模拟试题[5] Simulated test Part I Structure and Vocabulary Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ansWer sheet by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points lessons were not easy. A)Our first few short English B)Our few first English short D)Our few first short English A)To apply for this job B)Making application for the job C)In order to get this job D)If you want to apply for this job 3. We always keep some candles in our bedroom A)in the event B)unless D)in case A)whether she can come B)what will she do C)while she will be here D) 5. The instrcutions ask that we a red pen. a)did not use B)use not C)no D)do not use
模拟试题[5] Simulated Test [PREVIOUS] [NEXT] Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A Directions： Beneath each of the following sentences,there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D) Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(5 points) 1. _____ lessons were not easy. A)Our first few short English B)Our few first English short C)Few our first English short D)Our few first short English 2. _____ ,a Form 35 must be completed. A)To apply for this job B)Making application for the job C)In order to get this job D)If you want to apply for this job 3. We always keep some candles in our bedroom _____ there is power cut. A)in the event B)unless C)if D)in case 4. I doubt _____ . A)whether she can come B)what will she do C)while she will be here D)when will she do 5. The instrcutions ask that we _____ a red pen. A)did not use B)use not C)not use D)do not use
6. I would have gone with her to New York except I A)had had B)had D)would have 7. Its high time that they to take you seriously and they know it. B)began C)begun D)had 8. The lawyer for the defense made the recommendation to the judge that the trial until the missing witness was found A)be delayed B)del C)will be delayed D)should delay 9. The girls were sorry the singers when they arrived at the railway station. A)to miss B)to hav C)to have missed D)mi 10. Having the highest marks in his class, A)the school offered him a scholarship B)he was offered a scholarship by the schoo C)a scholarship was offered him by the school D)a school scholarship was offered to him Secti Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D)Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ansWer Sheet by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points) 11. Every(A)man and woman should vote(B) for(C) the candidate of their choice (D) 12. I had trouble with (A)my car this morning(B)but()I finally managed it to get starte 3. The grain of rye is longer (A)and slender (B)than (C) that of(D)wheat 14. He has less(A)friends lass (B) now than (C) he had last year (D) 5. Seldom a single concept has played (A)so important a (B)role in mathematics as(C)the concept of (D) function
6. I would have gone with her to New York except I _____ no time. A)had had B)had C)have D)would have 7. It′s high time that they _____ to take you seriously and they know it. A)begin B)began C)begun D)had 8. The lawyer for the defense made the recommendation to the judge that the trial _____ until the missing witness was found. A)be delayed B)delayed C)will be delayed D)should delay 9. The girls were sorry _____ the singers when they arrived at the railway station. A)to miss B)to have been missed C)to have missed D)missing 10. Having the highest marks in his class, _____ . A)the school offered him a scholarship B)he was offered a scholarship by the school C)a scholarship was offered him by the school D)a school scholarship was offered to him Section B Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D) Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(5 points) 11. Every (A) man and woman should vote (B) for (C) the candidate of their choice (D) . 12. I had trouble with (A) my car this morning (B) but (C) I finally managed it to get started (D) . 13. The grain of rye is longer (A) and slender (B) than (C) that of (D) wheat. 14. He has less (A) friends in his class (B) now than (C) he had last year (D) . 15. Seldom a single concept has played (A) so important a (B) role in mathematics as (C) the concept of (D) function
a better one D) So(A)inferior quality that (B) I took it back (C)and asked for 16. The computer was of 17. The Empire State Building, once (A)Americas tallest (B), is now surpassed (C) by either (D)the Sears Tower in Chicago and the trade Center in New York. 18. The(4)Greens have visited(B)New York and Washington, and they assure (C)me that they le (a) is known about(B) the cause of the common cold than about the causes (C)of many more (D)serious diseases 20. Unlike(A) commercial motion(B)pictures, educational films are not financed(C) by paying (D)admission. Section c Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the anSWer Sheet by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets (10 points) 21. The lawyer thought that piece of evidence was early in the investigation, but it turned out to be vital in convicting the criminal A)satisfactory B)insignificant C)unalterable D)important 22. Jane her sister: shes always cheerful C)takes aft 23. The elegant decorations the gym into a starlit ballroom. A)interrupted B)t D)reverted 24. The driver of the car was for the damage caused to the passenger. A)liable C)responsive 25. I wonder if the manager will turn my offer
