Unit 5 Text A Prison Studies L Teaching Objectives 1. To understand the audio materials of this unit 2. To grasp the key words, Phrases and structure 3. To mast the skills of writing and reading in this unit 1)understanding the writing skill of a personal narrative 2)mastering the reading skill of skimming the text for main ideas, and reading the text carefully for the details IL. Teaching Content 1. Lead-in activities 2. Text Organization 3. Skill learning in writing and reading 4. Language points( key words, phrases and difficult sentences 5. Grammar Focus(The pattern may /might as well do sth. 6. Guided Practice(exercises, oral practice and group work) 7. After-class Assignments IIL. Teaching process 1. Warm-up Activity 1)What do you often do in your spare time? 2) What do you think of the role that reading plays in you life? 2. Text-organization Part I(Paral) Introduction: My profound knowledge is the result of my prison studies Part II(Para 2-14) Main body: How I began my prison studies and how hard I kept it Part Ill(Para 15-16)Conclusion: The prison studies is so significant that it has changed my 3. Skill Learning in Writing and reading Text A is an example of a personal narrative. Malcolm X is telling an important story from his own life, and he presents the events in the order in which they occurred. Malcolm X's story is effective because it is centered around a theme- how his prison studies have changed his life by giving him a love of reading-and because it contains many details that let the reader vividly picture the experience he is describing For example, to write a story of an important event from your own life. This could be an event from your personal life or an important event from your school career. Be sure to clearly de the events and to include details which will let the reader know how you felt and why this event was important to you. 4. Language points 1. Many ho today hear me some where in person, or on television.. will think that I went to hool far beyond the eighth grade. Many people who are actually present at my speeches somewhere or hear them on television these days... will think that I have got much more education than just eight years schooling
Unit 5 Text A Prison Studies I. Teaching Objectives 1. To understand the audio materials of this unit. 2. To grasp the key words, Phrases and structure. 3. To mast the skills of writing and reading in this unit. 1) understanding the writing skill of a personal narrative 2) mastering the reading skill of skimming the text for main ideas, and reading the text carefully for the details. II. Teaching Content 1. Lead-in activities 2. Text Organization 3. Skill learning in writing and reading 4. Language points ( key words, phrases and difficult sentences) 5. Grammar Focus (The pattern may / might as well do sth. ) 6. Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work) 7. After-class Assignments III. Teaching Process 1. Warm-up Activity: Questions for Ss’ discussion: 1) What do you often do in your spare time? 2) What do you think of the role that reading plays in you life? 2. Text-organization Part I (Para1) Introduction: My profound knowledge is the result of my prison studies. Part II (Para 2-14) Main body: How I began my prison studies and how hard I kept it. Part III (Para 15-16) Conclusion: The prison studies is so significant that it has changed my life course forever. 3. Skill Learning in Writing and Reading Text A is an example of a personal narrative. Malcolm X is telling an important story from his own life, and he presents the events in the order in which they occurred. Malcolm X’s story is effective because it is centered around a theme - how his prison studies have changed his life by giving him a love of reading – and because it contains many details that let the reader vividly picture the experience he is describing. For example, to write a story of an important event from your own life. This could be an event from your personal life or an important event from your school career. Be sure to clearly describe the events and to include details which will let the reader know how you felt and why this event was important to you. 4. Language Points 1. Many who today hear me somewhere in person, or on television … will think that I went to school far beyond the eighth grade. – Many people who are actually present at my speeches somewhere or hear them on television these days… will think that I have got much more education than just eight years’ schooling
