Unit 8 Section a There's a Lot more to Life than a Job I Background Information In the context of the reading passage, humanities refers to a broad academic discipline cerned with cople throughout history have expressed, conf complexities of the human condition. It includes such areas of study as Philosophy, Literature Religion ar kindergarten or pre-school, elementary, secondary, and higher education. The first level is early childhood education. Its purpose is to prepare children for school. The second level is elementary education. Education at this level is divided into 6 or 8 grades. And students can attend all kinds of courses. The third level is secondary education. It is for junior or senior high hool students. Some students prepare themselves to go to college, while others take vocational or technical courses to prepare for jobs after graduation. There are many institutions of higher education in the u.s. students at technical institutes can receive an associate degree after they finish a 2-year program. Then they can continue their study at a 4-year college 3. Oscar wilde Oscar Wilde(1854-1900), the son of an eminent Dublin surgeon, was among the outstanding Victorian dramatists. He is renowned for a brilliant series of domestic comedies-Lady Windermere's Fan(1892), A Woman of No Importance(1893), and An Ideal Husband (1894) II. Text Analysis Main idea Should schools simply prepare students for a job, or is there more to life? This is the central issue being discussed in the passage. A survey revealing young people's attitudes to life reminds the author of his regret, and makes him reflect upon the whole educational system. In fact educators should not only satisfy students'desire for career success, but also help them form right outlook on life and see beyond their immediate needs III Structure How is the text organized? The passage, which is a typical argumentation, consists of three parts: part one, serving as an introduction, poses the question of whether education can prepare students both for a job and for career success; part two, with facts and reasons, illustrates what is the most important thing in life, thus clarifying the principle of education; part three, by quoting from Oscar Wilde, suggests Part I(Paras. 1-9) The long-standing mistaken idea on life(Paras. 10-17) The true meaning of lifeParas. 18-19)
Unit 8 Section A There’s a Lot More to Life than a Job I. Background Information 1.Humanities In the context of the reading passage, humanities refers to a broad academic discipline concerned with how people throughout history have expressed, confronted, and understood the complexities of the human condition. It includes such areas of study as Philosophy, Literature, Religion, Art, etc. 2. Education Education in the United States is usually divided into 4 levels. In general, these are kindergarten or pre-school, elementary, secondary, and higher education. The first level is early childhood education. Its purpose is to prepare children for school. The second level is elementary education. Education at this level is divided into 6 or 8 grades. And students can attend all kinds of courses. The third level is secondary education. It is for junior or senior high school students. Some students prepare themselves to go to college, while others take vocational or technical courses to prepare for jobs after graduation. There are many institutions of higher education in the U.S. Students at technical institutes can receive an associate degree after they finish a 2-year program. Then they can continue their study at a 4-year college. 3. Oscar Wilde Oscar Wilde (1854-1900), the son of an eminent Dublin surgeon, was among the outstanding Victorian dramatists. He is renowned for a brilliant series of domestic comedies—Lady Windermere’s Fan (1892), A Woman of No Importance (1893), and An Ideal Husband (1894). II. Text Analysis Main idea Should schools simply prepare students for a job, or is there more to life? This is the central issue being discussed in the passage. A survey revealing young people’s attitudes to life reminds the author of his regret, and makes him reflect upon the whole educational system. In fact, educators should not only satisfy students’ desire for career success, but also help them form right outlook on life and see beyond their immediate needs. III. Structure How is the text organized? The passage, which is a typical argumentation, consists of three parts: part one, serving as an introduction, poses the question of whether education can prepare students both for a job and for career success; part two, with facts and reasons, illustrates what is the most important thing in life, thus clarifying the principle of education; part three, by quoting from Oscar Wilde, suggests the right attitude Part I (Paras. 1-9) The long-standing mistaken idea on life(Paras. 10-17) The true meaning of lifeParas. 18-19)
