The Cardiovascular Protective Effect of Red Wine Bao-Ping Chen
The Cardiovascular Protective Effect of Red Wine Bao-Ping Chen
Background The association between alcohol consumption and the low incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) The inverse relationship between red wine consumption and mortality from ischemic heart disease ◆French Paradox
Background ◆ The association between alcohol consumption and the low incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) ◆ The inverse relationship between red wine consumption and mortality from ischemic heart disease ◆ French Paradox
J-Curve:Alcohol Mortality Relation All Causes 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 立 1.3 1.2 -men 1.1 1.1 1.1 women 1 total 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 2 3 4 Figure 1 Ethanol Consumption
J-Curve:Alcohol Mortality Relation Cardiovascular Causes 1.9 1 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 men 1. -women 7 0.9 0.9 total 0.8 7 2 3 4 Figure 2 Ethanol Consumption
■Arteriosclerosis Components of red wine Inhibition of LDL oxidation Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration Modulation of platelet aggregation Effects on vasomotor tone ■Effects on HDL
◼ Arteriosclerosis ◼ Components of red wine ◼ Inhibition of LDL oxidation ◼ Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration ◼ Modulation of platelet aggregation ◼ Effects on vasomotor tone ◼ Effects on HDL
Arteriosclerosis ●Definition Arteriosclerosis is a multifactorial disease process and is the principal cause of myocardial infarction,stroke.and peripheral vascular disease accounting for almost 40%of all mortality in the united states. ●Characteristics (1)Plaque formation (2)Progressive narrowing of the arterial's lumen diameter
Arteriosclerosis ⚫ Definition Arteriosclerosis is a multifactorial disease process and is the principal cause of myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, accounting for almost 40% of all mortality in the united states. ⚫ Characteristics (1) Plaque formation (2) Progressive narrowing of the arterial’s lumen diameter
Formation of Arteriosclerosis Accumulation of lipids(fatty streak) Surrounded by prolifereating smooth muscle LDL enters the endothelium LDL becomes oxidized by several types of cells The oxidized LDL attracts macrophages,forming foam cells Proliferating smooth muscle,lipids,and connective tissue become incorporated into the maturing Plaque Formation of a fibrous cap,having areas of cell necrosis and calcifation Narrowing of the arterial's lumen diameter
Formation of Arteriosclerosis Narrowing of the arterial’s lumen diameter Proliferating smooth muscle, lipids, and connective tissue become incorporated into the maturing Plaque Accumulation of lipids (fatty streak) Surrounded by prolifereating smooth muscle LDL enters the endothelium LDL becomes oxidized by several types of cells The oxidized LDL attracts macrophages, forming foam cells Formation of a fibrous cap, having areas of cell necrosis and calcifation
Red wine's component ●Ethanol ●Polyphenolic
Red wine’s component ⚫ Ethanol ⚫ Polyphenolic
Ethanol The effect of alcohol on the cardiovascular system ●Act as a fuel source Alter cholesterol composition ●Impair fluid balance Alter the activity of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes(p-450 cytochrome family,glutathione S-transferase superfamily,N-acetyl- transferases,etc) Moderate consumption increase plasma concentrations of HDL Moderate consumption decrease the adhesiveness of platelets Increase polyphenol availability by improving intestinal absorption Has a prooxidant effect(but polyphenols in alcoholic beverages counteract the potential prooxidant effect of ethanol)
Ethanol The effect of alcohol on the cardiovascular system ⚫ Act as a fuel source ⚫ Alter cholesterol composition ⚫ Impair fluid balance ⚫ Alter the activity of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (p-450 cytochrome family, glutathione S-transferase superfamily, N-acetyltransferases, etc) ⚫ Moderate consumption increase plasma concentrations of HDL ⚫ Moderate consumption decrease the adhesiveness of platelets ⚫ Increase polyphenol availability by improving intestinal absorption ⚫ Has a prooxidant effect (but polyphenols in alcoholic beverages counteract the potential prooxidant effect of ethanol)
Ethanol Comparison of red wine with spirits,beer and white wine Beverages such as white wine and beer,which have low levels of phenolic compounds,may have a prooxidant effects;red wine has net antioxidant activity o In comparison to other alcoholic beverages such as spirits.beer.and white wine.red wine is the most beneficial in reducing the risks of CAD and mortality in general Consumption of spirits was associated with an increased risk in deaths from all causes and in deaths from vascular diseases
Ethanol Comparison of red wine with spirits, beer and white wine ⚫ Beverages such as white wine and beer, which have low levels of phenolic compounds, may have a prooxidant effects; red wine has net antioxidant activity ⚫ In comparison to other alcoholic beverages such as spirits, beer, and white wine, red wine is the most beneficial in reducing the risks of CAD and mortality in general ⚫ Consumption of spirits was associated with an increased risk in deaths from all causes and in deaths from vascular diseases