模拟试题[17] Simulated test Part I Structure and Vocabulary Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, c and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points) 1. Grown people should never say or do anything wrong before children, lest they the a bad example. A. will set B. are to set 2. Backward somewhat technologically we are for the moment, we have perfect faith in ur ability to catch up in time. A C. even thoug D. that 3. When his plane arrives at the airport in Shanghai, I for Beijing A. shall leave B. shall be leaving D. shall already have left 4. The students at the audi torium before 1:30 p. m, but the lecture was cancelled at the last A. were to have assembled D. had assembled 5. Psychologists use exactly the same instrument they use for adults to record babies
模拟试题[17] Simulated Test [PREVIOUS] [NEXT] Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points) 1. Grown people should never say or do anything wrong before children,lest they _____ them a bad example. A．will set B．are to set C．should set D．set 2. Backward somewhat technologically _____ we are for the moment,we have perfect faith in our ability to catch up in time. A．as B．if C．even though D．that 3. When his plane arrives at the airport in Shanghai,I _____ for Beijing. A．shall leave B．shall be leaving C．am leaving D．shall already have left 4. The students _____ at the auditorium before 1∶30 p.m.,but the lecture was cancelled at the last minute. A．were to have assembled B．would assemble C．should have assembled D．had assembled 5. Psychologists use exactly the same instrument _____ they use for adults to record babies responses. A．which B．that
C. with which 6. Let everyone work with all his might; and most of all let the government arouse itself o do that work which is vital, and which government can do effectively. B. rather than C. other than D. more than the choice of a fine home down town and a modest one in the suburbs the latter will Bein ven C. If giver D. When given 8. Business was slackening and there was no expectation of the unemployed within a short period of time. A. being taken on B. to have been taken on D. having been taken on 9. Science is a structure of many interlocking disciplines, its growth mans imagination and his compelling desire to understand his environment and himself. dependent of D. is independent of 10. Every Englishman has some knowledge, of the work of the greatest writer, William A. how slight C. even slight D. however slight Directions Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B D Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWer (5 l1. It is highly desirable that every(A)effort will be( B)made to reduce expenditure and that ( C)every member of the staff economize(D)wherever possible
C．with which D．as 6. Let everyone work with all his might;and most of all let the government arouse itself to do that work which is vital,and which _____ government can do effectively. A．none but B．rather than C．other than D．more than 7. _____ the choice of a fine home down town and a modest one in the suburbs the latter will win. A．Being given B．Given C．If given D．When given 8. Business was slackening and there was no expectation of the unemployed _____ within a short period of time. A．being taken on B．to have been taken on C．to be taken on D．having been taken on 9. Science is a structure of many interlocking disciplines,its growth _____ man's imagination and his compelling desire to understand his environment and himself. A．depends on B．independent of C．dependent on D．is independent of 10. Every Englishman has some knowledge, _____ ,of the work of the greatest writer,William Shakespeare. A．how slight B．somewhat slight C．even slight D．however slight Section B Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5 points) 11. It is highly desirable that every (A) effort will be (B) made to reduce expenditure and that (C) every member of the staff economize (D) wherever possible
12. At first we were so high above(A) in the air (b)that everything seemed like ( C)ants: but I could see whatever (D)I wanted 13. Dresses, skirts, shoes and childrens clothing (A) are advertised(B)at lowly reduced(C) 14. Paris is one of many world cities that are (A)currently ( b)developing programs of restoring its ( C) historical()buildings 15. Saddened by the actor s sudden death, tablished (A)so that family and friends can make( B)donations in his (C) name to(D)the American Cancer Society. 16. While (a) the total number of farmers tilling (B)the soil is barely (c) half what they were(D)in 1959, the size of the average farm has tripled 17. Under (A)no circumstances we should (b) do anything (c) that will benefit ourselves but (D) harm the interest of the state 18. Travelling to work (a) by car is more convenient than to use(B)public transport, fo there is no irritation caused by waiting for buses or(C)underground trains for as long half an hour sometimes (D) 19. When (A)the west part of Scotland is wet with an(B)average rainfall of(C)up to 200cm, the east is dryer (D) with about 75cm. 20. I used to go down () to the bank of the stream and chose(B)little flattened (C)stones to throw across the water, which moved as swiftly(d) as swallows. Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the aNSWER ShEET. (10 points) 21. If someone is frowning, we that she or he is sad or angry. B. claim C. anticipate D. acknowledge 22. The new apartment built few months ago is large enough to ver two hundred people. C. settle D. accommodate 23. A river through the narrow wooded valley below
