ATP Synthal Outer mem brane Freely permeable to Cristae emaI molecules andina Inner membrane Impermeable to moest small molecules and ions including HT Contains: Respiratory electron carriers (Complexes I-Iv) ge ADPATP Ernnslarnses AP synthase(上F Other membrane transporters Containee Pyruvate dehydrogenase compleX Citric acic cyele enzymes Fatty acid B-axidataon enzvmes Armina acid oxxdi dation Riboeomes DNA ribosomes Porin channels Many other enzvmes E ATP ADP P Mg2+,Ca+,+ Many soluble mertnbalie intermediates
生物氧化 Biological Oxidation
( Biological Oxidation) 生物氧化的概念及意义 生物氧化的特点 三.生物氧化的方式 四.生物氧化体系呼吸链 五.能量的释放、转移、儲存及利用 六非线粒体氧化体系
生物氧化 （Biological Oxidation） 一 . 生物氧化的概念及意义 二. 生物氧化的特点 三. 生物氧化的方式 四. 生物氧化体系—呼吸链 五. 能量的释放、转移、储存及利用 六. 非线粒体氧化体系
物 Biological Oxidation 生物氧化是指糖类、脂类和蛋白 质等在生物活细胞内进行的一系 列的氧化分解作用,最终生成 H2O和CO2,同时释放能量的过 程,又称细胞呼吸或组织呼吸。 相当于分解(异化)作用
生物氧化[Biological Oxidation] • 生物氧化是指糖类、脂类和蛋白 质等在生物活细胞内进行的一系 列的氧化分解作用，最终生成 H2O和CO2，同时释放能量的过 程，又称细胞呼吸或组织呼吸。 • 相当于分解（异化）作用
线是生物氧化的场所 1948年, Eugene Kennedy和 Albert lehninger 发现线粒体是真核生物生物氧化及氧化磷酸化 的场所,开始了生物能研究的新世代。 线粒体有两层膜,外膜对小分子(Mr<5000) 和离子为自由透过。内膜对大多数小分子及离 子不透过(包括H),只有内膜上存在特异运 输体的物质可以透过。内膜上含有呼吸链和 ATP合成酶。 线粒体基质含有丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物和柠檬 酸循环途径、脂肪酸β-氧化途径、氨基酸氧化途 径及酵解以外所有能量物质氧化途径
线粒体是生物氧化的场所 1948年，Eugene Kennedy和Albert Lehninger 发现线粒体是真核生物生物氧化及氧化磷酸化 的场所，开始了生物能研究的新世代。 线粒体有两层膜，外膜对小分子（Mr5000） 和离子为自由透过。内膜对大多数小分子及离 子不透过（包括H+），只有内膜上存在特异运 输体的物质可以透过。内膜上含有呼吸链和 ATP合成酶。 线粒体基质含有丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物和柠檬 酸循环途径、脂肪酸-氧化途径、氨基酸氧化途 径及酵解以外所有能量物质氧化途径
Albert Lehninger 1917-1986 Eugene Kennedy 1919-
Albert Lehninger 1917-1986 Eugene Kennedy 1919-
ATP thane Outer membrane F1) Freely permeable to Cristae smal olecules and ions Inner membrane Impermeable to moet aa moLecules and ions ineluding Ht Containes: Respiratory electron carriers (Complexes I-Iv) TP Ernnslocnsas △ TP synthase(F Other embrane transporters matrix Containe Pyruvate dehydrogen coMPlex Citric acact cele enzvmes HV Fatty acid B-crcidataon envies Aring neid oxi dation Ribstone DNA ribosomes Porin channels Many ather enzymes ATP ADP P Mg2+,Ca,K+ Manv sluble metabolic intermediates
线粒体的生物化学
The outer membrane is a relatively simple phospholipid bilayer, containing protein structures called porins[孔(道)蛋白] which render it permeable to molecules of about 10 kilodaltons or less(the size of the smallest proteins). lons, nutrient molecules, ATP, ADP, etc can pass through the outer membrane with ease
The outer membrane is a relatively simple phospholipid bilayer, containing protein structures called porins[孔(道)蛋白] which render it permeable to molecules of about 10 kilodaltons or less (the size of the smallest proteins). Ions, nutrient molecules, ATP, ADP, etc. can pass through the outer membrane with ease
The inner membrane is freely permeable only to oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water. Its structure is highly complex, including all of the complexes of the electron transport system, the ATp synthetase complex, and transport proteins. The wrinkles, or folds, are organized into lamellae ( layers, called the cristae(脊,嵴). The cristae greatly increase the total surface area of the inner membrane. The larger surface area makes room for many more of the above-named structures than if the inner membrane were shaped like the outer membrane
The inner membrane is freely permeable only to oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water. Its structure is highly complex, including all of the complexes of the electron transport system, the ATP synthetase complex, and transport proteins. The wrinkles, or folds, are organized into lamillae (layers), called the cristae (脊，嵴). The cristae greatly increase the total surface area of the inner membrane. The larger surface area makes room for many more of the above-named structures than if the inner membrane were shaped like the outer membrane
The membranes create two compartments. The intermembrane space, as implied, is the region between the inner and outer membranes It has an important role in the primary function of mitochondria. which is oxidative phosphorylation
The membranes create two compartments. The intermembrane space, as implied, is the region between the inner and outer membranes. It has an important role in the primary function of mitochondria, which is oxidative phosphorylation
The matrix contains the enzymes that are responsible for the citric acid cycle, B oxidation. aa oxidation and etc. The matrix also contains dissolved o2, h,o, co2, the recyclable intermediates that serve as energy shuttles, and much more. Because of the folds of the cristae, no part of the matrix is far from the inner membrane Therefore matrix components can quickly reach inner membrane complexes and transport proteins
The matrix contains the enzymes that are responsible for the citric acid cycle, - oxidation, AA oxidation and etc. The matrix also contains dissolved O2 , H2O, CO2 , the recyclable intermediates that serve as energy shuttles, and much more. Because of the folds of the cristae, no part of the matrix is far from the inner membrane. Therefore matrix components can quickly reach inner membrane complexes and transport proteins