If you do something or go somewhere in person, you do it or go there yourself so that you are physically present e.g. I had seen her before on TV, but she looked very different when I met her in person They talk a lot to one another, over the telephone and in person 2. Bimbi had always taken charge of any conversation he was in, and I had tried to emulate him.- Bimbi had always been the leading speaker of any conversation in which he took part, and I had tried to follow his example Take charge of- take control of; become responsible fo e.g. The boss asked him to take charge of the office for a few days when she was away. They advertised for a nurse to take sole charge of their children while they were at work 3. But every book I picked up had few sentences which didnt contain anywhere from one to nearly all of the words that might as well have been in Chinese.- But every book I took up was full of sentences which contained one or almost all of the words which were completely unknown to me Few sentences which didnt contain=many sentences that contain Anywhere from one to nearly all -indefinitely from one to almost all You can use anywhere to refer to a point(e.g an amount )within a stated range when you do not know what exactly the point i e.g. You could expect to be paid anywhere between $7 and $15 an hour He could get anywhere form three to seven years'imprisonment Words that might as well have been in Chinese -words that were as unknown to me as if th 4. still going through only book-reading motions -still reading books without understanding o through motions- pretend to do something by making the movements associated with the articular action e.g. The actor went through the motions of putting imaginary noodles into his mouth le caught my eye and went through the motions of sympathetically clapping 5. the best thing I could do was get hold of a dictionary -the best way to carry on reading was to find a dictionary get hold of-take in the hands, manage to find e.g. I threw him the rope and he got hold of it Where can I get hold of some stamps? The phrase get hold of is an infinitive without to used as the subject complement of the sentence While in most cases an infinitive with to is used as the subject complement, to can be omitted when the subject contains a structure in which the verb do occurs e.g. Your mistake was not to write that letter What I suggest is to start work at once All she seems to do is gossip with her neighbors What I really wanted to do was drive all night. 6. I was lucky enough to reason also that I should try to improve my penmanship It was sad It certainly did me a lot of good to decide that I should also improve my handwriting, hich was regretful Penmanship refers to the skill, style or art in writing while handwriting is simply a persons
If you do something or go somewhere in person, you do it or go there yourself so that you are physically present. e.g. I had seen her before on TV, but she looked very different when I met her in person. They talk a lot to one another, over the telephone and in person. 2. Bimbi had always taken charge of any conversation he was in, and I had tried to emulate him. – Bimbi had always been the leading speaker of any conversation in which he took part, and I had tried to follow his example. Take charge of – take control of; become responsible for e.g. The boss asked him to take charge of the office for a few days when she was away. They advertised for a nurse to take sole charge of their children while they were at work. 3. But every book I picked up had few sentences which didn’t contain anywhere from one to nearly all of the words that might as well have been in Chinese. – But every book I took up was full of sentences which contained one or almost all of the words which were completely unknown to me. Few sentences which didn’t contain = many sentences that contain Anywhere from one to nearly all – indefinitely from one to almost all You can use anywhere to refer to a point (e.g. an amount ) within a stated range when you do not know what exactly the point is. e.g. You could expect to be paid anywhere between $7 and $15 an hour. He could get anywhere form three to seven years’ imprisonment. Words that might as well have been in Chinese – words that were as unknown to me as if they had been in Chinese 4. still going through only book-reading motions –still reading books without understanding what they said go through motions – pretend to do something by making the movements associated with the particular action e.g. The actor went through the motions of putting imaginary noodles into his mouth. He caught my eye and went through the motions of sympathetically clapping. 5. the best thing I could do was get hold of a dictionary – the best way to carry on reading was to find a dictionary get hold of – take in the hands; manage to find e.g. I threw him the rope and he got hold of it. Where can I get hold of some stamps? The phrase get hold of is an infinitive without to used as the subject complement of the sentence. While in most cases an infinitive with to is used as the subject complement, to can be omitted when the subject contains a structure in which the verb do occurs. e.g. Your mistake was not to write that letter. What I suggest is to start work at once. All she seems to do is gossip with her neighbors. What I really wanted to do was drive all night. 6. I was lucky enough to reason also that I should try to improve my penmanship. It was sad. – It certainly did me a lot of good to decide that I should also improve my handwriting, which was regretful. Penmanship refers to the skill, style or art in writing, while handwriting is simply a person’s