12. At first we were so high above (A) in the air (B) that everything seemed like (C) ants;but I could see whatever (D) I wanted. 13. Dresses,skirts,shoes and children's clothing (A) are advertised (B) at lowly reduced (C) prices this (D) weekend. 14. Paris is one of many world cities that are (A) currently (B) developing programs of restoring its (C) historical (D) buildings. 15. Saddened by the actor's sudden death, a memorial fund will be established (A) so that family and friends can make (B) donations in his (C) name to (D) the American Cancer Society. 16. While (A) the total number of farmers tilling (B) the soil is barely (C) half what they were (D) in 1959,the size of the average farm has tripled. 17. Under (A) no circumstances we should (B) do anything (C) that will benefit ourselves but (D) harm the interest of the state. 18. Travelling to work (A) by car is more convenient than to use (B) public transport,for there is no irritation caused by waiting for buses or (C) underground trains for as long as half an hour sometimes (D) . 19. When (A) the west part of Scotland is wet with an (B) average rainfall of (C) up to 200cm,the east is dryer (D) with about 75cm. 20. I used to go down (A) to the bank of the stream and chose (B) little flattened (C) stones to throw across the water,which moved as swiftly (D) as swallows. Section C Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) 21. If someone is frowning,we _____ that she or he is sad or angry. A．infer B．claim C．anticipate D．acknowledge 22. The new apartment built few months ago is large enough to _____ over two hundred people. A．locate B．reside C．settle D．accommodate 23. A river _____ through the narrow wooded valley below. A．extends
C. expands 24. In order to strengthen his arguements, Toffler respectable social scientists whe ith h D. convinces 25. The decline of Rome the disappearance of classical dram C. restored 26. The birthday party and all the guests hurried home at once. A. broke B. broke C, broke D. broke down 27. In one scene of Modern Time, Charlie Chaplin was shown trying to keep in time with d assembly lit A. aimlessly D. desperately 8. When writing about controversial topics, some authors try to be without favouring i ther side Ive B. reflective suasive 29. When people have their basic needs satisfied, they begin to think of other things to fulfil their life A C. appreciations D. expectations 30. The doctor assured me that the pain would one hour after i took the medicine A. wear away
B．pours C．expands D．twists 24. In order to strengthen his arguements,Toffler _____ respectable social scientists who agree with him. A．recites B．confirms C．quotes D．convinces 25. The decline of Rome _____ the disappearance of classical drama. A．restrained B．withheld C．restored D．witnessed 26. The birthday party _____ and all the guests hurried home at once. A．broke in B．broke up C．broke out D．broke down 27. In one scene of Modern Time,Charlie Chaplin was shown trying _____ to keep in time with a rapid assembly line. A．aimlessly B．violently C．hardly D．desperately 28. When writing about controversial topics,some authors try to be _____ without favouring either side. A．impressive B．reflective C．objective D．persuasive 29. When people have their basic needs satisfied,they begin to think of other things to fulfil their life _____ . A．necessities B．requirements C．appreciations D．expectations 30. The doctor assured me that the pain would _____ one hour after I took the medicine. A．wear away
C. wear down D. wear out 31. In spite of Spanish origin, Brazil also has certain things which make her B shed ve d. distinctive 32. The government will be better able to other problems because it won t be caught up in planning ahead for future population growth. A. tackle C. relieve D. eliminat 33. The teacher made strenuous efforts to read the faint handwriting in his students exercise books A. illegal B. illiterate lustrative 34. One of the reasons for his popularity in our village is that he every time he comes back from the big city. C. asks after D. runs fc 35. We hope to be able to get married early this month, but things didnt as we A. work out C. fill 36. To ensure maximal voter participation in a presidential election, thorough planning and a voter registration are usually required. B. encouragement C. investigation d. drive
B．wear on C．wear down D．wear out 31. In spite of Spanish origin,Brazil also has certain things which make her _____ . A．specific B．distinguished C．specialized D．distinctive 32. The government will be better able to _____ other problems because it won't be caught up in planning ahead for future population growth. A．tackle B．challenge C．relieve D．eliminate 33. The teacher made strenuous efforts to read the faint, _____ handwriting in his students' exercise books. A．illegal B．illiterate C．illegible D．illustrative 34. One of the reasons for his popularity in our village is that he _____ almost everyone every time he comes back from the big city. A．looks after B．cares for C．asks after D．runs for 35. We hope to be able to get married early this month,but things didn't _____ as we had expected. A．work out B．come by C．fill up D．lay down 36. To ensure maximal voter participation in a presidential election,thorough planning and a voter registration _____ are usually required. A．restriction B．encouragement C．investigation D．drive