The educators' duty to their students By quoting from Oscar Wilde, the author points out the way our education should be conducted and then puts forward the solution: We should prepare the students both for a job and for career success, for there's lot more to life than a Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I(Paras. 1-9) Today' s young people have some mistaken ideas towards life: they just want to be financially well off instead of developing a meaningful philosophy of life. Devices for developing it? comeon- analyzing(现象分析法) By quoting a saying and introducing a survey, the author draws the readers' attention to the phenomenon concerning today's young people. Based on his analysis of students' false illusion on remark about young people--survey about young people--young people's mistaken idea--author's argument about life Part ll(Paras. 10-17) What is truly important in life? The quality of life is not determined by a balance sheet People need to have deep insight into life and to develop moral sense. Devices for developing it? Facts- listing(事实列举法) By listing adequate facts and reasons, the author aims at convincing the reader that there lot more to life than a 1. We need to know what is important in life(Para. 10) 2. Age and maturity help us have better understanding of life. (Para. ID) 3. What are the determinant factors of quality of life? (Para. 12) 4. Education helps us to see what is beyond our immediate needs. Paras. 13-17) The argument presented in para. 14 is supported in progressive way by facts and reasons in (paras. 15, 16& 17): Education helps us to see what is beyond our immediate needs Fact one: Weekly we read of unions., only to drive their employer out of business . How long run. (Para. 15) Fact two: in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which depicts..( Para. 16) Fact three: In the long run thats what education really ought to be about My college roommate a business major. But .( Para. 17) Part Ill (Paras. 18-19) According to Oscar Wilder, the principle of education is to give our ability to work and genius to life. Therefore, educators must prepare students both for a career and a meaningful life Devices for developing it? Suggestion- making(建议法) By quoting from Oscar Wilder, the author points out the principle of education and logically Let's hope our educators answer students' cries for career education, but at the same time let's ensure that students are prepared for the day when they realize their shortsighted III. Language points
The educators’ duty to their studentsBy quoting from Oscar Wilde, the author points out the way our education should be conducted and then puts forward the solution: We should prepare the students both for a job and for career success, for there’s lot more to life than a job. Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I (Paras. 1-9) Today’s young people have some mistaken ideas towards life: they just want to be financially well off instead of developing a meaningful philosophy of life. Devices for developing it? Phenomenon-analyzing (现象分析法) By quoting a saying and introducing a survey, the author draws the readers’ attention to the phenomenon concerning today’s young people. Based on his analysis of students’ false illusion on life, the author establishes his argument: remark about young people--survey about young people--young people’s mistaken idea--author’s argument about life Part II (Paras. 10-17) What is truly important in life? The quality of life is not determined by a balance sheet. People need to have deep insight into life and to develop moral sense.Devices for developing it? Facts-listing (事实列举法) By listing adequate facts and reasons, the author aims at convincing the reader that there is a lot more to life than a job. Specific aspects: 1. We need to know what is important in life (Para. 10) 2. Age and maturity help us have better understanding of life.(Para. 11) 3. What are the determinant factors of quality of life? (Para. 12) 4. Education helps us to see what is beyond our immediate needs.(Paras. 13-17) The argument presented in para.14 is supported in progressive way by facts and reasons in (paras. 15, 16 & 17): Education helps us to see what is beyond our immediate needs. Fact one: Weekly we read of unions…, only to drive their employer out of business. ... How shortsighted in the long run. (Para. 15) Fact two: in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which depicts… (Para. 16) Fact three: In the long run that’s what education really ought to be about. My college roommate,… a business major. But… (Para. 17) Part III (Paras. 18-19) According to Oscar Wilder, the principle of education is to give our ability to work and genius to life. Therefore, educators must prepare students both for a career and a meaningful life. Devices for developing it? Suggestion-making (建议法) By quoting from Oscar Wilder, the author points out the principle of education and logically offers his suggestion. Let’s hope our educators answer students’ cries for career education, but at the same time let’s ensure that students are prepared for the day when they realize their shortsightedness. III. Language points