16. The computer was of so (A) inferior quality that (B) I took it back (C) and asked for a better one (D) . 17. The Empire State Building, once (A) America′s tallest (B) ,is now surpassed (C) by either (D) the Sears Tower in Chicago and the Trade Center in New York. 18. The (4) Greens have visited (B) New York and Washington, and they assure (C) me that they like Washington the best (D) . 19. Little (A) is known about (B) the cause of the common cold than about the causes (C) of many more (D) serious diseases. 20. Unlike (A) commercial motion (B) pictures,educational films are not financed (C) by paying (D) admission. Section C Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D) Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(10 points) 21. The lawyer thought that piece of evidence was _____ early in the investigation,but it turned out to be vital in convicting the criminal. A)satisfactory B)insignificant C)unalterable D)important 22. Jane _____ her sister; she′s always cheerful. A)takes for B)takes in C)takes after D)takes on 23. The elegant decorations _____ the gym into a starlit ballroom. A)interrupted B)transformed C)sustained D)reverted. 24. The driver of the car was _____ for the damage caused to the passenger. A)liable B)reliable C)responsive D)corresponding 25. I wonder if the manager will turn _____ my offer. A)out
B C)down D 6. After discussing the matter with the bank manager, Peter ceived his loan A)instantly B)instinctivel y 27. The office worker was dismissed because he was found to bi A)negligible B)neglect C)negative D)negligent 28. As we approached the pyramids, a stone sphinx greeted us at the entrance. A)masssive B)mass C)mask 29. The policeman′s mind caught th e sus pect′ s lies. Baler c) D)al 30. The supply of copper in the mines had, causing great concerns among the people A)increased B)diminished C)extender D)devalued 31. After a week in space, the spacecraft returned to A)land B)earth C)ground D)floor 32. The warranty guaranted that all parts would be replaced without change a)detecti B)defective C)effectiv D) defensive
B)on C)down D)off 26. After discussing the matter with the bank manager, Peter _____ received his loan. A)instantly B)instinctively C)casually D)unexpectedly 27. The office worker was dismissed because he was found to be _____ . A)negligible B)neglect C)negative D)negligent 28. As we approached the pyramids,a _____ stone sphinx greeted us at the entrance. A)masssive B)mass C)mask D)master 29. The policeman′s _____ mind caught the suspect′s lies. A)alarm B)alert C)warn D)alien 30. The supply of copper in the mines had _____ , causing great concerns among the people of the town. A)increased B)diminished C)extended D)devalued 31. After a week in space, the spacecraft returned to _____ . A)land B)earth C)ground D)floor 32. The warranty guaranted that all _____ parts would be replaced without change. A)detective B)defective C)effective D)defensive
33. The gas company a leak in the main line and evacuated all the tenants of the building. A)smelled B)looked C)detected D)listened 34. Plato s teachings had a profound on Aristotle A)affect B)affection C)effort D)effect 35. After a long lunch hour, business as usual B)res sumes D)retains 36. Peter was in his novel that he forgot about his dinner cooking in the oven. B)absorb C)excelle D)obliged 37. Lyndon Johnson John Kennedy as president of the United States. A)succeeded in B)succee D)followed by 38. When he was director of the company his firs was to bring about better working A)accomplishment B)defeat D)accompany 39. Exchanges of language and culture were a direct result of B) commerce D)commentary 40. The dog saw hi in the pool of water Reflect B)reflection
33. The gas company _____ a leak in the main line and evacuated all the tenants of the building. A)smelled B)looked C)detected D)listened 34. Plato′s teachings had a profound _____ on Aristotle. A)affect B)affection C)effort D)effect 35. After a long lunch hour,business _____ as usual. A)assumes B)resumes C)delays D)retains. 36. Peter was so _____ in his novel that he forgot about his dinner cooking in the oven. A)excited B)absorbed C)excelled D)obliged 37. Lyndon Johnson _____ John Kennedy as president of the United States. A)succeeded in B)succeeded C)assisted D)followed by 38. When he was director of the company his first _____ was to bring about better working conditions. A)accomplishment B)defeat C)accumulation D)accompany 39. Exchanges of language and culture were a direct result of _____ . A)commence B)commerce C)comment D)commentary 40. The dog saw his _____ in the pool of water. A)reflect B)reflection
