西安建筑科技大学：《大学英语》课程教学资源（21世纪大学英语，教案，第四册）unit2 Text A The Gratitude We Need Text B How to Be a Leader.doc_大学文库

e Logic structure questions f. Attitude or tone questions Reading comprehension questions, if well designed and properly used, are not only effective in checking out how well a student understands a text. but can also lead students to a better understanding of the text as a whole 2)Writing skill: An example is a specific instance that is used to support or explain a more general statement. In text A the author gives a number of examples which help to clarify the eaders understanding of what gratitude is and which add persuasive force to the author's thesis that gratitude is important 4.Language points: l. gratitude n. The way to express thanks:感激,感谢的心情 a. Thank you for your help b. I must express my gratitude for your help c. I am grateful to you for your help d. I appreciate your help e I am obliged to you for your help (These six sentences have a similar meaning, but they have different implications. 辩 Thank (n. v is the most usual term used to express gratitude. It often implies nothing more than a polite acknowledgement of favors received from another person Gratitude, gratefulness(n)and grateful(adj ) are commonly used to imply a sense of such favors received Appreciate (v. and appreciation (n imply both one's gratitude for such favors and nderstanding of their values or featu Oblige(v ) used in the pattern"be obliged to sb for sth.',implies being indebted by something that someone else has done 2. From. the way he slammed in his gears, I could tell that he was upset. --Judging by. the rough way in which he started his car, I could see that he was unhappy slam sth -v shut, put, push, throe or knock with great for (The act of slamming al ways involves great force and usually a loud noise.) e.g.: I was so annoyed that I just slammed the phone down. y e.g.: The police have very good reason to believe he is guly< or 3. Ive got good reason to be sore. ---l feel annoyed and unfairly treated for sufficient reason have(every)good reason to do sth. be fully justified to do sth infection or(of muscles) hard 2)(AmE)angry, esp, from feeling unjustly treated My feet Don' t joke about his weight; it's rather a sore point with hir Other informal American expressions for money include dough, bread, molar(h)and greenback e.g.: How the hell could we scrape up enough dough to pay him off. 6. that cabdriver's day was poisoned---that cabdrivers good mood of the day was spoiled(he as to feel unhappy the whole day) to poison(an occasion, a situation, relationship, etc. )-to spoil it in an unpleasant and nasty

e. Logic structure questions; f. Attitude or tone questions. Reading comprehension questions, if well designed and properly used, are not only effective in checking out how well a student understands a text, but can also lead students to a better understanding of the text as a whole. 2) Writing skill: An example is a specific instance that is used to support or explain a more general statement. In text A, the author gives a number of examples which help to clarify the reader’s understanding of what gratitude is and which add persuasive force to the author’s thesis that gratitude is important. 4.Language Points: 1. gratitude n. The way to express thanks:感激，感谢的心情 a. Thank you for your help. b. I must express my gratitude for your help. c. I am grateful to you for your help. d. I appreciate your help. e. I am obliged to you for your help. (These six sentences have a similar meaning, but they have different implications.) 辩义： Thank (n. & v.) is the most usual term used to express gratitude. It often implies nothing more than a polite acknowledgement of favors received from another person; Gratitude, gratefulness (n.) and grateful (adj.) are commonly used to imply a sense of such favors received Appreciate (v.) and appreciation (n.) imply both one’s gratitude for such favors and understanding of their values or features; Oblige (v.) used in the pattern “be obliged to sb. for sth.”, implies being indebted by something that someone else has done. 2. From…the way he slammed in his gears, I could tell that he was upset.---Judging by … the rough way in which he started his car, I could see that he was unhappy. slam sth.— v. shut, put, push, throe or knock with great force. (The act of slamming always involves great force and usually a loud noise.) e.g.: I was so annoyed that I just slammed the phone down. 3. I’ve got good reason to be sore.---I feel annoyed and unfairly treated for sufficient reason. have (every) good reason to do sth.— be fully justified to do sth. e.g.: The police have very good reason to believe he is guilty. 4. sore a. 1) painful or aching from a wound, infection or (of muscles) hard use 2) (AmE) angry, esp, from feeling unjustly treated. e.g.: My feet are sore from all that running yesterday. Don’t joke about his weight; it’s rather a sore point with him. 5. buck— n. (Am sl.) = U. S. dollar Other informal American expressions for money include dough, bread, molar(h) and greenback. e.g.: The drinks cost me four bucks. e.g.: How the hell could we scrape up enough dough to pay him off. 6. that cabdriver’s day was poisoned---that cabdriver’s good mood of the day was spoiled(he was to feel unhappy the whole day) to poison (an occasion, a situation, relationship, etc.) —to spoil it in an unpleasant and nasty