A. Expressions 1.回忆/想起惋惜之情 to recall the regret (L. 3) 每当她在脑海里重温那件相隔已久的往事时,都情不自禁地想起惋惜之情:“早知今日 悔不当初。 Every time she relives that distant event in mind, she could not refrain from recalling the regret, If only I knew then what I know today 2.毫无价值 to hold little value(L. 7) 如果一个人总是想着自己,为自己活着,那么他的人生就毫无价值。 If a person al ways thinks of and lives for himself, then his life holds little value 3.富有 to be well off(L.1l) 在当今社会,一些人千方百计在经济上富裕,而他们的精神世界却是贫穷的。 In the present society, some people have tried every means to get financially well off, but they re spiritually poor 3.处于低潮 to be at a low (L. 15) 尽管研究工作处于低谷,但大家都没有放弃,因为他们坚信通过共同的努力,他们一定会 取得成功。 Although the research work is at a low, they have never given it up, for they firmly believe that through joint efforts they are sure to succeed 在当今社会,一些人千方百计在经济上富裕,而他们的精神世界却是贫穷的 In the present society, some people have tried every means to get financially well off, but they are spiritually poor 4.处于低潮 a) to be at a low①L.15)尽管研究工作处于低谷,但大家都没有放弃,因为他们坚信 通过共同的努力,他们一定会取得成功。 Although the research work is at a low, they have never given it up, for they firmly believe that through joint efforts they are ure b)迅速上升/增加 to be way up (L. 18) 经过长时间的徘徊之后,这家股票的开盘价现在迅速攀升。 Having been fluctuating for a long time, the opening price of this stock is way up now. 6.一想到…就不寒而栗 to tremble to think(L. 25 想到一个接受高等教育的人如此残暴竟然杀害了数名无辜的同学,我们就不寒而栗 We tremble to think that a person with higher education was so cruel as to kill several innocent classmates of his 7.得出结论 to arrive at a conclusion (L. 34) 在没有深入地调查和分析之前,千万不要匆忙地得出结论。 Never arrive at a conclusion in haste until you have made further investigation and deeper analysis 8.应该做某事
A. Expressions 1. 回忆/想起惋惜之情 to recall the regret (L. 3) 每当她在脑海里重温那件相隔已久的往事时，都情不自禁地想起惋惜之情：“早知今日， 悔不当初。” Every time she relives that distant event in mind, she could not refrain from recalling the regret, “If only I knew then what I know today.” 2. 毫无价值 to hold little value (L. 7) 如果一个人总是想着自己，为自己活着，那么他的人生就毫无价值。 If a person always thinks of and lives for himself, then his life holds little value. 3. 富有 to be well off (L. 11) 在当今社会，一些人千方百计在经济上富裕，而他们的精神世界却是贫穷的。 In the present society, some people have tried every means to get financially well off, but they are spiritually poor. 3. 处于低潮 to be at a low (L. 15) 尽管研究工作处于低谷，但大家都没有放弃，因为他们坚信通过共同的努力，他们一定会 取得成功。 Although the research work is at a low, they have never given it up, for they firmly believe that through joint efforts they are sure to succeed. 在当今社会，一些人千方百计在经济上富裕，而他们的精神世界却是贫穷的。 In the present society, some people have tried every means to get financially well off, but they are spiritually poor. 4. 处于低潮 a) to be at a low (L. 15)尽管研究工作处于低谷，但大家都没有放弃，因为他们坚信 通过共同的努力，他们一定会取得成功。 Although the research work is at a low, they have never given it up, for they firmly believe that through joint efforts they are sure to succeed. b) 迅速上升/增加 to be way up (L. 18) 经过长时间的徘徊之后，这家股票的开盘价现在迅速攀升。 Having been fluctuating for a long time, the opening price of this stock is way up now. 6. 一想到······就不寒而栗 to tremble to think (L. 25) 一想到一个接受高等教育的人如此残暴竟然杀害了数名无辜的同学，我们就不寒而栗 We tremble to think that a person with higher education was so cruel as to kill several innocent classmates of his. 7. 得出结论 to arrive at a conclusion (L. 34) 在没有深入地调查和分析之前，千万不要匆忙地得出结论。 Never arrive at a conclusion in haste until you have made further investigation and deeper analysis. 8. 应该做某事
to be meant to do sth (L. 34) 学校教育不应该只是帮助学生学习书本知识,还应该培养他们的綜合能力 School education is not just meant to help students acquire knowledge from textbooks but to develop their all-around abilities as wel 9.深刻领悟到 to have the insight that..(L 只有当大学生走出象牙塔才会悟出,他们的知识根本不能满足社会的需求。 Only when the college students go out of the ivory tower will they have the insight that their nowledge is far from adequate to the needs of society 对……有透彻的理解 to have a perspective on sth. (L. 38) 只有经历了困难和挫折之后,一个人才能对人生的真正含义有透彻的理解。 Only after experiencing hardships and setbacks can one have a perspective on the true meaning of life 的限制之外 beyond the confines of (L. 38) 把任何超越人类知识范畴的事物统统界定为伪科学是没有道理的 It is against reason to define as pseudo-science whatever is beyond the confines of human knowledge 12.为……服务/效劳 to render service to sb. (L. 39) 对军人而言,能够为国家的安全和经济建设服务是他们极大的荣耀, It is a great honor for the army-men to be able to render service to the national security and economic construction 13.为……扫清障碍 prepare t (L.41) 和平共处的五项基本原则为国家间建立友好关系扫清了障碍。 The five principles of peaceful co-existence have prepared the way for the establishment of friendly relationship among countries 14.超越 far removed from (L 45) 在青少年中已经开展了大规模的宣传活动以确保他们远离毒品。 A large-scale publicity program has been conducted among teenagers to ensure that they will be far removed from drugs 15.看到事物之间的联系 to see the connections between things(L. 49) 目光短浅的人往往固步自封,从而看不到事物之间的联系。 A short-sighted person tends to be conservative, thereby failing to see the connections between things 16.超越眼前的需求 to see beyond one's immediate needs(L 49) 现代高等教育应该具有前瞻性,超越眼前的社会需求 Modern college education should be far-sighted and able to see beyond the immediate needs of the society. 使某人破产/倒闭
