《全国硕士研究生考研英语测试题库》考研英语模拟试题[32].doc_大学文库

the dense cloud layer. A、 persecute B、 pierce C、 penetrate D、 plunge Part￠ o Cloze test Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labelled A, B, c and D. Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points) Cartography is the art and science of map making. Maps are an important 4l for the presentation of angles, distances, areas and directions. They are used for a large 42 of purposes. A very important requirement, 43 accuracy, is that the map should be clearly legible. Modern methods of cartographic design and reproduction enable modern maps to be given a high 44 of clarity and 45. The first consideration in the compilation of any map is the 46 for which it is to be used. A suitable map projection is required, 47 whether the map will have to show only a small part of the earth s surface, a relatively large area 48 a country or even a continent, or the whole surface of the earth. It will partially depend also on weather the map must satisfy geographical, 49 or traffic engineering requirements. Many different 50 and variants of these have been developed. 41、A、 me thod B、 practice C、 medium D、 apparatus 42、A、 amount B、 difference c、 diversity d、 variety 43、A、 besides b、 despite c、 except D、 except for 44、A、 extent B、 degree C、 level d、 standard 45、A、 imitation B、 illustration C、 precision D、 distinction 46、A、 users B、 consumers C、 purpose D、 utilization 47、A、 depending on B、 consisting in C、 resulting in D、 consulting with 48、A、 equal to B、 larger than C、 such as d、 which is 49、A、 analytical B、 navigational C、 ornamental D、 technological 0、A、 duplications B、 specifications C、 transmissions d、 projections Part co Reading Comprehensi Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points) Passage Why people work? Undoubtedly you have periodically asked yourself the same question, perhaps focused on why you have to work. Selfa2interest?+in its broadest sense, including the interests of family and friends, is a basic motivation for work in all societies. But selfaZinterest can involve more than providing for subsistence or accumulating wealth. For instance, among the Maori, a Polynesian people of the South Pacific, a desire for approval, a sense of duty, a wish to conform to custom and tradition, a feea2ling of emulation (?o?u), and a pleasure in craftsmanship are additional reasons for working. Even within the United States, we cannot understand work as simply a response to economic necessity. Studies show that the vast majority of Americans would continue to work even if they inherited enough money to live comfortably. When people work, they gain a contributing place in society. The fact that what they receive pay for their work indicates that what they do is needed by other people and that what they are necessary part of the social fabric. Work is also a ma jor social mechanism for placing people the larger social structure and for providing them with identities. In the United states, it is a blunt and ruthlessly public fact that to do nothing is to be nothing and to do little is to be little Work is commonly seen as the measure of an individual. Sociologist Melvin L. Kohn and his associates have shown some of the ways work affects our lives. Generally, people who engage in selfa2directed work come to value selfa2direction more highly, to be more open to new ideas and to be less authoritarian in their relationships with others. Moreover, they develop selfa2conceptions consistent with these values, and as parents they

to _____ the dense cloud layer. A、persecute B、pierce C、penetrate D、plunge Part ￠ò Cloze Test Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Cartography is the art and science of map making.Maps are an important 41 for the presentation of angles, distances, areas and directions. They are used for a large 42 of purposes. A very important requirement, 43 accuracy,is that the map should be clearly legible. Modern methods of cartographic design and reproduction enable modern maps to be given a high 44 of clarity and 45 .The first consideration in the compilation of any map is the 46 for which it is to be used.A suitable map projection is required, 47 whether the map will have to show only a small part of the earth's surface, a relatively large area 48 a country or even a continent, or the whole surface of the earth.It will partially depend also on weather the map must satisfy geographical, 49 or traffic engineering requirements.Many different 50 and variants of these have been developed. 41、 A、method B、practice C、medium D、apparatus 42、 A、amount B、difference C、diversity D、variety 43、 A、besides B、despite C、except D、except for 44、 A、extent B、degree C、level D、standard 45、 A、imitation B、illustration C、precision D、distinction 46、 A、users B、consumers C、purpose D、utilization 47、 A、depending on B、consisting in C、resulting in D、consulting with 48、 A、equal to B、larger than C、such as D、which is 49、 A、analytical B、navigational C、ornamental D、technological 50、 A、duplications B、specifications C、transmissions D、projections Part ￠ó Reading Comprehension Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points) Passage 1 Why people work? Undoubtedly you have periodically asked yourself the same question, perhaps focused on why you have to work.?