C)bone D)imagination Part ii Cloze Test Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D)Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER ShEeT by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points) uccess and vocabulary go hand in hand. This has been proved so often that it no longer admits (41)argument. I have(42) vocabulary testing for innumerable business concerns(商行企业)、 Almost without exception the results were a remarkble indication of the salaries(43).Even the vocabularies and the pay of the secretaries of executives usually followed the same ascending scale as(44) of the positions of the bosses whom they served. In one outfit (AF) that I remember well,the two lowest paid girls were poorest in (45) Why shouldn t this be so? ar knowledge of words is all(46)makes it possible for us to understand our associates our friends. And it is only by words that we can (47) ideas to others, or command them to do our wishes. More important than this, we think(48)words. We can't think without them Said the great American educator, Dr. John Dewey:"(49)is impossible without words Said Thomas Sheridan, British actor of 200 years ago: There is such an intimate connection between ideas and words that whatever deficiency or fault there may be in the one necessarily B)about D) 42.A)done B)made D 43. A)received B)accepted C)adopted D)adapted 44.Aone B)this C)that D) 45. A)money B)experience C)word D)vocabulary 46.A)tha impart B)past Ive D)impress 48. A)with 49.A)Thinking B)Thought C)Working D)Work 50. A)affects B)effects C)affection D)defects Part III Reading Comprehensio Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D)Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ansWer Sheet by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets (30 points Passage 1 Finnish born botanist(植物学家) William Nylander taught at the University of Helsinki for a number of years and later moved to Paris, where he lived until his death at the end of the nineteenth century. During the sccond half of the last century, he became a prominent figure in the field of lichenology(地衣学) Botanists from all over the world sent samples to his laboratory to be analyzed and classified. It can be said without exaggeration that four out of five lichens(tx) bear his name
C)bone D)imagination Part II Cloze Test Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D) Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(10 points) Success and vocabulary go hand in hand. This has been proved so often that it no longer admits (41) argument. I have (42) vocabulary testing for innumerable business concerns (商行企业)、Almost without exception the results were a remarkble indication of the salaries (43). Even the vocabularies and the pay of the secretaries of executives usually followed the same ascending scale as (44) of the positions of the bosses whom they served. In one outfit (公司) that I remember well, the two lowest paid girls were poorest in (45). Why shouldn′t this be so? Our knowledge of words is all (46) makes it possible for us to understand our associates or our friends. And it is only by words that we can (47) ideas to others, or command them to do our wishes. More important than this, we think (48) words. We can′t think without them! Said the great American educator, Dr. John Dewey:“(49) is impossible without words.” Said Thomas Sheridan, British actor of 200 years ago: “There is such an intimate connection between ideas and words that whatever deficiency or fault there may be in the one necessarily (50) the other.” 41.A)of B)about C)on D)to 42.A)done B)made C)gone D)had 43.A)received B)accepted C)adopted D)adapted 44.A)one B)this C)that D)scale 45.A)money B)experience C)word D)vocabulary 46.A)that B)which C)what D)it 47.A)impart B)past C)give D)impress 48.A)with B)in C)on D)through 49.A)Thinking B)Thought C)Working D)Work 50.A)affects B)effects C)affection D)defects Part III Reading Comprehension Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D) Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets (30 points) Passage 1 Finnish born botanist(植物学家)William Nylander taught at the University of Helsinki for a number of years and later moved to Paris,where he lived until his death at the end of the nineteenth century.During the sccond half of the last century,he became a prominent figure in the field of lichenology(地衣学)。 Botanists from all over the world sent samples to his laboratory to be analyzed and classified. It can be said without exaggeration that four out of five lichens(地衣) bear his name
He was the first to realize the importance of using chemical reagents in the taxonomy of lichens. He selected the most common reagents used by the chemists of his time. Lichenologists all over the world still use these reagents, including tincture of iodine and hypochlorite, in their aboratories. During the first half of the twentieth century, a Japanese named Arahina added only one chemical product--P Phenol diamines. Ny lander was also responsible for discovering that the atmosphere of big cities hindered the lichens development and caused them to disappear Now they are used to detect at mospheric Nevertheless, he considered lichens to be simple plants and vehemently(5:2#t)opposed the widely accepted modern theories that lichens are a compound species formed by two discordant elements: algae and fung 51. Internationally renowned scientists sent lichen samples to Ny lander because A)he considered them to be simple plants. B)he used reagents to determine their use C)he analyzed and classified ther D)he collected and preserved them. 52. Which of the following is not true? A)Nylander accepted his colleagues' theories on the composition of lichens. B)Eighty percent of lichens bear Nylander's name C)Today lichens are used to detect atmospheric pollution D)Most botanists consider lichens to be a compound species 53. All of the following are true about Ny lander except A)he was the first to use chemical reagents in the taxonomy of lichens B)he believed that lichens were simple plant D)he taught botany at the University of Paris 54. According to accepted nineteenth century theories, which two elements form the composition of lichens? A)iodine and chemical reagents C)hypochlorite and iodine D)chemical reagents and atmospheric chemicals 55. How could William Ny lander best be described? C)ingenious D)anxious Advances in technology have helped more of the world's population live better and longer