way so that you no longer feel happy and optimistic about it. e.g.: The long dispute has poisoned relations between the two countrie 7. to think twice(again) before(about)doing sth -to think carefully before deciding to do sth e.g.: You' ve got to think twice before you spend 100 Yuan on a book. render vt 1)give(esp sth abstract, such as help, service, thanks, etc. 2)cause(sb. or sth )to be in a certain condition e.g.: We would never have succeeded without the aid you rendered Your action has rendered our contract invalid 9. Denial of it can do much to harm the spirit of kindness and cooperation --refusing to give a word of thanks can badly affect a person's willingness to show kindness and cooperation denial of sth -n a refusal to give or allow protested against the denial of basic human fre 10 to locate(some place)-to learn the position of e.g.: We located the schools and shops as soon as we moved into the town ll. refer to- to mention, speak of e.g When I said somebody is stupid, I wasn't referring to you 12. press(into, on, upon, etc)- giving in a very forceful way, allowing no refusal to accept e.g.: Mary pressed money into Johns hand to express her gratitude His aunt pressed upon him cups of tea and chocolate cookies 3. something of- to a degree but not complete eg: George found himself something of a celebrity(小有名气) 14. legend- a very old story or set of stories from ancient times, or the stories that people tell about a famous event or person e.g.: Elvis Presley (iE) is one of the great legends of pop music 15. an art- an activity of a high level of skill or a special ability e.g.: It is important to learn the art of appearing confident in an interview 16. take/catch one 's fancy- please or attract sb e.g.: The idea of being an actress quite took her fancy She saw a suit in the shop window and it caught her fancy immediately 17. Isnt there any way(that)..- Is it possible that. e.g.: Isnt there any way that the murderer has already escaped to another place? 18. not merely- emphasize how important and surprising something is by comparing it with something else what is less important or surprising e.g.: He is not merely a good artist, but a great one Much of the new industry is not merely in China, it is Chinese-owned 19. on sb. 's part/on the part of sb. -made or done by sb but not ie by me but not by him 20. open one's ey make one aware for the first time that thing is different from th way that you thought it was g: Travel to the island ry opened his eyes to the poverty for the first 21 to oblige someone-me be helpful to them by doing what they have asked you to de ould you oblige me with 50 pounds until the weekend 22.(in)one way or another- by some means, methods, etc e.g.: We must finish the job this week one way or another

way so that you no longer feel happy and optimistic about it. e.g.: The long dispute has poisoned relations between the two countries. 7. to think twice (again) before (about) doing sth.—to think carefully before deciding to do sth. e.g.: You’ve got to think twice before you spend 100 Yuan on a book. 8. render vt.1) give (esp. sth. abstract, such as help, service, thanks, etc.) 2) cause (sb. or sth.) to be in a certain condition e.g.: We would never have succeeded without the aid you rendered . Your action has rendered our contract invalid. 9. Denial of it can do much to harm the spirit of kindness and cooperation---refusing to give a word of thanks can badly affect a person’s willingness to show kindness and cooperation denial of sth.— n. a refusal to give or allow e.g.: They protested against the denial of basic human freedoms. 10. to locate (some place) — to learn the position of e.g.: We located the schools and shops as soon as we moved into the town. 11. refer to — to mention, speak of. e.g When I said somebody is stupid, I wasn’t referring to you. 12. press (into, on, upon,etc)— giving in a very forceful way, allowing no refusal to accept e.g.: Mary pressed money into John’s hand to express her gratitude. • His aunt pressed upon him cups of tea and chocolate cookies. 13. something of — to a degree but not complete e.g.: George found himself something of a celebrity（小有名气）. 14. legend— a very old story or set of stories from ancient times, or the stories that people tell about a famous event or person. e.g.: Elvis Presley （猫王）is one of the great legends of pop music. 15. an art— an activity of a high level of skill or a special ability e.g.: It is important to learn the art of appearing confident in an interview 16. take / catch one’s fancy— please or attract sb. e.g.: The idea of being an actress quite took her fancy. • She saw a suit in the shop window and it caught her fancy immediately. 17. Isn’t there any way (that)…— Is it possible that…? e.g.: Isn’t there any way that the murderer has already escaped to another place? 18. not merely— emphasize how important and surprising something is by comparing it with something else what is less important or surprising. e.g.: He is not merely a good artist, but a great one. • Much of the new industry is not merely in China, it is Chinese-owned. 19. on sb.’s part / on the part of sb.—made or done by sb. e.g.: The agreement has been kept on my part but not on his, ie by me but not by him. 20. open one’s eyes— make one aware for the first time that something is different from the way that you thought it was e.g.: Travel to the island country opened his eyes to the poverty for the first time. 21. to oblige someone— means to be helpful to them by doing what they have asked you to do. e.g.: Could you oblige me with 50 pounds until the weekend. 22. (in) one way or another— by some means, methods, etc. e.g.: We must finish the job this week one way or another