°Selfa2interest?±in its broadest sense,including the interests of family and friends,is a basic motivation for work in all societies.But selfa2interest can involve more than providing for subsistence or accumulating wealth.For instance,among the Maori,a Polynesian people of the South Pacific,a desire for approval,a sense of duty,a wish to conform to custom and tradition, a feea2ling of emulation(?o?ù),and a pleasure in craftsmanship are additional reasons for working.Even within the United States,we cannot understand work as simply a response to economic necessity.Studies show that the vast majority of Americans would continue to work even if they inherited enough money to live comfortably. When people work,they gain a contributing place in society. The fact that what they receive pay for their work indicates that what they do is needed by other people and that what they are a necessary part of the social fabric.Work is also a major social mechanism for placing people in the larger social structure and for providing them with identities.In the United States,it is a blunt and ruthlessly public fact that to do nothing is to be nothing and to do little is to be little.Work is commonly seen as the measure of an individual. Sociologist Melvin L. Kohn and his associates have shown some of the ways work affects our lives.Generally,people who engage in selfa2directed work come to value selfa2direction more highly,to be more open to new ideas and to be less authoritarian in their relationships with others.Moreover,they develop selfa2conceptions consistent with these values,and as parents they

pass these characteristics on to their children. Our work, then, is an important socializing experience that influences who and what we are. Traditionally, work for? selfa2interest?+ would be interpreted to mean work for A selfish reasons B a feeling of satisfacti C. earning a living D a contributing place in society In the second paragraph, the author points out that work and a corresponding salary mean that A. the worth of the work recognized by the society B the worker is better than any other person C the worker is able to support himself or herself D the worker is leading a very successful life As a conclusion, the author points out that work enables a worker to A get real satisfaction B. life a happy life C know the society better D shape and find himself The best title for the passage might be A. The Society and the Individual B The Significance of Work C The Society and Work D The Definition of Work Passage 2 Perhaps most puzzling than purring is the cat ' s ability to survive falls. A research shed light on this ability in 1987. The cat s habit of falling out of open windows provia2ded the researchers with an opportunity to study 115 cats that had fallen from highaZrise apartments in New York City. The average fall was 5. 5 stories Of the 115 cats studied, 90 percent survived, including on at that fell 32 stories onto a sidewalk and suffered only mild chest injury and a chipped tooth. Interestingly, cats that fell from 9 or more stories suffered fewer injuries than those falling from lower heights. Among cats that fell from 9 to 32 stories, only 5 percent suffered fatal injuries, but 10 percent of those that fell from 7 or fewer stories died. How do cats manage to take falling so easily?For one thing, in comparison to human beings, a cat is much smaller and lighter. Also, a cat has more body surface area in proportion to its weight than a human being has. This increase in surface area results in greater air resistance, which slows the fall. The important thing, however, is that a falling cat apparently positions itself to form a sort of parachute(? u??e?). Less than one second after it starts to fall, a cat quickly rights itself in midair with all four legs poina2ting downward. The cat s inner ears act like an internal gyroscope, telling the cat which direction it is falling. With the legs pointed down ward, the cat then spreads its legs so that its body forms a sort of parachute that increases air resistance. With its limbs flexed, the cat also cushions the force of impact by landing on all four legs. The force of the impact is distributed through the muscles and joints. The researchers believe that the parachute effect comes into play mainly above four stories, at the point where the cat has reached its greatest rate of descent Of the 115 cats the researchers studied, only I of 13 cats that fell nine or more stories sustained a bone fracture, whereas most to the cats that fell from lower stories suffered some type of broken bone. In the research it was found that the cats tend to suffer in juries or death when they fell from A. the highest story of the building