He was the first to realize the importance of using chemical reagents in the taxonomy of lichens.He selected the most common reagents used by the chemists of his time.Lichenologists all over the world still use these reagents,including tincture of iodine and hypochlorite,in their laboratories.During the first half of the twentieth century,a Japanese named Arahina added only one chemical product—P Phenol diamines. Nylander was also responsible for discovering that the atmosphere of big cities hindered the lichen′s development and caused them to disappear.Now they are used to detect atmospheric pollution. Nevertheless,he considered lichens to be simple plants and vehemently(强烈地) opposed the widely accepted modern theories that lichens are a compound species formed by two discordant elements: algae and fungi. 51. Internationally renowned scientists sent lichen samples to Nylander because A)he considered them to be simple plants. B)he used reagents to determine their use. C)he analyzed and classified them. D)he collected and preserved them. 52. Which of the following is not true? A)Nylander accepted his colleagues′ theories on the composition of lichens. B)Eighty percent of lichens bear Nylander′s name. C)Today lichens are used to detect atmospheric pollution. D)Most botanists consider lichens to be a compound species. 53. All of the following are true about Nylander except A)he was the first to use chemical reagents in the taxonomy of lichens. B)he believed that lichens were simple plants. C)he was an esteemed lichenologist. D)he taught botany at the University of Paris. 54. According to accepted nineteenth century theories,which two elements form the composition of lichens? A)iodine and chemical reagents B)algae and fungi C)hypochlorite and iodine D)chemical reagents and atmospheric chemicals 55. How could William Nylander best be described? A)degenerate C)ingenious B)domineering D)anxious Passage 2 Advances in technology have helped more of the world′s population live better and longer
and thats blem! Better health standards have kept larger numbers of people alive. The world s population is now almost four billion and expected to double in twenty five years Growing population and slowly rising living standards have increased our need for food at the rate of 30 million tons per year. As a result, the world s stockpile of food is declining by about 10 million tons per year. From the early 1950s until 1972, world food production increased greatly. The Green Revolution extended scientific techniques to agriculture in the form of hybrid seed and poultry, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and complex irrigation systems. Strains of corn, sorghum, soybeans, wheat, and rice were developed to flourish under particular climate and soil conditions In the United States, corn production rose to llo bushels per acre from only 26 bushels per acre in the early 1900s Milk production rose to 10, 000 pounds per cow per year, compared with 600 in India. Chickens were bred to eat less, grow to maturity in shorter time, and produce more eggs. As a result of such scientific advances, our twelve Midwestern states alone now feed one fourth of the worlds people Crop disasters in 1972 brought an apparent end to the growth in production. Much of the extra yields had come from the use of chemical fertilizers, primarily petroleum based and now in short supply. The drop in world supplies of petroleum based fertilizers is expected to cause a drop in crop yields of ten tons for each one ton decline in fertilizers applied This presents a particular problem for underdeve loped nations that often lack the foreign exchange necessary for buying fertilizer. The problem is so severe that Philip Handler, president of the National Academy of Sciences, has predicted one million child deaths per month in these nations by the year 2025. 56. Given the present growth rate of the world s population and our ability to produce food A)the United States will be able to feed half the world by 2025 B)the future will see no more hunger. C)the developed nations will change their eating habits. D)we will encounter very serious problems in the near future. Green Revolution refers to A)the political situation in Greenland B)the increased use of scientific methods in agriculture C)the upheavals in the underdeveloped nations. th d 1972 8. Each year, the worlds food reserves reduce by A)10 million tons B)20 million tons. C)30 million tons. D)40 million tons 59. It is expected that crop yields will drop, especially in underdeveloped countries, mainly se o A)disastrous weather