23 confide sth to sb. -tell sth(esp a secret)to sb. confidentially e e.g. Mary confided to me that she had applied for another i 4. be(get)fed up with(about)sb.(sth )-(infml) be or become unhappy, bored or tired of sb or sth, esp. what one has been experiencing for a long time g: I am fed up with her complaints I wont wait any longer; I am fed up 25. boast(about /of/that)-talk (about sth, esp. sth. one has done or one owns) in a way that shows excessive pride and pleasure e.g.: John is always boasting about his childrens success at school 26. take pains with/over/to do sth. make a great effort to do sth. or to do it properly e.g.: Great pains have been taken to ensure the safety of passengers 27. some persons refrain from expressing their gratitude--some people deliberately do not express their gratitude refrain from sth /doing sth. deliberately avoid to do something g: We hope the country will refrain from hostile actions 28. on the contrary expressing strong opposition to what had just been said e.g.: I dont like my job; on the contrary, I think it's very dull 29. For On .., our neighbors build up their philosophy of life --Because our fellow men build up their philosophy on philosophy of life -one's approach to life and his way of dealing with it eg: Live now, pay later- thats my philosophy of life.寅时卯粮 5. Grammar Focus The adverb too used with"cannot" or"can never or"can+other negatives When the adverb too is used in the pattern"can +not(or never, or other negatives)", it means enough"or"sufficiently". Thus, the expression"You cannot do or have something too much means the same as" You can never do or have something enough or sufficiently.”(汉语常译作“无论…也不过分”) Examples The new park is really fascinating. You cant go there too often Just as women can never have too many hats, men can never have too many ties No one can be too careful in handing such dangerous stuff. 6. Guided Practice(exercises, oral practice and group work) A). Ask several students to retell the text by using their own word B). Talk about the main idea or theme of the tex 2) ercises. vocabulary al Ing 3)group the students in 4-6, tell the class their incidents that have made them feel thankful Winston Churchill. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Martin Luther King 7. After-class Assignments 1. Recite the paragraph on page 45 and 2. finish the exercises of translation and structure

23. confide sth. to sb.— tell sth. (esp. a secret) to sb. confidentially e.g.: Mary confided to me that she had applied for another job. 24. be (get) fed up with (about) sb.(sth.) — (infml) be or become unhappy, bored or tired of sb. or sth., esp. what one has been experiencing for a long time e.g.: I am fed up with her complaints. • I won’t wait any longer; I am fed up. 25. boast (about / of / that)— talk (about sth., esp. sth. one has done or one owns) in a way that shows excessive pride and pleasure e.g.: John is always boasting about his children’s success at school. 26. take pains with / over / to do sth.— make a great effort to do sth. or to do it properly e.g.: Great pains have been taken to ensure the safety of passengers. 27. some persons refrain from expressing their gratitude---some people deliberately do not express their gratitude refrain from sth./ doing sth.— deliberately avoid to do something e.g.: We hope the country will refrain from hostile actions. 28. on the contrary — expressing strong opposition to what had just been said e.g.: I don’t like my job; on the contrary, I think it’s very dull. 29. For On …, our neighbors build up their philosophy of life.---Because our fellow men build up their philosophy on.. philosophy of life —one’s approach to life and his way of dealing with it e.g.: Live now, pay later – that’s my philosophy of life . 寅时卯粮 5. Grammar Focus The adverb too used with “cannot”, or “can never”, or “can+other negatives” When the adverb too is used in the pattern “can +not (or never, or other negatives)”, it means “enough” or “sufficiently”. Thus, the expression “You cannot do or have something too much. ” means the same as “You can never do or have something enough or sufficiently.” (汉语常译作“无论…也不过分”) Examples: The new park is really fascinating. You can’t go there too often! Just as women can never have too many hats, men can never have too many ties. No one can be too careful in handing such dangerous stuff. 6. Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work) 1) Summary A). Ask several students to retell the text by using their own words. B). Talk about the main idea or theme of the text. 2) exercises: vocabulary and word-building 3) group the students in 4-6, tell the class their incidents that have made them feel thankful Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Martin Luther King 7. After-class Assignments 1.Recite the paragraph on page 45.and, 2. finish the exercises of translation and structure