pass these characteristics on to their children. Our work,then,is an important socializing experience that influences who and what we are. Traditionally,work for?°selfa2interest?± would be interpreted to mean work for _____ . A.selfish reasons B.a feeling of satisfaction C.earning a living D.a contributing place in society In the second paragraph,the author points out that work and a corresponding salary mean that _____ . A.the worth of the worker is recognized by the society B.the worker is better than any other person C.the worker is able to support himself or herself D.the worker is leading a very successful life As a conclusion,the author points out that work enables a worker to _____ . A.get real satisfaction B.life a happy life C.know the society better D.shape and find himself The best title for the passage might be _____ . A.The Society and the Individual B.The Significance of Work C.The Society and Work D.The Definition of Work Passage 2 Perhaps most puzzling than purring is the cat's ability to survive falls. A research shed light on this ability in 1987. The cat's habit of falling out of open windows provia2ded the researchers with an opportunity to study 115 cats that had fallen from higha2rise apartments in New York City.The average fall was 5.5 stories.Of the 115 cats studied,90 percent survived, including one cat that fell 32 stories onto a sidewalk and suffered only mild chest injury and a chipped tooth.Interestingly,cats that fell from 9 or more stories suffered fewer injuries than those falling from lower heights.Among cats that fell from 9 to 32 stories, only 5 percent suffered fatal injuries,but 10 percent of those that fell from 7 or fewer stories died. How do cats manage to take falling so easily?For one thing, in comparison to human beings,a cat is much smaller and lighter. Also,a cat has more body surface area in proportion to its weight than a human being has.This increase in surface area results in greater air resistance,which slows the fall.The important thing,however, is that a falling cat apparently positions itself to form a sort of parachute(?μ??é?).Less than one second after it starts to fall, a cat quickly rights itself in midair with all four legs poina2ting downward. The cat's inner ears act like an internal gyroscope, telling the cat which direction it is falling.With the legs pointed downward,the cat then spreads its legs so that its body forms a sort of parachute that increases air resistance. With its limbs flexed, the cat also cushions the force of impact by landing on all four legs. The force of the impact is distributed through the muscles and joints. The researchers believe that the parachute effect comes into play mainly above four stories,at the point where the cat has reached its greatest rate of descent.Of the 115 cats the researchers studied,only 1 of 13 cats that fell nine or more stories sustained a bone fracture, whereas most to the cats that fell from lower stories suffered some type of broken bone. In the research it was found that the cats tend to suffer injuries or death when they fell from _____ . A.the highest story of the building

B the lowest story of the building C the middle stories of the build D. the fourth to seventh stories of it The key to the cats survival of high falls lies in A. its body B the size of its body surface C. its body weigh D its posture in the falling Cats that fall from high places A. take some time to ad just itself in midair B always spread itself as fully as possible C look like the shapes of parachutes D points their ears to the falling direction The parachute effect starts A in the middle of the cat's fall B when its fall reaches the highest speed C at the beginning of the cats fall D. towards the end of the cat s fall For the most part, schools are designed to produce people who fit into society, not people who set out to change it. However, schools, particularly universities, may not only transmit culture; they may add to the cultural heritage. Contemporary American society places a good deal of emphasis on the development of new knowledge, especially in the physical and biological sciences, medicine, and engineering. In recent decades, the nations leading universities have increasingly become research centres. An emphasis on research has led universities to judge professors not primarily in terms of their competence as teachers, but as researchers. Promotions, salary increases, and other benefits have long been dependent on research and publication. However, the top priority is no longer publishing. To be successful these days, professors have to bring in funds from research grants provided by government and private industry. Critics contend that academic success is most likely to come to those who have learned to neglect?t their teaching duties to pursue research activities Defenders say that even when students are not themse lves involved in research projects they benefit from the intellectual stimulation that a research orientation brings to university life. Ma jor research universities