr. Williams deceived everyone, telling them that he inherited the money from a rich uncle. ( L. 53 ) 威廉斯先生欺骗了所有的人，······, 他对他们说自己从一个富有的叔叔那里继承了这笔 钱。 3). Mr. Williams bought up property after property, providing such a large injection of cash into the village…( L. 8 ) .威廉斯先生买下一笔又提笔的地产，给小村投入大量现金 上述三个句子均为渐进句，它是由一个基础句式引出，再逐渐增加具体细节（通常是以独 立结构和分词短语形式出现），使基础句的内容得到补充或深化。 应用：a.在危难之机，全社会向这些灾民奉献了爱心，捐钱、提供生活必需品和解决实际 问题。 During the difficult times, the whole society devoted love to the victims, donating money, providing life necessities and solving practical problems. b.他的务实精神得到完美的体现：说实话、办实事、诚恳待人。 Always telling the truth, doing practical things, and exercising honesty in interpersonal contact, he fully displays the spirit of realism. IV. Writing What Attitude Should We Take to Sth. 1. 社会上对某事务的错误观念 2。更新分析批驳其错误所在 3。给出如何看待该事 写作模式（批驳分析类） 1) With the arrival / birth of …, sth. is becoming more and more … in our life. 2) Hit / Affected with this trend, some / many people come to believe / contend that ...(错误观念) 3) But their viewpoint / belief could not arouse any echo in my mind.(作者的立场)
4) It is true that sth. is a key ingredient in one's…(让步法分析) 5)On any scale of., in fact, there is almost nothing heavier than sth 6) fwe see sth. in its true colors, however, it is nothing but…(批驳分析D 7)….(进一步阐述)8) And moreover, laying any undue stress on sth. may lead one to as can be easily seen in the cases of…(批驳分析Ⅲ) 9)Therefore, it is necessary to take a correct attitude towards sth 10) On the one hand,(正确看法I) l1) On the other,…(正确看法I) 12) In sum,sth. means… but not… to our life.(结论句) Reference model(参考范文) What Attitude Should We Take to money 社会上对金钱的错误观念 分析批驳其错误所在。 给出如何正确看待金钱的建议 1)With the arrival of market-based economy, money is becoming more and more important in our life. 2)Hit with this trend, many people come to believe that money is above everything else in their life. 3) But their belief could not arouse any echo in my mind 4)It is true that money is a key ingredient in one's struggle towards happiness, without hich, for example, there would be no way to go to college or form a family. 5)On any scale of one's daily worry, in fact, there is almost nothing heavier than money. 6) If we see it in its true colors, however, money is nothing but a means to an end. 7)Money can buy us food, but not appetite; medicine, but not health; diplomas, but not knowledge; and days of joy, but not the whole life of happiness. 8)And moreover, laying any undue stress on money may lead one to stop at nothing in making it, as can be easily seen in the cases of most corrupt officials 9)Therefore, it is necessary to take a correct attitude towards money. 10)On the one hand, money is vital to our daily life, in which case, it is wise of you to spend not where you may sa 11)On the other, money is something to be plowed into something more important, so it is better to spare not where you must spend. 12)In sum, money means something but not everything to our Section B The romantic Life of secret Agent Albert I. Reading skills Broadly defined, to scan is to read quickly in order to locate or find the place in a piece of writing where a particular item of information is given and to take in that item of information This kind of reading involves no reading in any detail of large sections of the pieces of writing Perhaps it is particular useful in reading newspapers or some magazines The steps involved in scanning are the following 1. Decide exactly what information you are looking for, and think about the form it may take. For example, if you want to know when something happened, you would look for a date. If you want to find out who did something, you would look for a name 2. Next, decide where you need to look to find the information you want. You probably would not
9 4) It is true that sth. is a key ingredient in one’s …(让步法分析) 5) On any scale of …, in fact, there is almost nothing heavier than sth.. 6) If we see sth. in its true colors, however, it is nothing but… (批驳分析 I) 7) ... (进一步阐述) 8) And moreover, laying any undue stress on sth. may lead one to …, as can be easily seen in the cases of …(批驳分析 II) 9) Therefore, it is necessary to take a correct attitude towards sth. 10) On the one hand, … (正确看法 I) 11) On the other, ... (正确看法 II) 12) In sum, sth. means …but not … to our life. (结论句) Reference Model（参考范文） What Attitude Should We Take to Money 社会上对金钱的错误观念。 分析批驳其错误所在。 给出如何正确看待金钱的建议。 1) With the arrival of market-based economy, money is becoming more and more important in our life. 2) Hit with this trend, many people come to believe that money is above everything else in their life. 3) But their belief could not arouse any echo in my mind. 4) It is true that money is a key ingredient in one’s struggle towards happiness, without which, for example, there would be no way to go to college or form a family. 5) On any scale of one’s daily worry, in fact, there is almost nothing heavier than money. 6) If we see it in its true colors, however, money is nothing but a means to an end. 7) Money can buy us food, but not appetite; medicine, but not health; diplomas, but not knowledge; and days of joy, but not the whole life of happiness. 8) And moreover, laying any undue stress on money may lead one to stop at nothing in making it, as can be easily seen in the cases of most corrupt officials. 9) Therefore, it is necessary to take a correct attitude towards money. 10) On the one hand, money is vital to our daily life, in which case, it is wise of you to spend not where you may save. 11) On the other, money is something to be plowed into something more important, so it is better to spare not where you must spend. 12) In sum, money means something but not everything to our life. Section B The Romantic Life of Secret Agent Albert I. Reading Skills Broadly defined, to scan is to read quickly in order to locate or find the place in a piece of writing where a particular item of information is given and to take in that item of information. This kind of reading involves no reading in any detail of large sections of the pieces of writing. Perhaps it is particular useful in reading newspapers or some magazines. The steps involved in scanning are the following: 1. Decide exactly what information you are looking for, and think about the form it may take. For example, if you want to know when something happened, you would look for a date. If you want to find out who did something, you would look for a name. 2. Next, decide where you need to look to find the information you want. You probably would not