to be meant to do sth. (L. 34) 学校教育不应该只是帮助学生学习书本知识，还应该培养他们的综合能力 School education is not just meant to help students acquire knowledge from textbooks but to develop their all-around abilities as well. 9. 深刻领悟到······ to have the insight that… (L. 36) 只有当大学生走出象牙塔才会悟出，他们的知识根本不能满足社会的需求。 Only when the college students go out of the ivory tower will they have the insight that their knowledge is far from adequate to the needs of society. 10. 对······有透彻的理解 to have a perspective on sth. (L. 38) 只有经历了困难和挫折之后，一个人才能对人生的真正含义有透彻的理解。 Only after experiencing hardships and setbacks can one have a perspective on the true meaning of life. 11. 在 ······ 的限制之外 beyond the confines of (L. 38) 把任何超越人类知识范畴的事物统统界定为伪科学是没有道理的。 It is against reason to define as pseudo-science whatever is beyond the confines of human knowledge. 12. 为······服务/效劳 to render service to sb. (L. 39) 对军人而言，能够为国家的安全和经济建设服务是他们极大的荣耀。 It is a great honor for the army-men to be able to render service to the national security and economic construction. 13. 为······扫清障碍 to prepare the way for (L. 41) 和平共处的五项基本原则为国家间建立友好关系扫清了障碍。 The five principles of peaceful co-existence have prepared the way for the establishment of friendly relationship among countries. 14. 超越······ ，远离······ far removed from (L. 45) 在青少年中已经开展了大规模的宣传活动以确保他们远离毒品。A large-scale publicity program has been conducted among teenagers to ensure that they will be far removed from drugs. 15. 看到事物之间的联系 to see the connections between things (L. 49) 目光短浅的人往往固步自封，从而看不到事物之间的联系。 A short-sighted person tends to be conservative, thereby failing to see the connections between things. 16. 超越眼前的需求 to see beyond one’s immediate needs (L. 49) 现代高等教育应该具有前瞻性，超越眼前的社会需求。 Modern college education should be far-sighted and able to see beyond the immediate needs of the society. 17. 使某人破产/倒闭
to drive sb. out of business(L. 50) 经营不善和落后的管理理念最终使这个公司走上了破产的绝路。 Poor operation and old-fashioned concept of management eventually drove the company out 从长远的观点看 这项新决策也许会牺牲某些人的短期利益,但从长远的观点看,它有助于确保农业的可 持续性发展。 This new policy may sacrifice some peoples short-term interests, but in the long run, it helps ensure a sustainable development for agriculture 19.明辨是非 to distinguish right from wrong(L. 56) 一些受过高等教育的人仍然不能明辨是非 Some people with higher education are still unable to distinguish right from wrong 把才能/天赋投入到 to give one's ability or genius to sth. (L. 62) 学校倡导大学生改变就业观念,并鼓励他们把自己的才华和天赋投入到西部大开发中 去 Universities promote a change in the concept of employment among the graduates, and encourage them to give their talents and genius to the Western Exploration 21.满足某人对……的渴求 to answer one's cries for sth (L. 63) 当地政府投入巨资兴建了一座新图书馆,以满足市民对知识的渴求。 The local government has poured a large amount of money into the construction of a new city library to answer the citizens cries for knowledge B. Patterns for you to use as models 1. Typical patterns for introducing public opinion about sth RR6: It has often been remarked that the saddest thing about youth is that it is wasted on the young (L 人们常说 青春来说,最令人悲伤的事情莫过于青春在年轻时被浪赀掉了 句型提炼 It has often/always been remarked(saidthat the saddest (the most pleasing) thing about sth is that人们常常说:对于某事而言,最令人悲伤/高兴的事情莫过于 应用 a.人们常常说:对于人生而言,最大的幸福莫过于财富的积累——你获得的毎一条经 验,你发现的每一个真理,你结交的每一位朋友… It has often been said that the happiest thing about life is that it is a buildup of treasures-every experience youve gained, every truth you ve found, every friend you ve made 应用 b.人们常常说:对于婚姻而言,最浪漫的事情莫过于它是由两个相互忠贞不渝的人组 成 It has often been remarked that the most romantic thing about marriage is that it is made up of two people who remain faithful to each other
to drive sb. out of business (L. 50) 经营不善和落后的管理理念最终使这个公司走上了破产的绝路。 Poor operation and old-fashioned concept of management eventually drove the company out of business. 18. 从长远的观点看 in the long run (L. 51) 这项新决策也许会牺牲某些人的短期利益，但从长远的观点看，它有助于确保农业的可 持续性发展。 This new policy may sacrifice some people’s short-term interests, but in the long run, it helps ensure a sustainable development for agriculture. 19. 明辨是非 to distinguish right from wrong (L. 56) 一些受过高等教育的人仍然不能明辨是非 Some people with higher education are still unable to distinguish right from wrong. 19. 把才能/天赋投入到······ to give one’s ability or genius to sth. (L. 62) 学校倡导大学生改变就业观念，并鼓励他们把自己的才华和天赋投入到西部大开发中 去。 Universities promote a change in the concept of employment among the graduates, and encourage them to give their talents and genius to the Western Exploration. 21. 满足某人对······的渴求 to answer one’s cries for sth. (L. 63) 当地政府投入巨资兴建了一座新图书馆，以满足市民对知识的渴求。 The local government has poured a large amount of money into the construction of a new city library to answer the citizens’ cries for knowledge. B. Patterns for you to use as models 1. Typical patterns for introducing public opinion about sth.: 原句: It has often been remarked that the saddest thing about youth is that it is wasted on the young. (L. 1) 人们常说：对于青春来说，最令人悲伤的事情莫过于青春在年轻时被浪费掉了。 句型提炼 It has often / always been remarked (said) that the saddest (the most pleasing) thing about sth. is that…人们常常说：对于某事而言，最令人悲伤/ 高兴的事情莫过于 ······ 应用： a. 人们常常说：对于人生而言，最大的幸福莫过于财富的积累——你获得的每一条经 验，你发现的每一个真理，你结交的每一位朋友······It has often been said that the happiest thing about life is that it is a buildup of treasures—every experience you’ve gained, every truth you’ve found, every friend you’ve made ... 应用： b. 人们常常说：对于婚姻而言，最浪漫的事情莫过于它是由两个相互忠贞不渝的人组 成。 It has often been remarked that the most romantic thing about marriage is that it is made up of two people who remain faithful to each other