37. He was such a busy man that after a long delay he writing the letter. A. got around to odk orward te up wl 38. When people do not to an acceptable standard of behavior, they are bound to offend ther pe A. confirm B. conform D. confound 39. This unconventional theory was at first greeted with a good deal of but soon those who had laughed at him realized how wrong they were B. accusation D. elimination by nature, he could not help asking questions whenever he asw some thing unusual A. fantastic B. optimistic D. inquisitive Part Cloze Test ections: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labelled A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) From the earliest days the conviction has been growing among the American people and their leaders that the state must be responsible for seeing that its citizens have a certain amount of education. That the state has this responsibility 4l the state constitutions, the hundreds of school laws in each state, and the 42 of decisions of local, state, and 43 courts. 44, education has come to be 45 regarded as a state function. The assumption of educational control by the state is 46 accidental: state control has come because of the early and ever growing belief that education is the backing of a democratic government and cannot be left too much 48 the wishes of any individual or of any community. In a democracy the people cannot be permitted to remain 49 although some of them might desire that 50 41.A. shows B showing C shown by D. is shown B scores amoun D quantities 43.A country B national C federa D. law n brie B. In particular C. In consequence D In addition
37. He was such a busy man that after a long delay,he _____ writing the letter. A．got around to B．look forward to C．passed on to D．took up with 38. When people do not _____ to an acceptable standard of behavior,they are bound to offend other people. A．confirm B．conform C．confine D．confound 39. This unconventional theory was at first greeted with a good deal of _____ ,but soon those who had laughed at him realized how wrong they were. A．barrier B．accusation C．ridicule D．elimination 40. Being _____ by nature,he could not help asking questions whenever he asw something unusual. A．fantastic B．optimistic C．questionable D．inquisitive Part Ⅱ Cloze Test Directions：For each numbered blank in the following passage，there are four choices labelled A，B，C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points） From the earliest days the conviction has been growing among the American people and their leaders that the state must be responsible for seeing that its citizens have a certain amount of education.That the state has this responsibility 41 the state constitutions,the hundreds of school laws in each state, and the 42 of decisions of local，state，and 43 courts. 44 ，education has come to be 45 regarded as a state function.The assumption of educational control by the state is 46 accidental；state control has come because of the early and ever growing belief that education is the backing of a democratic government and cannot， 47 ，be left too much 48 the wishes of any individual or of any community.In a democracy the people cannot be permitted to remain 49 although some of them might desire that 50 . 41.A.shows B.showing C.shown by D.is shown by 42.A.scale B.scores C.amount D.quantities 43.A.country B.national C.federal D.law 44.A.In brief B.In particular C.In consequence D.In addition
45. A confidentially B. incidentally iversally D. internationall. 46.A. not B only C actuall D perha 47. A. however B. therefore C. for example D. above all D. ignorance B ignored ignorant D ignorantly 50. A level B standard D identity Part Ill Reading Comprehension Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Research indicates that parents who reward self control and independence tend to ha children with high achievement motivation. Such parents set high standards for their children but allow them to work at their own level and to make their own mistakes. by contrast, parents of low need achievers typically set impossibly high goals for their children and make extreme demands. In addition, parents of high need achievers encourage good performance but do not berate their children when they fail. If a child comes home from school with four A' s and one b on a report card, the parents focus on the A s: parents of a potential low need achiever tend to ask Why the B?Parents of high need achievers respond to mediocre grades with warmth and suggestions for reasonable goals and ways to reach them. Parents of low need achievers might say, "Youre dumb and lazy you' ll never amount to anything", and punish the child. When a child is having trouble with a math problem, the parent of a potentially high need achiever will suggest the general procedure and let the child work out the particular solution: a low need achievers parent will solve the problem and then hand the child the answer. That needs for affiliation and achievement exist within all of us, to varying degrees is undeniable. And al though biological bases for at least the affiliation need have been proposed a great deal more is known about the psychological bases of these needs and how they come about Closely related to motivation are emotions, which can activate and direct behavior in much the same way as physiological, social, and psychological motivations do. 51. Parents of high need achievers A. usually leave their children alone B. set very high standards for their children C. allow for failure on the part of their children D. control their children to a minimum degree 52. In the fourth sentence of paragraph l, the expression "berate their children"probably means A. praise them B. neglect them