like the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have also established a range of partnerships with industrial concerns to develop technology and products with commercial potential. With universityazindustry ties continuing to grow, debate has flared about the consequences for basic science, academic openness, the control of information, the direction of research, and the influence on students Now, American universities consider A it urgent to change the U, S. culture B natural sciences more important than culture C research and publication more important than teaching D research more important than publications In contemporary standard, a successful teacher is one A who teaches well B who can obtain financial support for research

B.the lowest story of the building C.the middle stories of the building D.the fourth to seventh stories of it The key to the cat's survival of high falls lies in _____ . A.its body size B.the size of its body surface C.its body weight D.its posture in the falling Cats that fall from high places _____ . A.take some time to adjust itself in midair B.always spread itself as fully as possible C.look like the shapes of parachutes D.points their ears to the falling direction The parachute effect starts _____ . A.in the middle of the cat's fall B.when its fall reaches the highest speed C.at the beginning of the cat's fall D.towards the end of the cat's fall Passage 3 For the most part,schools are designed to produce people who fit into society,not people who set out to change it .However,schools,particularly universities,may not only transmit culture;they may add to the cultural heritage.Contemporary American society places a good deal of emphasis on the development of new knowledge,especially in the physical and biological sciences,medicine,and engineering.In recent decades,the nation's leading universities have increasingly become research centres. An emphasis on research has led universities to judge professors not primarily in terms of their competence as teachers, but as researchers.Promotions,salary increases,and other benefits have long been dependent on research and publication. However,the top priority is no longer publishing. To be successful these days,professors have to bring in funds from research grants provided by government and private industry.Critics contend that academic success is most likely to come to those who have learned to ?°neglect?±their teaching duties to pursue research activities. Defenders say that even when students are not themselves involved in research projects they benefit from the intellectual stimulation that a research orientation brings to university life. Major research universities like the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have also established a range of partnerships with industrial concerns to develop technology and products with commercial potential.With universitya2industry ties continuing to grow,debate has flared about the consequences for basic science, academic openness,the control of information, the direction of research,and the influence on students. Now,American universities consider _____ . A.it urgent to change the U、S. culture B.natural sciences more important than culture C.research and publication more important than teaching D.research more important than publications In contemporary standard,a successful teacher is one _____ . A.who teaches well B.who can obtain financial support for research

C who gets the highest salary D who has many publication Suppe present emphasis on research argue that A. it tudents in it B. it does good to students anyway C. it has a direct good effect on teaching D. it earns a lot of money for a university The autho the shift of emphasis to research. A to be very dissatisfied with B to be se C to be in favor of D to be neutral abou Passage 4 During the whole of a dull, dark and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country, and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher ?+Thus Edgar Allan Poe opened his story of The Fall of the House of Usher?+ in 1839. In this beautifully crafted sentence he captured so much that is essential to the horror story darkness, ominous solitude, foreboding calm, apprehension and uncertainty, and a deep feeling of melancholy that could soon turn to fear. Many kinds of fiction are selfazexplanatory: mysteries, Westerns, love stories, spy thrillers, and science fiction define themselves by the terms used to name them. The horror story is less easily defined, perhaps because other types of fiction so often use the trappings of terror to enhance their plots. Charles Dickens used the vehicle of an olda2fashioned ghost story to tell A Christmas Carol?+, but that book is not a horror story. Nor does a Grimm brothers fairy tale uch as Hansel and Gretel, ?