－and that′s part of our problem! Better health standards have kept larger numbers of people alive.The world′s population is now almost four billion and expected to double in twenty five years.Growing population and slowly rising living standards have increased our need for food at the rate of 30 million tons per year.As a result,the world′s stockpile of food is declining by about 10 million tons per year. From the early 1950s until 1972,world food production increased greatly.The Green Revolution extended scientific techniques to agriculture in the form of hybrid seed and poultry,chemical fertilizers and pesticides,and complex irrigation systems.Strains of corn,sorghum,soybeans,wheat,and rice were developed to flourish under particular climate and soil conditions. In the United States,corn production rose to 110 bushels per acre from only 26 bushels per acre in the early 1900s.Milk production rose to 10,000 pounds per cow per year,compared with 600 in India. Chickens were bred to eat less,grow to maturity in shorter time,and produce more eggs.As a result of such scientific advances,our twelve Midwestern states alone now feed one fourth of the world′s people. Crop disasters in 1972 brought an apparent end to the growth in production. Much of the extra yields had come from the use of chemical fertilizers,primarily petroleum based and now in short supply.The drop in world supplies of petroleum based fertilizers is expected to cause a drop in crop yields of ten tons for each one ton decline in fertilizers applied. This presents a particular problem for underdeveloped nations that often lack the foreign exchange necessary for buying fertilizer.The problem is so severe that Philip Handler,president of the National Academy of Sciences,has predicted one million child deaths per month in these nations by the year 2025. 56. Given the present growth rate of the world′s population and our ability to produce food, A)the United States will be able to feed half the world by 2025. B)the future will see no more hunger. C)the developed nations will change their eating habits. D)we will encounter very serious problems in the near future. 57. The term“Green Revolution”refers to A)the political situation in Greenland B)the increased use of scientific methods in agriculture. C)the upheavals in the underdeveloped nations. D)the crop shortages experienced in 1972. 58. Each year,the world′s food reserves reduce by A)10 million tons. B)20 million tons. C)30 million tons. D)40 million tons. 59. It is expected that crop yields will drop,especially in underdeveloped countries,mainly because of A)disastrous weather
C)finance shortages. D)revolutions 60. Which of the following is true? A)Green Revolution did not end until 1972 B)The shortage of chemical fertilizers was caused by the short supply of petroleum. C)Every ton of petroleum based fertilizers can help increase ten tons of crop yields D) By the year of 2025, one million children will die of hunger each month in the world. In science the meaning of the word"explain" suffers with civilization s every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravi tation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists re ject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces really" are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, "is not a thing, like St. Paul s Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell. Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at ar understanding of reality by reasoning from self evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that s where they belong, and smoke goes up because that s where it belongs. the goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Calileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of tific 61. The aim of controlled scientific experiments i A)to explain why things happen B)to explain how things happen C)to describe self evident principles D)to support Aristotelian science 62. What principles most influenced scientitic thought for two thousand years? A)the speculations of Thales. C)Aristotles natural science D)Galileo's discoveries 63. Bertrand Russells notion about electricity is A)disapproved of by most modern scientists. B)in agreement with Aristotle's theory of self evident principles
B)weak strains. C)finance shortages. D)revolutions. 60. Which of the following is true? A)Green Revolution did not end until 1972. B)The shortage of chemical fertilizers was caused by the short supply of petroleum. C)Every ton of petroleum based fertilizers can help increase ten tons of crop yields. D)By the year of 2025,one million children will die of hunger each month in the world. Passage 3 In science the meaning of the word“explain”suffers with civilization′s every step in search of reality.Science cannot really explain electricity,magnetism,and gravitation;their effects can be measured and predicted,but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber.Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces “really”are.Electricity,Bertrand Russell says,“is not a thing,like St .Paul′s Cathedral;it is a way in which things behave.When we have told how things behave when they are electrified,and under what circumstances they are electrified,we have told all there is to tell.”Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea.Aristotle,for example,whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years,believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self evident principles.He felt,for example,that it is a self evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that′s where they belong，and smoke goes up because that′s where it belongs.The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen.Modern science was born when Calileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation. 61. The aim of controlled scientific experiments is _____ A)to explain why things happen. B)to explain how things happen. C)to describe self evident principles. D)to support Aristotelian science. 62. What principles most influenced scientitic thought for two thousand years? A)the speculations of Thales. B)the forces of electricity,magnetism,and gravity. C)Aristotle′s natural science. D)Galileo′s discoveries 63. Bertrand Russell′s notion about electricity is _____ . A)disapproved of by most modern scientists. B)in agreement with Aristotle′s theory of self evident principles