particular way of writing e.g. He spends hours a day practicing penmanship I cant read his handwriting Sad can be used to express regret about an unfortunate situation that is being described e.g. The sad fact is that full employment may never be regained It's sad state of affairs when people are afraid to go out at night 7. both ideas= the idea o learning new words and the idea of improving handwriting 8. thumbing uncertainly through the dictionary's pages -turn the dictionary's pages quickly and casually 9. to start some kind of action -in order to make a beginning, no matter what it was some kind of is used to describe or refer to something that is uncertain or is roughly like the thing mentioned 10. I copied…, everything…, down to the punctuation marks.- I copied… everything… including even the punctuation marks Down to- including even e.g. She could describe what the other women in the room are wearing, down to the color of their Nobody was free from suspicion, from the head boy down to the youngest pupi 11. I read back . everything I've written on the tablet. I woke up the next morning, . immensely proud to realize that not only had I written so much at one time. but I' ve written words that i never knew were in the world Judging from the context in which the past tense is used with other verbs in the above two sentences, there seems to be an improper use of the present perfect tense where the past perfect tense should normally occur. The phrase Ive written should perhaps be replaced by"I'd written 12. Funny thing, from the dictionary's first page right now, that"aardvark"springs to m mind. -It's strange that right at this moment that word"aardvark "which I learned from copying the dictionary's first page is still fresh in my mind pring to/into- start or come into existence very quickly and suddenly e.g. Say the word"Australia"and the vision of beaches and blue seas immediately springs to my A computer will not spring into action without something powering it. 13. live off (a particular kind of food)-live by eating the only kind of food e.g. These animals with long necks live off the leaves of tall trees We lived off fruit for a week 14. I went on into the Bs. -I continued to copy the dictionarys B section 15. That was the way I started copying what eventually became the entire dictionary. -I that way I started copying and finally I copied the whole dictionary What is used h of "the thing that to na ften implying a changing process in which something becomes true to that name of description e.g. I share your concern about what is rapidly becoming a desperate situation The village was located in what is now a large industrial city 16. between what I wrote in my tablet, and writing letters -over the period of time from starting to write in my tablets to writing letters between here indicates a period of time from one event to another e.g. between conception and biological birth
particular way of writing. e.g. He spends hours a day practicing penmanship. I can’t read his handwriting. Sad can be used to express regret about an unfortunate situation that is being described. e.g. The sad fact is that full employment may never be regained. It’s sad state of affairs when people are afraid to go out at night. 7. both ideas = the idea o learning new words and the idea of improving handwriting 8. thumbing uncertainly through the dictionary’s pages –turn the dictionary’s pages quickly and casually 9. to start some kind of action – in order to make a beginning, no matter what it was some kind of is used to describe or refer to something that is uncertain or is roughly like the thing mentioned. 10. I copied … everything …, down to the punctuation marks. – I copied … everything …, including even the punctuation marks. Down to – including even e.g. She could describe what the other women in the room are wearing, down to the color of their stockings. Nobody was free from suspicion, from the head boy down to the youngest pupil. 11. I read back … everything I’ve written on the tablet. I woke up the next morning, … immensely proud to realize that not only had I written so much at one time, but I’ve written words that I never knew were in the world. Judging from the context in which the past tense is used with other verbs in the above two sentences, there seems to be an improper use of the present perfect tense where the past perfect tense should normally occur. The phrase I’ve written should perhaps be replaced by “I’d written”. 12. Funny thing, from the dictionary’s first page right now, that “aardvark” springs to my mind. – It’s strange that right at this moment that word “aardvark” which I learned from copying the dictionary’s first page is still fresh in my mind. Spring to / into – start or come into existence very quickly and suddenly e.g. Say the word “Australia” and the vision of beaches and blue seas immediately springs to my mind. A computer will not spring into action without something powering it. 13. live off (a particular kind of food) – live by eating the only kind of food e.g. These animals with long necks live off the leaves of tall trees. We lived off fruit for a week. 14. I went on into the B’s. – I continued to copy the dictionary’s B section. 15. That was the way I started copying what eventually became the entire dictionary. – In that way I started copying and finally I copied the whole dictionary. What is used here in the sense of “the thing that” to name or describe something often implying a changing process in which something becomes true to that name of description. e.g. I share your concern about what is rapidly becoming a desperate situation. The village was located in what is now a large industrial city. 16. between what I wrote in my tablet, and writing letters – over the period of time from starting to write in my tablets to writing letters between here indicates a period of time from one event to another. e.g. between conception and biological birth