+with its childa2devouring witch, belong to the genre The nature of the horror story is best indicated by the title of the 1980s television series tales from the Darkside. Hunan beings have always acknowledged that there is evil in the world and a dark side to human nature that cannot be explained except perhaps in religious terms. This evil may be imagined as having an almost unlimited power to inspire anxiety, fear, dread, and terror in addition to doing actual physical and mental harm In the tale of horror quite ordinary people are confronted by something unknown and fearful, which can be neither unders tood nor explained in reasonable terms. It is the emphasis on the unreasonable that lies at the heart of horror stories This kind of literature n the 18th century at the start of a movement called romanticism. The movement was a reaction against a rational, orderly world in which humanity was basically good and everything could be explained scientifically. The literary type that inspired the horror story is Gothic ficiton, tales of evil, often set in sinister medieval surroundings. This original kind of horror fiction has persisted to the present. In his novel, Edgar Allen Poe A, integrated the description of beauty into his horror story B, used a lot of typical descriptions of horror stories C, was universally considered as the father of horror story D, combined a touch of sadness in his description of horror By saying that? many kinds of fiction are selfaZexplanatory?+(the first sentence of paragraph 2), the author means A, they are easy to understand B, they are meant for ordinary readers

C.who gets the highest salary D.who has many publication Supporters of the present emphasis on research argue that _____ . A.it involves more students in it B.it does good to students anyway C.it has a direct good effect on teaching D.it earns a lot of money for a university The author seems _____ the shift of emphasis to research. A.to be very dissatisfied with B.to be sorry to see C.to be in favor of D.to be neutral about Passage 4 ?°During the whole of a dull, dark and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country, and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher.?±Thus Edgar Allan Poe opened his story of ?°The Fall of the House of Usher?± in 1839. In this beautifully crafted sentence he captured so much that is essential to the horror story: darkness, ominous solitude, foreboding calm, apprehension and uncertainty, and a deep feeling of melancholy that could soon turn to fear. Many kinds of fiction are selfa2explanatory: mysteries, Westerns, love stories, spy thrillers, and science fiction define themselves by the terms used to name them. The horror story is less easily defined, perhaps because other types of fiction so often use the trappings of terror to enhance their plots. Charles Dickens used the vehicle of an olda2fashioned ghost story to tell ?° A Christmas Carol?±, but that book is not a horror story. Nor does a Grimm brothers fairy tale such as ?°Hansel and Gretel,?±with its childa2devouring witch, belong to the genre. The nature of the horror story is best indicated by the title of the 1980s television series Tales from the Darkside. Hunan beings have always acknowledged that there is evil in the world and a dark side to human nature that cannot be explained except perhaps in religious terms. This evil may be imagined as having an almost unlimited power to inspire anxiety, fear, dread, and terror in addition to doing actual physical and mental harm. In the tale of horror quite ordinary people are confronted by something unknown and fearful, which can be neither understood nor explained in reasonable terms. It is the emphasis on the unreasonable that lies at the heart of horror stories. This kind of literature arose in the 18th century at the start of a movement called Romanticism. The movement was a reaction against a rational, orderly world in which humanity was basically good and everything could be explained scientifically. The literary type that inspired the horror story is Gothic ficiton, tales of evil, often set in sinister medieval surroundings. This original kind of horror fiction has persisted to the present. In his novel, Edgar Allen Poe _____ . A、integrated the description of beauty into his horror story B、used a lot of typical descriptions of horror stories C、was universally considered as the father of horror story D、combined a touch of sadness in his description of horror By saying that?°many kinds of fiction are selfa2explanatory?±(the first sentence of paragraph 2),the author means _____ . A、they are easy to understand B、they are meant for ordinary readers