C)in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward "how"things happen D)in agreement with sientific investigation directed toward "why"things happen 4. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea A)that there are mysterious forces in the universe. B)that man cannot discover what forces "really"are C)that there are self evident principles. D)that we can discover why things behave as they do. 65. In sentense 2, "speculated on"(line 4)means A)suspected B)expected C)engaged in buying and selling Passage 4 Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (iLE) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our enivronments tolerable and some ultraviolet rays penetrate the atmosphere. Cosmic(FeB) rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. Doses of radiation are measured n units called’rems.(雷姆,辐射单位) We all receive radiation here on earth from the sur, from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals. The normal dose of radiation that we receive each year is about 100 millirems (0. 1 rem): it varies according to where you live, and this is a very rough estimate. Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than this without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage-a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of(deformed)children or even grandchildren. Early space probes showed that radiation varies in different parts of space around the earth. It s in time because when great spurts of gas shoot out of the sun(solar flares), they are accompanied by a lot of extra radiation. Some esimates of the amount of radiation in space based on various measurements and calculations, are as low as 10 rems per year, others are as high as 5 rems per hour! Missions to the moon (the apollo flights) have had to cross the Van Allen elts of high radiation and during the outward and return journeys, the apollo 8 crew accumulated a total dose of about 200 millirems per man. It was hoped that there would not by any large solar flares during the times of the Apollo moon walks because the walls of the LEMs(lunar excursion modules)(I ne)were not thick enough to protect the men inside, though the command modules did ive reasonable protection. So far, no dangerous doses of radiation have been reported, but the emini orbits and the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men
C)in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward“how”things happen. D)in agreement with sientific investigation directed toward “why” things happen. 64. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea _____ . A)that there are mysterious forces in the universe. B)that man cannot discover what forces“really” are. C)that there are self evident principles. D)that we can discover why things behave as they do. 65. In sentense 2,“speculated on”(line 4)means A)suspected B)expected C)engaged in buying and selling D)considered Passage 4 Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars.The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth.Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too,makes our enivronments tolerable and some ultraviolet rays penetrate the atmosphere. Cosmic(宇宙的) rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space.Doses of radiation are measured in units called′rems′.(雷姆，辐射单位) We all receive radiation here on Earth from the sun, from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals. The′normal′ dose of radiation that we receive each year is about 100 millirems (0.1 rem); it varies according to where you live, and this is a very rough estimate. Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than this without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage-a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of (deformed) children or even grandchildren. Early space probes showed that radiation varies in different parts of space around the Earth.It also varies in time because, when great spurts of gas shoot out of the sun(solar flares),they are accompanied by a lot of extra radiation. Some esimates of the amount of radiation in space, based on various measurements and calculations, are as low as 10 rems per year, others are as high as 5 rems per hour! Missions to the moon (the Apollo flights) have had to cross the Van Allen belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo 8 crew accumulated a total dose of about 200 millirems per man. It was hoped that there would not by any large solar flares during the times of the Apollo moon walks because the walls of the LEMs(lunar excursion modules)(登月舱) were not thick enough to protect the men inside, though the command modules did give reasonable protection. So far, no dangerous doses of radiation have been reported, but the Gemini orbits and the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men