There was a gulf of ten years between him and his youngest sister 17. You couldnt have gotten me out of books with a wedge.- You could never have forced me a wedge is a piece of metal, wood, rubber, etc. with a pointed edge at one end and a wide edge at the other, which is either pushed between two objects to keep them still or forced into something to break pieces off it. For either of purposes a wedge is driven with force 18. in a prison where there was heavy emphasis on rehabilitation, an inmate was smiled upon if he demonstrated an unusually intense interest in books - in a prison whose chief objective was to help him live a normal life again, a prisoner was encouraged and approved if he showed particularly keen interest in books smile on/upon sb /sth. -approve or encourage sb / sth e.g. The government began to smile on small businesses when it realized that they were the key to economic growth Fortune has smiled upon us(i.e. We are successful )today 19. Some were said by many to be practically walking encyclopedias. -Many people said that A walking encyclopedia- a very informative person. Walking is used to describe a person in terms of an object, in order to emphasize a particular quality that the person has walking d 20. when the new world opened to me, of being able to read and understand when the new read and understand -read with comprehension the word understand here is italicized for emphasis'sake. The author was now able to read and understand, but, earlier, he was "going through only book-reading motions( para. 2) 21 could check out more than the permitted maximum number of books- could borrow more books than the average inmate was permitted at most check out (a book, etc. )-register(a book, etc. )as having been borrowed 22. serious reading -reading that requires concentration to understand or appreciate, as in contrast to reading for pleasure 23. It always seemed to catch me right in the middle of something engrossing. -lights al ways seemed to be out just when I was reading something that completely held my interest If you are in the middle of doing something, you are busy doing it and do not want to be e.g. I was in the middle of washing up when the telephone rang He's in the middle of planning his departmental budget 24. The glow was enough to read by, once my eyes adjusted to it. -As soon as my eyes became accustomed to it, the light from the corridor lamp was enough for reading 25. feign sleep-pretend to be asleep Both feign and pretend mean to put on a false or deceptive appearance but feign is especially used e.g. Everyone feigned surprise when he told how old he was I don't want to go tonight-I shall feign(or pretend) illness
There was a gulf of ten years between him and his youngest sister. 17. You couldn’t have gotten me out of books with a wedge. – You could never have forced me away from books. A wedge is a piece of metal, wood, rubber, etc. with a pointed edge at one end and a wide edge at the other, which is either pushed between two objects to keep them still or forced into something to break pieces off it. For either of purposes a wedge is driven with force. 18. in a prison where there was heavy emphasis on rehabilitation, an inmate was smiled upon if he demonstrated an unusually intense interest in books – in a prison whose chief objective was to help him live a normal life again, a prisoner was encouraged and approved if he showed particularly keen interest in books smile on/upon sb. /sth. – approve or encourage sb./sth. e.g. The government began to smile on small businesses when it realized that they were the key to economic growth. Fortune has smiled upon us (i.e. We are successful ) today. 19. Some were said by many to be practically walking encyclopedias. – Many people said that some inmates were very informative. A walking encyclopedia – a very informative person. Walking is used to describe a person in terms of an object, in order to emphasize a particular quality that the person has. e.g. a walking dictionary She’s a walking history book. 20. when the new world opened to me, of being able to read and understand = when the new world of being able to read and understand opened to me read and understand –read with comprehension the word understand here is italicized for emphasis’ sake. The author was now able to read and understand, but, earlier, he was “going through only book-reading motions(para.2)” 21. could check out more than the permitted maximum number of books – could borrow more books than the average inmate was permitted at most check out (a book, etc.) – register (a book, etc.) as having been borrowed 22. serious reading – reading that requires concentration to understand or appreciate, as in contrast to reading for pleasure 23. It always seemed to catch me right in the middle of something engrossing. – Lights always seemed to be out just when I was reading something that completely held my interest. If you are in the middle of doing something, you are busy doing it and do not want to be interrupted. e.g. I was in the middle of washing up when the telephone rang. He’s in the middle of planning his departmental budget. 