4细胞膜中的脂筏及 膜穴系统
4.细胞膜中的脂筏及 膜穴系统
很早以前,人们就发现许多真核生物的细胞中 都可以分离得到抗去垢剂的膜微畴结构,英文简称 ADRMs( detergent-resistant membrane domains 但直到近年来DRM才引起人们的广泛关注。这是因 为DRMs在细胞内的分选和细胞表面信号传导过程中 都表现出其特有的重要性。 这些在4℃去垢剂不溶的膜区坷被认为是由鞘脂 类和胆固醇的动态聚集而形成,它们组成了相对稳 定的具有一定功能的畴结构漂涇于二维流动的细胞 膜中,人们形象地称之为“脂筏”( Lipid rafts)
很早以前,人们就发现许多真核生物的细胞中 都可以分离得到抗去垢剂的膜微畴结构,英文简称 为DRMs(detergent-resistant membrane domains), 但直到近年来DRMs才引起人们的广泛关注。这是因 为DRMs在细胞内的分选和细胞表面信号传导过程中 都表现出其特有的重要性。 这些在4℃去垢剂不溶的膜区域被认为是由鞘脂 类和胆固醇的动态聚集而形成,它们组成了相对稳 定的具有一定功能的畴结构漂浮于二维流动的细胞 膜中,人们形象地称之为“脂筏”(Lipid rafts)
Functional rafts in cell membranes HA Nae38799757
Functional rafts in cell membranes Nature387(1997)571
A new aspect of cell membrane structure is presented, based on the dynamic clustering of sphingolipids and cholesterol to form rafts that move within the fluid bilayer Simons lkonen, Nature 387(1997)569-572
A new aspect of cell membrane structure is presented, based on the dynamic clustering of sphingolipids and cholesterol to form rafts that move within the fluid bilayer. ------ Simons & Ikonen, Nature 387 (1997) 569-572
在胞吞、脂类运输和信号传导过程中,质 膜的表面会出现一种无宠形蛋白覆盖的穴样凹 陷,这些穴样凹陷呈现4℃去垢剂不溶性,人 们把这种DRMs称作“膜穴”( caveolae) 目前发现膜穴与功能筏在分子水平上有着 类似的组成和结构,因此可以说膜穴是功能筏 的一种特殊表现戒式
在胞吞、脂类运输和信号传导过程中,质 膜的表面会出现一种无笼形蛋白覆盖的穴样凹 陷,这些穴样凹陷呈现4℃去垢剂不溶性,人 们把这种DRMs称作“膜穴”(caveolae)。 目前发现膜穴与功能筏在分子水平上有着 类似的组成和结构,因此可以说膜穴是功能筏 的一种特殊表现形式
Caveolae: lipid rafts in cell surface invaginations containing caveolin raft cave。a Nae38799757
Caveolae: lipid rafts in cell surface invaginations containing caveolin Nature387(1997)571
Caveolae in endocytic traffic e Caveolae are non-clathrin coated invaginations (50-100 nm)in the plasma membrane in many cell types e Caveolae are formed by self-associating caveolin molecules(making a hairpin loop)in the membrane interacting with raft lipids e To form small signalling compartments: a number of signalling proteins are anchored, such as heterotrimeric G proteins, Src-family kinases, h-ras Be involved in endocytosis and transcytosis
Caveolae in endocytic traffic Caveolae are non-clathrin coated invaginations (50-100 nm) in the plasma membrane in many cell types. Caveolae are formed by self-associating caveolin molecules (making a hairpin loop) in the membrane interacting with raft lipids. To form small signalling compartments: a number of signalling proteins are anchored, such as hetrotrimeric G proteins, Src-family kinases, H-Ras. Be involved in endocytosis and transcytosis
Lipid composition of rafts Sphingolipid(glycosphingolipids sphingomyelin) and cholsterol sphingomyelin- and cholsterol-rich DIGs can also be isolated from cells glycosphingolipids are not absolutely required DIGS in trans-Golgi-network: rich in cholesterol and anchored by gpi protein
Lipid composition of rafts Sphingolipid (glycosphingolipids, sphingomyelin) and cholsterol sphingomyelin- and cholsterol-rich DIGs can also be isolated from cells. glycosphingolipids are not absolutely required! DIGs in trans-Golgi-network: rich in cholesterol and anchored by GPI protein!
以甘油为骨架的磷脂 即甘油分子中三个羟基有两个与高级脂肪酸形 成酯,另一个与磷酸衍生物形成酯: CHrCH-CH→CH:CHcH OH OH OH 其中R1、R2为脂肪酸碳氢链。根据X的成分不 同,可以形成不同的磷脂
以甘油为骨架的磷脂 即甘油分子中三个羟基有两个与高级脂肪酸形 成酯,另一个与磷酸衍生物形成酯: 其中R1、R2为脂肪酸碳氢链。根据X的成分不 同,可以形成不同的磷脂
以神经鞘氨醇为骨架的鞘脂类( sphingolipid) 神经鞘氨醇( sphingosine)的C-2上的氨基(NH2)与脂肪酸(R) 缩合生成神经鞘脂类( (sphingolipid,C-1上的羟基与磷酸衍 生物∞X)缩合即生成磷酸神经鞘脂类( (phosphasphingolipid) OH CH,-CH-CHOH CH,CH--CHOH CH-CH--CHOH NH: CH NH CH NH CH CO CH CO CH (CH,)t R (CHe) R (CH:). CH CH, CH 神经稍氨醇 神经鞘脂类 磷酸神经鞘脂类 若:X=磷脂胆碱(PC), 则生成神经鞘磷脂( sphingomyelin,SM 若:X=-H 则生成神经酸胺( ceramide)s
以神经鞘氨醇为骨架的鞘脂类(sphingolipid) 神经鞘氨醇(sphinogsine)的C-2上的氨基(-NH2 )与脂肪酸(R) 缩合生成神经鞘脂类(sphingolipid), C-l上的羟基与磷酸衍 生物(X)缩合即生成磷酸神经鞘脂类(phosphasphingolipid): 若: X=磷脂胆碱(PC), 则生成神经鞘磷脂(sphingomyelin, SM ). 若: X=-H, 则生成神经酸胺(ceramide)