45.A.confidentially B.incidentally C.universally D.internationally 46.A.not B.only C.actually D.perhaps 47.A.however B.therefore C.for example D.above all 48.A.to B.for C.of D.against 49.A.ignorance B.ignored C.ignorant D.ignorantly 50.A.level B.standard C.status D.identity Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Directions：Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked A，B，C and D.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points） Passage 1 Research indicates that parents who reward self control and independence tend to have children with high achievement motivation.Such parents set high standards for their children but allow them to work at their own level and to make their own mistakes.By contrast，parents of low need achievers typically set impossibly high goals for their children and make extreme demands.In addition，parents of high need achievers encourage good performance but do not berate their children when they fail.If a child comes home from school with four A's and one B on a report card，the parents focus on the A's；parents of a potential low need achiever tend to ask， “Why the B?”Parents of high need achievers respond to mediocre grades with warmth and suggestions for reasonable goals and ways to reach them.Parents of low need achievers might say，“You're dumb and lazy you'll never amount to anything”，and punish the child.When a child is having trouble with a math problem，the parent of a potentially high need achiever will suggest the general procedure and let the child work out the particular solution；a low need achiever's parent will solve the problem and then hand the child the answer. That needs for affiliation and achievement exist within all of us，to varying degrees， is undeniable.And although biological bases for at least the affiliation need have been proposed， a great deal more is known about the psychological bases of these needs and how they come about. Closely related to motivation are emotions，which can activate and direct behavior in much the same way as physiological，social，and psychological motivations do. 51. Parents of high need achievers _____ . A．usually leave their children alone B．set very high standards for their children C．allow for failure on the part of their children D．control their children to a minimum degree 52. In the fourth sentence of paragraph 1，the expression“berate their children”probably means _____ . A．praise them B．neglect them
C. scold them D. beat the 53. If a child gets good marks for some courses and lower marks for others, a parent of a high need achiever will A. criticize him for the lower marks and praise him for the good B. praise him and give some suggestions for further improvement C. praise him for the good marks and reward him D. criticize him for the lower marks and punish him 54. The passage is mainly about the role of A. reward in promoting their children s study B. self control and independence in child growth C. emotional reaction in promoting achievement D. praise in promoting desired behavior Passage 2 a question that has puzzled anthropologists for years whether the uniquely human habit of bipedalism (walking upright on two limbs developed suddenly among our ancient ancesters or curred gradually over time-received new attention in September 1988. Anthropologist William L Jungers of State University of New York reported evidence that australopithecines, humanlike creatures who lived between I million and 4 million years ago, probably moved in a manner similar to both human beings and apes, suggesting that bipedalism was a gradual development in early human Jungers compared the hip and leg joints of apes. He noted that in human beings these joints are exceptionally large relative to body size. This is because they bear all of the body 's weight when a person is standing In apes, however, the leg and hip joints are smaller because apes also use their forelimbs for support Jungers then examined the hip and leg joints of an australopithecine skeleton nicknamed lucy and found that its joints display both humanlike and apelike characteristics, Jungers concluded that Lucys physical development-as well as that of other australopitheciness-falls somewhere between human beings and apes. While australopithecines may have walked in an upright manner their gait was probably far different from the upright movement exhibited by modern human beings. 55. Jungers finding showed that A. human beings walked upright later than australopithecines B. bipedalism might have developed suddenly in early human C. early humans might have learned to walk gradnally D. human beings evolved from australopithecines rather than from apes 56. Jungers report was based upon his comparison of A. the body size of people, apes and australopithecines B. the skeleton of people, apes and australopithecines