Textb how to be a leade Language points 1. Why Manners Matter-Why Are Manners Important Manners-n. (pl )social behavior It's bad manners to stare at people 2. All you need is a good heart. and the rest will take care of itself -All you need is moral goodness.. and good manners will follow naturally. The rest-(here)things other than a good heart; social behavior or good manners 3. Many forms of etiquette are employed precisely to disguise those antipathies that arise from irreconcilable differences.-Many formal rules of behavior are adopted simply to cover up those strong dislikes among people caused by their wide differences in philosophy, politics, or religion 4. Madam cant face you any more than you can her, but takes due note of the fact that you have done your duty -Madam doesnt want to meet you just as you don' t want to meet her, but 5. people make themselves instantly accessible to everyone at all times -people make themselves ready at any time to be reached by anyone 6. consider anything but blunt literalness to be dishonesty-consider anything to be dishonesty except blunt literalness If you say that someone or something is anything but a particular quality, you mean that the person or thing is the opposite of that particular quality Examples She considers anything but Indian food to be inedible. (i.e. she likes Indian food only) The project was anything but a success. (i.e. it was not a success Blunt literalness-saying things exactly in what the words or expressions literally mean 7. they demand an alternative to signing letters"Yours truly"when writing to those whose trulies they don' t want to be-they demand that when writing to someone who is acceptable, they should use other words to end letters instead of"Yours truly Alternative-n. something that one can choose to have or do instead of something else: one of two or more possibilities Examples The management will have no alternative but to raise our pay. 8. The lack of standardization of manners results in an often angry, chaotic society, where every trivial act is interpreted as a revelation of the moral philosophy of the individual actor ho is left standing naked in his mores. -Without the generally accepted rules of good social ehavior a society will become often uncontrollable an chaotic, in which each person is seen to be action upon his own moral standard undisguisedly

Text B How to Be a Leader Language Points: 1. Why Manners Matter—Why Are Manners Important Manners—n. (pl.) social behavior Examples: It’s bad manners to stare at people. 2. All you need is a good heart…and the rest will take care of itself.—All you need is moral goodness… and good manners will follow naturally. The rest—(here) things other than a good heart; social behavior or good manners 3. Many forms of etiquette are employed precisely to disguise those antipathies that arise from irreconcilable differences. –Many formal rules of behavior are adopted simply to cover up those strong dislikes among people caused by their wide differences in philosophy, politics, or religion. 4. Madam can’t face you any more than you can her, but takes due note of the fact that you have done your duty. –Madam doesn’t want to meet you just as you don’t want to meet her, but she has duly noticed the fact that you have paid the required visit. 5. people make themselves instantly accessible to everyone at all times—people make themselves ready at any time to be reached by anyone 6. consider anything but blunt literalness to be dishonesty—consider anything to be dishonesty except blunt literalness If you say that someone or something is anything but a particular quality, you mean that the person or thing is the opposite of that particular quality. Examples: She considers anything but Indian food to be inedible. (i.e. she likes Indian food only) The project was anything but a success. (i.e. it was not a success) Blunt literalness—saying things exactly in what the words or expressions literally mean 7. they demand an alternative to signing letters “Yours truly” when writing to those whose trulies they don’t want to be—they demand that when writing to someone who is acceptable, they should use other words to end letters instead of “Yours truly”. Alternative—n. something that one can choose to have or do instead of something else; one of two or more possibilities Examples: The management will have no alternative but to raise our pay. 8. The lack of standardization of manners results in an often angry, chaotic society, where every trivial act is interpreted as a revelation of the moral philosophy of the individual actor, who is left standing naked in his mores.—Without the generally accepted rules of good social behavior a society will become often uncontrollable an chaotic, in which each person is seen to be action upon his own moral standard undisguisedly