nglish Pronunciation for Comunication A Practical Course for Students of English By Wang guizhen Faculty of English Language Culture Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
English Pronunciation for Communication A Practical Course for Students of English By Wang Guizhen Faculty of English Language & Culture Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
Stressed words unstressed Words in a Sentence What is a syllable a word part and the basic unit of English rhythm What is a stressed syllable a NAAAA na Syllable Syllable Syllable 3 shoK Cong (short)
Stressed Words & Unstressed Words in a Sentence What is a syllable? A word part and the basic unit of English rhythm What is a stressed syllable? ba NAAAA na Syllable 1 Syllable 2 Syllable 3 (short) (long) (short)
Stressed syllables Unstressed Syllables Stressed syllables are strong syllables Unstressed syllables are weak syllables Stressed syllables are long have a pitch change have full vowel sounds Unstressed syllables are short a often have a reduced vowel sound
Stressed Syllables & Unstressed Syllables Stressed syllables are strong syllables. Unstressed syllables are weak syllables. Stressed syllables: ◼ are long ◼ have a pitch change ◼ have full vowel sounds. Unstressed syllables: ◼ are short ◼ often have a reduced vowel sound
Fig 9: England was at war with America. (By non-native speaker of English) Fig 10: England was at war with America. (By native speaker of English)
Fig 9: England was at war with America. (By non-native speaker of English) Fig 10: England was at war with America. (By native speaker of English)
Strong and weak syllables The vowel in a weak syllable tends to be shorter, of lower intensity and different in quality father: the second syllable is shorter than the first is less loud and has a yowel that cannot occur in strong syllables bottle the weak second syllable contains no vowel at all, but consists entirely of the consonant //. We call this a syllabic consonant
Strong and weak syllables ◼ The vowel in a weak syllable tends to be shorter, of lower intensity and different in quality. ◼ ‘father’: the second syllable is shorter than the first, is less loud and has a vowel that cannot occur in strong syllables. ◼ ‘bottle’: the weak second syllable contains no vowel at all, but consists entirely of the consonant /l/. We call this a syllabic consonant
Different types of weak syllables The schwa attend, character barracks again ballad, necklace, workaday, workable, elephant ar--particular, molar, monarchy ate --intimate, accurate desolate 0--tomorrow, potato carrot or--forget, ambassador, opportunity a e-settlement, violet, postmen er--perhaps, stronger, superman u--autumn, support, halibut a ough --thorough borough a ous --gracious, callous
Different types of weak syllables ◼ The schwa ◼ a -- attend, character, barracks, again, ballad, necklace, workaday, workable, elephant ◼ ar -- particular, molar, monarchy ◼ ate -- intimate, accurate, desolate ◼ o -- tomorrow, potato, carrot ◼ or -- forget, ambassador, opportunity ◼ e -- settlement, violet, postmen ◼ er --perhaps, stronger, superman ◼ u -- autumn, support, halibut ◼ ough -- thorough, borough ◼ ous -- gracious, callous
Any English vowel letter can be pronounced with the schwa/ p allow firemen possible command support
Any English vowel letter can be pronounced with the schwa / / allow a firemen e possible i / / command o support u
Sentence stress What to stress in a sentence? 1. Information words are usually stressed: nouns, verbs adjectives, and adverbs 2. Unstressed words are usually function words like articles pronouns possessives, prepositions, auxiliary verbs and conjunctions
4. Sentence stress ◼ What to stress in a sentence? ◼ 1. Information words are usually stressed: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. ◼ 2. Unstressed words are usually function words like articles, pronouns, possessives, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, and conjunctions
Information words and function words Information words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs They give information about who, what, when, where, why, how They express the main idea or content of the phrase or sentence They carry the message and therefore usually stressed
Information words and function words Information words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. They give information about who, what, when, where, why, how They express the main idea or content of the phrase or sentence. They carry the message and therefore usually stressed
Function words Unstressed words are usually function words like articles, pronouns, possessives, prepositions auxiliary verbs. and conjunctions These words connect the information words to form grammatical sentences
Function words Unstressed words are usually function words like articles, pronouns, possessives, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, and conjunctions. These words connect the information words to form grammatical sentences