24. The glow was enough to read by, once my eyes adjusted to it. –As soon as my eyes became accustomed to it, the light from the corridor lamp was enough for reading. 25. feign sleep – pretend to be asleep feign and pretend Both feign and pretend mean to put on a false or deceptive appearance, but feign is especially used of an emotion. e.g. Everyone feigned surprise when he told how old he was. I don’t want to go tonight – I shall feign (or pretend) illness
She pretended that she was no at home when we rang the bell in the years in the streets -in the years when I was homeless 27. reflect upon/on-think deeply about; consider carefully when you reflect upon or on something, you think deeply and carefully about past events or about something that involves possibilities or opinions rather than definite facts e.g. I reflected on all that he had said to me me to reflect upon what to do next 28. As I see it today, the ability to read awoke inside me some long dormant craving to be mentally alive. -Today I believe that it was my ability to read that made me conscious of a strong inner desire to be mentally active which had long been suppressed in me Crave and desire Crave implies the force of physical or mental need(as of hunger, thirst, love, or ambition), desire often implies intention or aim e.g. He was craving for a smoke What people crave is peace and security He passionately desired to continue his career We all desire happiness and health 29. I certainly wasn't seeking any degree, the way a college confers a status symbol upon its students. -Of course I wasn't studying for any university degree, which is a symbol of rank given to its students by a university. To confer something such as an honour, a gift or status on or upon someone means to give it to e.g. Degrees are conferred in July and December. The honour was conferred on/ upon him just after the war. 30. I dont think anybody ever got more out of going to prison than I did. -I believe no one ever benefited more than I did from going to prison Get sth out of-gain or obtain sth. from e.g. I never get much out of his lectures She seems to get a lot out of 5. Grammar Focus The pattern may /might as well do sth You can use may as well or might as well do sth To mean that you will do it al though you do not have a strong desire to do it and may even feel slightly reluctant about it, or to suggest that no harm should be caused or no difference made by doing sth Examples: I may as well admit that I knew the answer all along Since nobody else wants the job, we might as well let him have it I thought I might as well go: you can t keep saying no to people 6. Guided Practice(exercises, oral practice and group work) A). Ask several students to retell the text by using their own words B). Talk about the main idea or theme of the text 2)exercises: vocabulary and word-building 3)group the students in 4-6, discussing the topic"what are the factors that contributed to your
She pretended that she was no at home when we rang the bell. 26. in the years in the streets – in the years when I was homeless 27. reflect upon / on –think deeply about; consider carefully when you reflect upon or on something, you think deeply and carefully about past events or about something that involves possibilities or opinions rather than definite facts. e.g. I reflected on all that he had said to me. The manager demanded time to reflect upon what to do next. 28. As I see it today, the ability to read awoke inside me some long dormant craving to be mentally alive. – Today I believe that it was my ability to read that made me conscious of a strong inner desire to be mentally active which had long been suppressed in me. Crave and desire Crave implies the force of physical or mental need (as of hunger, thirst, love, or ambition), while desire often implies intention or aim. e.g. He was craving for a smoke. What people crave is peace and security. He passionately desired to continue his career. We all desire happiness and health. 29. I certainly wasn’t seeking any degree, the way a college confers a status symbol upon its students. – Of course I wasn’t studying for any university degree, which is a symbol of rank given to its students by a university. To confer something such as an honour, a gift or status on or upon someone means to give it to them. e.g. Degrees are conferred in July and December. The honour was conferred on / upon him just after the war. 30. I don’t think anybody ever got more out of going to prison than I did. – I believe no one ever benefited more than I did from going to prison. Get sth. out of – gain or obtain sth. from e.g. I never get much out of his lectures. She seems to get a lot out of life. 5. Grammar Focus The pattern may / might as well do sth. You can use may as well or might as well do sth. To mean that you will do it although you do not have a strong desire to do it and may even feel slightly reluctant about it, or to suggest that no harm should be caused or no difference made by doing sth. Examples: I may as well admit that I knew the answer all along. Since nobody else wants the job, we might as well let him have it. I thought I might as well go: you can’t keep saying no to people. 6. Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work) 1) Summary A). Ask several students to retell the text by using their own words. B). Talk about the main idea or theme of the text. 2) exercises: vocabulary and word-building 3) group the students in 4-6, discussing the topic “ what are the factors that contributed to your