look for sports scores on the front page of the newspaper, nor would you look under the letter S for the telephone number of Sam Potter 3. Move your eyes as quickly as possible down the page until you find the information you need Read it carefully 4. When you find what you need, do not read further Here are three examples from Text a in this unit that may illustrate how we probably scan for some particular information in the text Example I Obviously, the whole text is from a newspaper. It is a report in fact about a certain person who is not honest. Having a glance at the title, the reader may want to know: Who is he? where did the story take place With these questions in mind, the reader moves his/her eyes quickly down the first paragraph Tomintoul, Scotland- On Saturday night at The Grouse's Nest, they're still willing to raise a glass or to to "Lord williams", though now his title prompts laughter: And now they just call him Tommy".(Para. I, Reading Passage A, Unit 1) Then the reader finds out the place Tomintoul, Scotland"and stops at the word"Tony". By now he/she has got the answer or the information he/she wants Example 2 Having satisfied himself/herself by finding the answers to the first questions, the reader may have others out of curiosity: What is he? How many years did the court sentence him for his crime To answer these questions the reader keeps his/her eyes moving quickly until he/she reaches the following sentence in Paragraph 5 About no weeks ago, a regretful Mr: Williams, who had worked for the London police since 1959 and had risen to a 565,000 a year position as deputy director of finance, was brought into court and sentenced to seven and a half years in prison.(Para. 5, Reading Passage A, Unit 1) Sure enough, the reader can find out the answers that Mr williams had worked for the london police as deputy director of finance and that he was sentenced to seven and a half years in prison by ne court Example 3 Now the reader may be curious enough to know: What is his crime? The reader moves his/her eyes as quickly as possible down again until he/she reaches Paragraph 9, which provides the answer. According to the court, Mr: Williams stole more than f8 million over eight years. Most of it came from a secret fund that had been placed under his sole authority and that was supposed to b used to pay spies and conduct secret activities against the Irish Republican Army Instead, it went to create one more British lord.(Para. 9-10, Reading Passage A, Unit 1) Answer: He stole f8 million over eight years and used the money to create one more British Before you read the passage in section B, try to answer the following questions as quickly as you can Q: 1. Who is the midnight visitor? A. Albert B. Charles
10 look for sports scores on the front page of the newspaper, nor would you look under the letter S for the telephone number of Sam Potter. 3. Move your eyes as quickly as possible down the page until you find the information you need. Read it carefully. 4. When you find what you need, do not read further. Here are three examples from Text A in this unit that may illustrate how we probably scan for some particular information in the text. Example 1 Obviously, the whole text is from a newspaper. It is a report in fact about a certain person who is not honest. Having a glance at the title, the reader may want to know: Who is he? Where did the story take place? With these questions in mind, the reader moves his/her eyes quickly down the first paragraph: Tomintoul, Scotland — On Saturday night at The Grouse’s Nest, they’re still willing to raise a glass or two to “Lord Williams”, though now his title prompts laughter. And now they just call him “Tony”. (Para. 1, Reading Passage A, Unit 1) Then the reader finds out the place “Tomintoul, Scotland” and stops at the word “Tony”. By now he/she has got the answer or the information he/she wants. Example 2 Having satisfied himself/herself by finding the answers to the first questions, the reader may have others out of curiosity: What is he? How many years did the court sentence him for his crime? To answer these questions the reader keeps his/her eyes moving quickly until he/she reaches the following sentence in Paragraph 5. About two weeks ago, a regretful Mr. Williams, who had worked for the London police since 1959 and had risen to a £65,000 a year position as deputy director of finance, was brought into court and sentenced to seven and a half years in prison. (Para. 5, Reading Passage A, Unit 1) Sure enough, the reader can find out the answers that Mr. Williams had worked for the London police as deputy director of finance and that he was sentenced to seven and a half years in prison by the court. Example 3 Now the reader may be curious enough to know: What is his crime? The reader moves his/her eyes as quickly as possible down again until he/she reaches Paragraph 9, which provides the answer. According to the court, Mr. Williams stole more than £8 million over eight years. Most of it came from a secret fund that had been placed under his sole authority and that was supposed to be used to pay spies and conduct secret activities against the Irish Republican Army. Instead, it went to create one more British lord. (Para. 9-10, Reading Passage A, Unit 1) Answer: He stole £8 million over eight years and used the money to create one more British lord. Before you read the passage in section B, try to answer the following questions as quickly as you can. Q: 1. Who is the midnight visitor? A. Albert. B. Charles