C、 they often use ho to develop their plots D、 their categories hat they are about What is considered to be the most important ingredient that makes a horror story? A、 Irrationality. B、 Melancholy C、 Uncertainty Suspension. It is obvious that the assumption behind horror stories is that A, human beings are basically good B, mankind is evil in nature C, mankind can be taught to be good D、 both a and c Passage 5 One of the most vivid of the mythical episodes added to the history of the Celtic captain, Arthur, is that deed by which he was disclosed to be the predestined king. His father, Uther Pendragon, had died, and the powerful lords of the kingdom were all grasping for the crown By Merlin s advice and counsel it was finally decided that the supernatural powers should be left to determine the troubled issue. Before the greatest church in London a stone had appeared in which a sword was buried and letters of gold were to be seen on the stone around the sword to the effect that the one who could draw the blade should be recognized as king. Many tried in vain. Then, at last, this unknown youth, Arthur, who had been reared secretly under that guardianship of Merlin, rode up te the church and ignorant of the magic of his deed, pulled out the sword. This striking symbol of the hero s election and sacred power is derived from the prehistoric period at the close of the Age of Stone. Swords were not made until after the discovery of bronze and iron: before that time there were only spears and arrows and axes. And so, who is the one who frees the metal from the stone ?The cultureaZhero: the magic smith, who released the worlds from the stone Age and taught mankind the art of smelting bronze and iron from the ore. the hero who can draw the iron sword from the stone is not necessarily a great warrior, but always a powerful magician, a lord over spiazritual and material things: a seer comparable, in terms of the Iron Age, to modern inventor, chemist or engineer, who creates new weapons for his people. And just as today we live in awe and some fear of the man of science so it is only natural that the folk of that faraway other day should have thought of the one who freed for them metal from stone as the chosen master of the secrets of existence n the third sentence of paragraph 3, the? troubled issue?+ refers to A. the death of the old kin B. Merlin’ s advice C the succession to the crown D the quarrel among the powerful lords Before be the k Arthur first successor to t C was disclosed to be the predestined king D a Celtic captain with magic power The second paragraph makes it clear that A. the Arthur story reflects a historical transition in human civilization B. Arthur story is legendary and has no realazlife basis

C、they often use horror to develop their plots D、their categories show what they are about What is considered to be the most important ingredient that makes a horror story? A、Irrationality. B、Melancholy. C、Uncertainty. D、Suspension. It is obvious that the assumption behind horror stories is that _____ . A、human beings are basically good B、mankind is evil in nature C、mankind can be taught to be good D、both A and C Passage 5 One of the most vivid of the mythical episodes added to the history of the Celtic captain,Arthur,is that deed by which he was disclosed to be the predestined king.His father,Uther Pendragon,had died, and the powerful lords of the kingdom were all grasping for the crown.By Merlin's advice and counsel it was finally decided that the supernatural powers should be left to determine the troubled issue.Before the greatest church in London a stone had appeared in which a sword was buried and letters of gold were to be seen on the stone around the sword to the effect that the one who could draw the blade should be recognized as king.Many tried in vain.Then,at last,this unknown youth,Arthur,who had been reared secretly under that guardianship of Merlin,rode up to the church and ,ignorant of the magic of his deed,pulled out the sword. This striking symbol of the hero's election and sacred power is derived from the prehistoric period at the close of the Age of Stone.Swords were not made until after the discovery of bronze and iron: before that time there were only spears and arrows and axes.And so, who is the one who frees the metal from the stone?The culturea2hero:the magic smith,who released the worlds from the Stone Age and taught mankind the art of smelting bronze and iron from the ore.The hero who can draw the iron sword from the stone is not necessarily a great warrior,but always a powerful magician,a lord over spia2ritual and material things:a seer comparable,in terms of the Iron Age,to modern inventor,chemist or engineer,who creates new weapons for his people. And just as today we live in awe and some fear of the man of science so it is only natural that the folk of that faraway other day should have thought of the one who freed for them metal from stone as the chosen master of the secrets of existence. In the third sentence of paragraph 3, the?°troubled issue?± refers to _____ . A.the death of the old king B.Merlin's advice C.the succession to the crown D.the quarrel among the powerful lords Before becoming the King, Arthur _____ . A.was the first successor to the crown B.was raised somewhere other than the court C.was disclosed to be the predestined king D.a Celtic captain with magic power The second paragraph makes it clear that _____ . A.the Arthur story reflects a historical transition in human civilization B.Arthur story is legendary and has no reala2life basis