reading achievements 7. After-class Assignments 1. Recite the paragraph on page 45. and, 2. Finish the exercises of vocabulary and structure Text b Reading for life Language points 1. Today is the first day of the rest of your life. What is implied by the statement is: How are you going to make a new beginning in your 2. Skills are skills. Pleasures are pleasures, -Skill s and pleasures are two absolutely unrelated things. you cannot have both at the same time 3. Reading is more than that. -Reading means more than just skill and pleasure 4. how to stay alive as long as you live-how to remain mentally active as long as you are physically alive 5. With some, youth slips away before being properly savored. -n the case of some people, their youthful days are quickly passed without being fully enjoyed 6. "Some men see things as they are and say'Why? "I dream things that never were and say Why not? ""-"Some people think of things as they exist and ask Why do they exist? 'I picture things that never existed and ask Why did they never exist? 7. After all, a little bit of greatness hides in everyone. Let books bring it into full hing great lying in every pe ooks help it to be fully developed 8. a measure of your possibilities-a means to know what you can possibly achieve able to do and that 9. a vocational counselor and consultant-a person who gives expert advice to people who need guidance in deciding on their jobs 10. You may even find them rated. You may even find these programs offered in different levels 11. The day of only one lifetime career may be almost over.-The time is almost gone when a person never changes his jobs or careers for life 12. out on the street--out of work 13. experience extender-supplement to experience 14. We're not born with instant replay. -We dont have the instinctive ability to experience again what has been already experienced 15 Books never impose on us.-Books never force us to read them If someone or something imposes on you, they unreasonably expect you to do something for them or to spend time with them when you do not really want to I hope it's not imposing on you, but could I stay to dinner?
reading achievements” 7. After-class Assignments 1. Recite the paragraph on page 45.and, 2. Finish the exercises of vocabulary and structure Text B Reading for life Language Points: 1. Today is the first day of the rest of your life. What is implied by the statement is: How are you going to make a new beginning in your life? 2. Skills are skills. Pleasures are pleasures.—Skill s and pleasures are two absolutely unrelated things. You cannot have both at the same time. 3. Reading is more than that.—Reading means more than just skill and pleasure. 4. how to stay alive as long as you live—how to remain mentally active as long as you are physically alive 5. With some, youth slips away before being properly savored. –In the case of some people, their youthful days are quickly passed without being fully enjoyed. 6. “Some men see things as they are and say ‘Why?’ I dream things that never were and say ‘Why not?’”—“Some people think of things as they exist and ask ‘Why do they exist?’ I picture things that never existed and ask ‘Why did they never exist?’” 7. After all , a little bit of greatness hides in everyone. Let books bring it into full bloom.—However, there is something great lying in every person. Let books help it to become fully developed. 8. a measure of your possibilities—a means to know what you can possibly achieve A possibility is something that you are able to do and that you might do. 9. a vocational counselor and consultant—a person who gives expert advice to people who need guidance in deciding on their jobs 10. You may even find them rated. – You may even find these programs offered in different levels. 11. The day of only one lifetime career may be almost over. – The time is almost gone when a person never changes his jobs or careers for life. 12. out on the street—out of work 13. experience extender –supplement to experience 14. We’re not born with instant replay.—We don’t have the instinctive ability to experience again what has been already experienced. 15. Books never impose on us.—Books never force us to read them. If someone or something imposes on you, they unreasonably expect you to do something for them or to spend time with them when you do not really want to. Examples: I hope it’s not imposing on you, but could I stay to dinner?