C．scold them D．beat them 53. If a child gets good marks for some courses and lower marks for others，a parent of a high need achiever will _____ . A．criticize him for the lower marks and praise him for the good B．praise him and give some suggestions for further improvement C．praise him for the good marks and reward him D．criticize him for the lower marks and punish him 54. The passage is mainly about the role of _____ . A．reward in promoting their children's study B．self control and independence in child growth C．emotional reaction in promoting achievement D．praise in promoting desired behavior Passage 2 A question that has puzzled anthropologists for years whether the uniquely human habit of bipedalism （walking upright on two limbs）developed suddenly among our ancient ancesters or occurred gradually over time-received new attention in September 1988.Anthropologist William L.Jungers of State University of New York reported evidence that australopithecines，humanlike creatures who lived between 1 million and 4 million years ago，probably moved in a manner similar to both human beings and apes，suggesting that bipedalism was a gradual development in early human beings. Jungers compared the hip and leg joints of apes.He noted that in human beings these joints are exceptionally large relative to body size.This is because they bear all of the body's weight when a person is standing.In apes，however，the leg and hip joints are smaller because apes also use their forelimbs for support. Jungers then examined the hip and leg joints of an australopithecine skeleton nicknamed Lucy and found that its joints display both humanlike and apelike characteristics，Jungers concluded that Lucy's physical development-as well as that of other australopitheciness-falls somewhere between human beings and apes.While australopithecines may have walked in an upright manner， their gait was probably far different from the upright movement exhibited by modern human beings. 55. Jungers'finding showed that _____ . A．human beings walked upright later than australopithecines B．bipedalism might have developed suddenly in early humans C．early humans might have learned to walk gradnally D．human beings evolved from australopithecines rather than from apes 56. Jungers'report was based upon his comparison of _____ . A．the body size of people, apes and australopithecines B．the skeleton of people, apes and australopithecines
C. the hips and leg joints of people, apes and australopithecines D, the size of hip and leg joints of modern people and australopithecines 57. Which of the following is true about Lucy according to Junger? A. Lucy walked more like apes than like human beings B. Lucy moved her steps in the same manner as people. C. Lucy might walk quite differently from modern man. D. Lucy had hip and leg joints like people s 58. Why is the size of the hip and leg joints imortant in establishing the human habit of bipedalism A. they support human body in an upright positio B. they are the only observable evidence in australopi thecines stud C. the evolution of the joints is the fastest in animals D. they mark the ma jor difference between humans and humanlike animals. Passage 3 90 percent and possibly 99 percent of all matter in the universe is completely invisible Mounting evidence has led astronomers to just such an improbable conclusion: At l Astronomers call this invisible stuff dark matter An astronomer first reported the invisible matter after noting some unusual behaviour in visible matter. In 1933, Swiss astrophysicist Fritz Zwicky observed that galaxies(E)in a cluster f galaxies travelled at higher speeds than expected. He concluded that something was causing strange gravitational effects on these galaxies. Galaxies are like vast islands in deep space containing billions of stars that are held by the force of gravity. Some galaxies are part of larger systems called clusters, which contain many galaxies. Most galaxies, however, belong to smaller systems called groups. groups and clusters in turn form even larger structures known as superclusters. Just as the force of gravity keeps stars together in galaxies, so the force of gravity appears to keep galaxies together clu This same force of gravity keeps planets orbiting around the sun, rather than flying off into space. How great a force gravity exerts depends on the mass of the objects attracted and the distance between them, a principle discovered by Newton. The amount of mass and the distance between ob jects also determine how fast the objects travel as they orbit each other. For exam In our Dlar system, the sun is the most massive object, making up about 99.9 percent of the mass of the solar system, and the force of its gravity keeps Earth and the other planets in orbit around it. The orbital speeds of the planets decline with increasing distance from the sun. The planet nearest to the sun, Mercury, travels at an orbital speed of 48 kilometers per second, while the distant planet Pluto orbits at speed of 4. 7 kilometers per second. 9. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Ninety percent of all the matter in the universe is invisible. B. Dark matter causes visible matter to behave in a strange way
C．the hips and leg joints of people, apes and australopithecines D．the size of hip and leg joints of modern people and australopithecines 57. Which of the following is TRUE about Lucy according to Junger? A．Lucy walked more like apes than like human beings. B．Lucy moved her steps in the same manner as people. C．Lucy might walk quite differently from modern man. D．Lucy had hip and leg joints like people's. 58. Why is the size of the hip and leg joints imortant in establishing the human habit of bipedalism? A．they support human body in an upright position. B．they are the only observable evidence in australopithecines study. C．the evolution of the joints is the fastest in animals. D．