2. Typical patterns for providing evidence 原句 According to the survey based on responses from over 188,000 students, todays college beginners are"more consumeristic and less idealistic than at any time in the seventeen 根据以18000多名学生的答卷为基础的调查,当今的大学生比这项民意调查开始以来 的17年中的任何时候的大学生都“更主张消费,但少了点理想ˆ。 句型提炼 According to the survey based on responses from. sb. / sth is more. than at any time in. 根据以……的答卷为基础的调查,某人/某事比……任何时候都更…应用: a.根据以10,000名青少年的答卷为基础的调查,今天的孩子在智力、体力和心理上比 历史上任何时候都更成熟。 According to the survey based on responses from10.000 teenagers, todays children are more mature in mental, physical and psychological development than at any time in history 应用 b.根据对1,360位来自10个不同学校的学生所进行的调查,今天的孩子在情感和心理 方面比20世纪80年代任何时期的孩子都更容易受到伤害。 ccording to the survey conducted among 1360 teenagers from ten different schools, todays children are more likely to be emotionally and psychologically hurt than at any time in 1980,s 3. Typical patterns for describing contrasts 原句 Interest in teaching, social service and the humanities is at a low, along with ethnic and womens studies On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up. (L. 14) 如今人们对当教师、社会服务和人文学科、还冇种族和妇女研究的兴趣都处于低潮。另 方面,攻读商科、工程学及计算机科学的学生人数却在迅速增加 句型提炼 Interest in...( Enthusiasm for./Quest for./Commitment to ..)is at a low, along with On the other hand, enrollment in...( passion for./ pursuit of.. / competition for. .)is way up.如今人们对…、还有……的兴趣(热情腽追玊/信奉)都处于低潮。另一方面,攻 读……的人数(对……的激情/追求/竟争)却在迅速增加, 应用: 根据时下的时尚潮流,人们对正式、繁复的设计还有奢华的风格兴趣不高,另 方面,简约主义却正在兴起 With the current trend in fashion, interest in formal and complex design is at a low, along with the luxury style. On the other hand, simplicity is way up 应用 b.随着整个社会经济的发展,人们对安逸和金钱的追求正成为次要,另一方面,对知 识、真理和品行的追求都在变得愈加强烈。 With the economical development of the whole society, quest for ease and comfort is at a low, along with the pursuit of money. On the other hand, quest for knowledge, truth and moral conduct is way up 4. Typical patterns for progressive reasoning 原句
2. Typical patterns for providing evidence: 原句: According to the survey based on responses from over 188,000 students, today’s college beginners are “more consumeristic and less idealistic ” than at any time in the seventeen years of the poll.（L. 8） 根据以 188000 多名学生的答卷为基础的调查，当今的大学生比这项民意调查开始以来 的 17 年中的任何时候的大学生都“更主张消费，但少了点理想”。 句型提炼 According to the survey based on responses from…, sb. / sth. is more…than at any time in… 根据以······的答卷为基础的调查，某人/某事比······任何时候都更······应用： a. 根据以 10,000 名青少年的答卷为基础的调查，今天的孩子在智力、体力和心理上比 历史上任何时候都更成熟。According to the survey based on responses from 10,000 teenagers, today’s children are more mature in mental, physical and psychological development than at any time in history. 应用： b. 根据对 1,360 位来自 10 个不同学校的学生所进行的调查，今天的孩子在情感和心理 方面比 20 世纪 80 年代任何时期的孩子都更容易受到伤害。 According to the survey conducted among 1360 teenagers from ten different schools, today’s children are more likely to be emotionally and psychologically hurt than at any time in 1980’s.3. Typical patterns for describing contrasts: 原句: Interest in teaching, social service and the humanities is at a low, along with ethnic and women’s studies. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up. ( L. 14) 如今人们对当教师、社会服务和人文学科、还有种族和妇女研究的兴趣都处于低潮。另 一方面，攻读商科、工程学及计算机科学的学生人数却在迅速增加。 句型提炼 Interest in… ( Enthusiasm for… / Quest for… / Commitment to…) is at a low, along with… On the other hand, enrollment in… ( passion for… / pursuit of… / competition for…) is way up. 如今人们对······、还有······的兴趣(热情/追求/信奉)都处于低潮。另一方面，攻 读 ······ 的人数(对·······的激情/追求/竞争)却在迅速增加。 应用： a. 根据时下的时尚潮流，人们对正式、繁复的设计还有奢华的风格兴趣不高，另 一方面，简约主义却正在兴起。 With the current trend in fashion, interest in formal and complex design is at a low, along with the luxury style. On the other hand, simplicity is way up. 应用： b. 随着整个社会经济的发展，人们对安逸和金钱的追求正成为次要，另一方面，对知 识、真理和品行的追求都在变得愈加强烈。With the economical development of the whole society, quest for ease and comfort is at a low, along with the pursuit of money. On the other hand, quest for knowledge, truth and moral conduct is way up. 4. Typical patterns for progressive reasoning: 原句:
While it is true all of us need s equally true that. And we are better for. More importantly, perhaps, education teaches us.虽然我们所有的人都确实雪需要……,但同样 确实的是……而且正因为……我们变得更有本领……也许更重要的是,教育使我 们……句型提炼 While it is true(that)sb/ sth need., it is equally true that sb/sth..And sb /sth is more.for. More importantly, perhaps 虽然某人/某事确实需要……,但同样确实的是……。而且正是因为…·某人/某事才 会更……。也许更重要的是 应用:a.虽然我们的生活确实需要改善,但同样确实的是我们的民族需要腾飞。而 且正是因为我们民族的腾飞我们才会更加富裕。也许更重要的是,发展教育与科学可 以使我们的双梦成真。 (While it is true our life needs to be improved, it is equally true that our nation needs to make rapid advance. And we are better off for the rise of our nation in the world. More importantly, perhaps, the development of education and science can turn both of our dreams nto reality 应用 b虽然人身安全确实需要保障,但同样确实的是社会秩序需要维护。而且正是因为社会 的稳定我们才会感到更安全。也许更重要的是,全社会应弘扬正气,根除任何陋习 While it is true personal safety needs to be guaranteed, it is equally true that social order needs to be preserved. And we feel safer for social stability. More importantly, perhaps, our society as a whole should carry forward the healthy trends and do away with any ugly Section B What Youngsters Expect in Life I Backgound information 1. The harris poll --lLouis Harris is a pollster and public opinion analyst and has been director of the Time magazine harris poll since 1969, in 1956 he established his own firm in New York city. Harris'services were especially associated with election campaign-initially and most John F. kennedys campain and later with the campaigns of hundreds of other candidates, including President, governor US senators and representatrves, mayors, and other officails, both Democrats and Republicans Harris' firm helped candidates to determine what strategies issues and aspects of personality might be most effective with voters harris also did much of his work outside 2. Scholastic corporation is a global children's publishing and media company. Scholastic creat quality educational and entertaining materials and prod at including children' s books、 textbooks、 magazines、 techonology- based products、 teacher materials, television programming videos and toys 3. Alfred North Whitehead(1861-1947 )british mathematician and philosopher II. Language points
While it is true all of us need…, it is equally true that… And we are better for… More importantly, perhaps, education teaches us…虽然我们所有的人都确实需要······ ，但同样 确实的是······ 而且正因为······我们变得更有本领······ 也许更重要的是，教育使我 们······句型提炼While it is true (that) sb. / sth. need…, it is equally true that sb. / sth.… And sb. / sth. is more… for… More importantly, perhaps,… 虽然某人/某事确实需要······ ，但同样确实的是······。而且正是因为······ 某人/某事才 会更······。 也许更重要的是，······ 应用：a. 虽然我们的生活确实需要改善，但同样确实的是我们的民族需要腾飞。而 且正是因为我们民族的腾飞我们才会更加富裕。 也许更重要的是，发展教育与科学可 以使我们的双梦成真。 (While it is true our life needs to be improved, it is equally true that our nation needs to make rapid advance. And we are better off for the rise of our nation in the world. More importantly, perhaps, the development of education and science can turn both of our dreams into reality. 应用： b.虽然人身安全确实需要保障，但同样确实的是社会秩序需要维护。而且正是因为社会 的稳定我们才会感到更安全。也许更重要的是，全社会应弘扬正气，根除任何陋习 While it is true personal safety needs to be guaranteed, it is equally true that social order needs to be preserved. And we feel safer for social stability. More importantly, perhaps, our society as a whole should carry forward the healthy trends and do away with any ugly practices. Section B What Youngsters Expect in Life I. Backgound information 1. The Harris Poll --Louis Harris is a pollster and public opinion analyst and has been director of the Time magazine harris poll since 1969, in 1956 he established his own firm in New York city. Harris’ services were especially associated with election campaign-initially and most John F. kennedy’s campain and later with the campaigns of hundreds of other candidantes, including President、governor、 US senators and representatrves、mayors、and other officails, both Democrats and Republicans. Harris’ firm helped candidates to determine what strategies issues and aspects of personality might be most effective with voters Harris also did much of his work outside politics. 2. Scholastic corporation is a global children’s publishing and media company . Scholastic creats quality educational and entertaining materials and products for use in school and at home, including children’s books 、textbooks、 magazines、 techonology-based products 、teacher materials、television programming videos and toys. 3. Alfred North Whitehead(1861-1947)british mathematician and philosopher. II. Language Points
1.新工厂很大有地方可以扩展 The new factory is large, to allow room for expansion expansion:n. action of expanding, state of being expanded扩大,扩张,膨胀 2.为了谨慎起见,我们还是再多安排10分钟吧。 Lets allow an extra ten minutes, just to play it safe 公共汽车可能会早到,所以为了保险起见我们最好现在就动身。 The bus might be early, so we'd better play safe and leave now. play(it)safe: carefully avoid risks稳扎稳打,小心行事 3孩子们的激动是十分自然的,这是他们第一次出国 No wonder the children are excited; this is the first time they' ve been abroad.你吃这么多 难怪睡不着。 er you can't sleep when you eat so much. no wonder: it is not surprising不令人吃惊,难怪 4.德里克这样做纯粹是出于贪婪。 What motivates Derek is simply an unhealthy desire for more and more 他们这样做是出于想帮助人的愿望。 They are motivated by a desire to help people motivate:v.1. cause to want to do sth.激起(兴趣),激发(行动)2. be the reason for(sb:s action, cause(sb.) to act in a particular way作为(…行为的)动机;激励 5.在天黑之前找到那个落难的孩子应该是可能的。 There's a reasonable prospect of reaching the trapped child before it gets dark 汽车工业前途看好 The prospects of the car industry are bright prospect:n.1.(pl) chance of success前景,前程,前途 2. possibility or strong chance of sth. happening前景,可能性 字根 spect,意思为“看见” spectacle n.景象 spectacular a.壮观的 spectator n.旁观者 circumspect a.慎重的 aspect V.检查 ntrospect v.内省 prospective a.预期的 respect V.尊敬 retrospect v.回顾 suspect v.怀疑 6他办事没有条理,没有效率,当你需要他时总找不到他 句话,这个人没治了 He's disorganized, he's inefficient, and he's never there when you want him -in short, the mans hopeless 财政情况糟透了:一句话,我们没钱了 Things couldnt be worse, financially: in short, we have no money n short: in a few words; briefly总之,简言之 7和军队生活相比,学校生活是舒适的。 The life at school seems comfortable by comparison with that in the army 伦敦最高的建筑与纽约的相比就相形见绌了。 The tallest ngs in London are small by comparison with those in New York by comparison: when compared比较起来 8.进出口的比例令政府担忧 The proportion of imports to exports is worrying the government 这个国家的大部分地方是沙漠 A large proportion of the country is desert