they mark the major difference between humans and humanlike animals. Passage 3 Mounting evidence has led astronomers to just such an improbable conclusion：At least 90 percent and possibly 99 percent of all matter in the universe is completely invisible. Astronomers call this invisible stuff dark matter. An astronomer first reported the invisible matter after noting some unusual behaviour in visible matter.In 1933，Swiss astrophysicist Fritz Zwicky observed that galaxies（星系）in a cluster of galaxies travelled at higher speeds than expected.He concluded that something was causing strange gravitational effects on these galaxies. Galaxies are like vast islands in deep space containing billions of stars that are held together by the force of gravity.Some galaxies are part of larger systems called clusters，which contain many galaxies.Most galaxies，however，belong to smaller systems called groups. Groups and clusters in turn form even larger structures known as superclusters. Just as the force of gravity keeps stars together in galaxies，so the force of gravity appears to keep galaxies together in clusters. This same force of gravity keeps planets orbiting around the sun，rather than flying off into space.How great a force gravity exerts depends on the mass of the objects attracted and the distance between them，a principle discovered by Newton. The amount of mass and the distance between objects also determine how fast the objects travel as they orbit each other. For example，in our solar system，the sun is the most massive object，making up about 99．9 percent of the mass of the solar system，and the force of its gravity keeps Earth and the other planets in orbit around it.The orbital speeds of the planets decline with increasing distance from the sun.The planet nearest to the sun，Mercury，travels at an orbital speed of 48 kilometers per second，while the distant planet Pluto orbits at speed of 4．7 kilometers per second. 59. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Ninety percent of all the matter in the universe is invisible. B．Dark matter causes visible matter to behave in a strange way
C. Galaxies in a cluster sometimes behave in an unusual manner D. invisible matter keeps galaxies together with gravity. 60. In astronomical terms, a cluster A. consists of galaxies B. consists of grou C. makes up superclusters D. makes up a group 61. The nearer a planet is to the sun A. the lighter it is B. the greater gravity it exerts heavier it is faster it orbits 62. According to Newtons principle A. the force of gravity keeps planets orbiting around the sun rather than flying off B. the sun is the most massive ob ject, making up 99.8 percent of the mass of the solar system C. the amount of mass determine how fast the objects travel as they orbit each other D. Pluto receives the least force of gravity from the sun of all the planets in the solar Passage 4 a child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circums tances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement in the printed text, so much the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic(虐待狂的) impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. as to fears, there are, I think, well authenticated (EFsBJ) cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered There are also people who ob ject to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two headed dragons, magic carpets, etc, do not exist: and that instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to argue with them. If their case were the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New Yorl to Philadelphia on a broomstick (aae) or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl friend
C．Galaxies in a cluster sometimes behave in an unusual manner. D．invisible matter keeps galaxies together with gravity. 60. In astronomical terms, a cluster _____ . A．consists of galaxies B．consists of groups C．makes up superclusters D．makes up a group 61. The nearer a planet is to the sun, _____ . A．the lighter it is B．the greater gravity it exerts C．the heavier it is D．the faster it orbits 62. According to Newton's principle, _____ . A．the force of gravity keeps planets orbiting around the sun rather than flying off B．the sun is the most massive object, making up 99．8 percent of the mass of the solar system C．the amount of mass determine how fast the objects travel as they orbit each other D．Pluto receives the least force of gravity from the sun of all the planets in the solar system Passage 4 A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes，as a rule，to have it retold in identically the same words，but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts.It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book，and，if a parent can produce what，in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child，is an improvement in the printed text，so much the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic（虐待狂的）impulses.To prove the latter，one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not.Aggressive，destructive，sadistic impulses every child has and，on the whole，their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action.As to fears，there are，I think，well authenticated（实际的）cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story.Often，however，this arises from the child having heard the story once.Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true，that giants，witches，two headed dragons，magic carpets，etc.，do not exist；and that， instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales，the child should be taught how to argue with them.If their case were sound，the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick（扫帚把）or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl friend