1. 新工厂很大,有地方可以扩展。 The new factory is large, to allow room for expansion. expansion: n. action of expanding; state of being expanded 扩大，扩张，膨胀 2. 为了谨慎起见，我们还是再多安排 10 分钟吧。 Let’s allow an extra ten minutes, just to play it safe. 公共汽车可能会早到，所以为了保险起见我们最好现在就动身。 The bus might be early, so we'd better play safe and leave now. play (it) safe: carefully avoid risks 稳扎稳打，小心行事 3 孩子们的激动是十分自然的，这是他们第一次出国。 No wonder the children are excited; this is the first time they’ve been abroad. .你吃这么多 难怪睡不着。 . No wonder you can’t sleep when you eat so much. no wonder: it is not surprising 不令人吃惊，难怪 4. 德里克这样做纯粹是出于贪婪。 . What motivates Derek is simply an unhealthy desire for more and more. . 他们这样做是出于想帮助人的愿望。 . They are motivated by a desire to help people. motivate: v. 1. cause to want to do sth. 激起(兴趣)，激发(行动) 2. be the reason for (sb.’s action); cause (sb.) to act in a particular way 作为(······行为的)动机；激励 5. 在天黑之前找到那个落难的孩子应该是可能的。 There’s a reasonable prospect of reaching the trapped child before it gets dark. 汽车工业前途看好。 The prospects of the car industry are bright. prospect: n. 1. (pl.) chance of success 前景，前程，前途 2. possibility or strong chance of sth. happening 前景，可能性 字根 spect, 意思为“看见” spectacle n. 景象 spectacular a. 壮观的 spectator n. 旁观者 circumspect a. 慎重的 inspect v. 检查 introspect v. 内省 prospective a. 预期的 respect v. 尊 敬 retrospect v. 回顾 suspect v. 怀疑 6 他办事没有条理，没有效率, 当你需要他时总找不到他 — 一句话, 这个人没治了。 He’s disorganized, he’s inefficient, and he’s never there when you want him — in short, the man’s hopeless. 财政情况糟透了：一句话，我们没钱了。 Things couldn’t be worse, financially: in short, we have no money. in short: in a few words; briefly 总之，简言之 7 和军队生活相比，学校生活是舒适的。 . The life at school seems comfortable by comparison with that in the army. 伦敦最高的建筑与纽约的相比就相形见绌了。 The tallest buildings in London are small by comparison with those in New York. by comparison: when compared 比较起来 8. 进出口的比例令政府担忧。 . The proportion of imports to exports is worrying the government. 这个国家的大部分地方是沙漠。 A large proportion of the country is desert
proportion: n. 1. a comparative part or share of a whole BBs, Bi 2. relation of one thing to another in quantity,size,etc.比例,比率 9.如果你说不出什么建设性的话,我看你还是别说 If you dont have anything constructive to say, I'd rather you keep quiet 她对我的作品进行了建设性的评论-我从她那儿学到了很多东西。 She criticized my writing but in a way that was very constructive-l learned a lot from her 10.小时候,我曾想像自己是个王子。 When I was a child, I had visions of being a prince. 人们戴眼镜以改善视力 People wear glasses to improve their vision 11我可不想让自己与任何政治言论有什么联系。 I'd rather not associate myself with any political statements 人们通常是不会把他和那位作者联系在一起的一他们的风格迥然不同。 You wouldnt normally associate him with that writer- their styles are completely different associate with:join( people or things) together联合,联系 12.他也加入了失业的行列 He joined the ranks of the unemployed, too 这个政党的领导似乎正在失去普通党员的支持。 The party leadership seems to be losing the support of the ranks rank: n. 1.(usu. the -s or the and file)ordinary members of an organization, esp. of the armed forces普通成员,普通士兵 13.他被提升到上尉军阶 这个展览对各个阶层的人士开放。 The exhibition is open to people of all ranks and classes le was promoted to the rank of captain rank: n. 2. position higher or lower than others,, showing the importance or the degree of responsibility of the person having it,(high) social class地位,级别;(高)社会阶层 14逃走的罪犯仍逍遥法外 The escaped criminal is still at large 基础教育是重要问题,需要整个社会来讨论 Elementary education is an important issue that needs to be discussed by society at large at large:1. as a whole, in general全部,整个 2. not in confinement or captivity未被捕获的 15医学检查显示婴儿的心率不齐 The medical tests showed some variation in the baby's heart rate 他无休止的抱怨,说来说去全是同一码子事 lis endless complaints are all variations on the same thing variation:n.1. sth. that is presented in a slightly different forn变异,变化 2. change in amount or level变化(量),变动(程度) 16据预测今年石油价格增长将低于2% Oil prices are forecast to increase by less than 2% this year 根据天气预报,明天是晴天 According to the weather forecast, it will be sunny tomorrow forecast:1.n. a statement that predicts sth. with the help of information预测,预报
proportion: n. 1. a comparative part or share of a whole 部分，份 2. relation of one thing to another in quantity, size, etc. 比例，比率 9. 如果你说不出什么建设性的话，我看你还是别说。 . If you don’t have anything constructive to say, I’d rather you keep quiet. 她对我的作品进行了建设性的评论--我从她那儿学到了很多东西。 . She criticized my writing but in a way that was very constructive — I learned a lot from her. 10. 小时候, 我曾想像自己是个王子。 . When I was a child, I had visions of being a prince. 人们戴眼镜以改善视力。 People wear glasses to improve their vision. 11 我可不想让自己与任何政治言论有什么联系。 I’d rather not associate myself with any political statements. 人们通常是不会把他和那位作者联系在一起的—他们的风格迥然不同。 . You wouldn’t normally associate him with that writer — their styles are completely different. associate with: join (people or things) together 联合，联系 12. 他也加入了失业的行列。 . He joined the ranks of the unemployed, too. . 这个政党的领导似乎正在失去普通党员的支持。 The party leadership seems to be losing the support of the ranks. rank: n. 1. (usu. the ~s or the ~ and file) ordinary members of an organization, esp. of the armed forces 普通成员，普通士兵 13. 他被提升到上尉军阶。 这个展览对各个阶层的人士开放。 . The exhibition is open to people of all ranks and classes. He was promoted to the rank of captain. rank: n. 2. position higher or lower than others’, showing the importance or the degree of responsibility of the person having it; (high) social class 地位, 级别；（高）社会阶层 14 逃走的罪犯仍逍遥法外。 The escaped criminal is still at large. 基础教育是重要问题，需要整个社会来讨论。 . Elementary education is an important issue that needs to be discussed by society at large. at large: 1. as a whole; in general 全部，整个 2. not in confinement or captivity 未被捕获的 15 医学检查显示婴儿的心率不齐。 The medical tests showed some variation in the baby’s heart rate. 他无休止的抱怨,说来说去全是同一码子事。 His endless complaints are all variations on the same thing. variation: n. 1. sth. that is presented in a slightly different form 变异, 变化 2. change in amount or level 变化（量），变动（程度） 16 据预测今年石油价格增长将低于 2%。 Oil prices are forecast to increase by less than 2% this year. . 根据天气预报，明天是晴天。 According to the weather forecast, it will be sunny tomorrow. forecast: 1. n. a statement that predicts sth. with the help of information 预测，预报
2.v. predict with the help of information预言,预测,预报 前缀fore-,意思为“在……之前 forearm n.前臂 forefather n.祖先 forefinger n.食指 foregoing a.前述的 foreground n.前景 forehead n.前额 foreman n.工头 foremost a.首要的 forewarn v.预先警告 foreword n.前言 17他在一个阴沉的冬日来看我 He came to see me in a gloomy winter day 你发什么愁?打起精神来! What are you so gloomy about? Cheer up! gloomy:a.1.( that makes people) sad and disappointed令人沮丧的,令人忧郁的2. dark or unlighted昏暗的,阴暗的,阴沉的 8这是一个长期以来在该地区军事上居主导地位的国家。 It is a country that has long been the dominant military power in the region 她一生中对她影响最大的是她父亲。 The dominant influence in her life was her father dominant: a. more important, strong, noticeable, etc. than anything else of the same type i 重要的,占统治地位的,支配的 19他的财产包括公司的股份和在伦敦的一所房子。 His assets included shares in the any and a house in London 健康的身体是一笔极大的财富 Good health is a great asset asset: n. 1.(pl )thing, esp property, owned by a person, company, etc. that has value and can e used or sold财产,资产2. a valuable or useful quality, skill or person有价值的特性 (技能,人才) 20如果我们不尽快采取措施,整个戏剧行业将会出现萧条。 If we dont take measures soon, the whole theatre industry could grind to a halt 罢工使工业生产逐渐停顿下来 The strike brought industry grinding to a halt. grind to a halt: gradually stop(指过程)慢慢停止 21.我队在第一轮比赛中就被淘汰 Our team was eliminated from the competition in the first round 养成健康的饮食习惯有助于根除心脏病。 a move towards healthy eating could help eliminate heart disease eliminate:n. remove or take away排除,消除,根除 II Translation 人生的意义岂止是谋生 人们常常说:对于青春来说,最令人悲伤的事情莫过于青春在年轻时被浪费掉了 在阅读一份对大学一年级新生作的调查报告时,我又想起了这种惋惜之情:“要是当初 我就懂得了我到现在才领悟到的东西,该有多好!” 这份调查报告揭示了我以前在梅肯和罗宾斯学生寄宿中心对学生进行的非正式民意调 查的结果:学生们认为如果某种东西(不管它是何物)没有实际的经济意义,你不能把它当 酒喝、当烟抽、当钱花,那么“它”就简毫无价值 根据以188,000多名学生的答卷为基础的调查,当今的大学新生比这项民意测验开始
2. v. predict with the help of information 预言，预测，预报 前缀 fore-, 意思为“在······之前” forearm n. 前臂 forefather n. 祖先 forefinger n. 食指 foregoing a. 前述的 foreground n. 前景 forehead n. 前额 foreman n. 工头 foremost a. 首 要 的 forewarn v. 预先警告 foreword n. 前言 17 他在一个阴沉的冬日来看我。 . He came to see me in a gloomy winter day. 你发什么愁？打起精神来！ What are you so gloomy about? Cheer up! gloomy: a. 1. (that makes people) sad and disappointed 令人沮丧的，令人忧郁的 2. dark or unlighted 昏暗的，阴暗的，阴沉的 18 这是一个长期以来在该地区军事上居主导地位的国家。 It is a country that has long been the dominant military power in the region. . 她一生中对她影响最大的是她父亲。 . The dominant influence in her life was her father. dominant: a. more important, strong, noticeable, etc. than anything else of the same type 最 重要的，占统治地位的，支配的 19 他的财产包括公司的股份和在伦敦的一所房子。 His assets included shares in the company and a house in London. 健康的身体是一笔极大的财富。 Good health is a great asset. asset: n. 1. (pl.) thing, esp. property, owned by a person, company, etc. that has value and can be used or sold 财产，资产 2. a valuable or useful quality, skill or person 有价值的特性 （技能，人才） 20 如果我们不尽快采取措施，整个戏剧行业将会出现萧条。 If we don’t take measures soon, the whole theatre industry could grind to a halt. 罢工使工业生产逐渐停顿下来。 The strike brought industry grinding to a halt. grind to a halt: gradually stop (指过程) 慢慢停止 21. 我队在第一轮比赛中就被淘汰。 Our team was eliminated from the competition in the first round. 养成健康的饮食习惯有助于根除心脏病。 A move towards healthy eating could help eliminate heart disease. eliminate: n. remove or take away 排除，消除，根除 III. Translation 人生的意义岂止是谋生 人们常常说：对于青春来说，最令人悲伤的事情莫过于青春在年轻时被浪费掉了。 在阅读一份对大学一年级新生作的调查报告时，我又想起了这种惋惜之情：“要是当初 我就懂得了我到现在才领悟到的东西，该有多好！” 这份调查报告揭示了我以前在梅肯和罗宾斯学生寄宿中心对学生进行的非正式民意调 查的结果：学生们认为如果某种东西（不管它是何物）没有实际的经济意义，你不能把它当 酒喝、当烟抽、当钱花，那么“它”就简毫无价值。 根据以 188，000 多名学生 的答卷为基础的调查，当今的大学新生比这项民意测验开始
