《全国硕士研究生考研英语测试题库》模拟试题[03].doc_大学文库

B)duty C)fines D)allowance 39. When he applied for a in the offices of the state university he was told to see the president A)work B) C)situation D)duty 40. We ve been sitting here doing nothing about it for days. It s time A)got to grips with B)shook hands with C)got to brass tacks with D)reached the bottom of Part Cloze Test Directions For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D)Choose the best one and mark your answer on the anSWer sheet by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets (10 points) very week a van pulls out of an ordinary looking workshop in a rur tting ham back street carrying a varied load slides for playgroups, hand made desks and leisure materials for handicapped children But though the commercial cost of having these made individually would(41)the customers to(42), the Beaver workshops main aim is much more than simply (43) their needs at cost. The volunteers who spend a 60 day stint (R ia)doing woodwork and joinery are, first and foremost, there to learn (44)a job. This unique workshop takes men who have been (45)an average rears and for a variety of reasons. Most have struggled to get a job any job in an area (46)have in common, according to Beaver manager John Lowe, a former civil engineer, is a lack of identity the legacy of long term unemployment.(47) jobs they have done in the past, it's as though they had never been employed. They lose confidence(48). It's easy for the rest of us to say someone should be able to go on and on looking for work but when you have been turned down time after time it reinforces your hopeless view of yourself. Most of them who agree (49) in the project have been recommended by probation officers or hostel managers and virtually all of them stick it out. The first assessment of their success rate afterwards suggests that at least 60% have got a job within months of leaving,(50) the fact that those with a prison record feel obliged to tell their prospective employers 41.A)void B)prevent C)make possible D)make it impossible for 42.A)afford them at all B)afford all them C)pay them at all d)pay all them 43. A)the supplying B)to supply them C)to supply to them d)to supply

B)duty C)fines D)allowance 39. When he applied for a _____ in the offices of the state university he was told to see the president. A)work B)career C)situation D)duty 40. We`ve been sitting here doing nothing about it for days.It′s time we _____ the problem. A)got to grips with B)shook hands with C)got to brass tacks with D)reached the bottom of Part Ⅱ Cloze Test Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D)Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(10 points) Every week a van pulls out of an ordinary looking workshop in a run down Notting ham back street carrying a varied load slides for playgroups,hand made desks and leisure materials for handicapped children. But though the commercial cost of having these made individually would (41) the customers to (42) ,the Beaver workshop′s main aim is much more than simply (43) their needs at cost.The volunteers who spend a 60 day stint (限制)doing woodwork and joinery are,first and foremost,there to learn (44) a job. This unique workshop takes men who have been (45) an average of two years and for a variety of reasons.Most have struggled to get a job any job in an area of declining industry. (46) have in common,according to Beaver manager John Lowe,a former civil engineer,is a lack of identity_the legacy of long term unemployment. (47) jobs they have done in the past,it′s as though they had never been employed.They lose confidence (48) .It′s easy for the rest of us to say someone should be able to go on and on looking for work but when you have been turned down time after time it reinforces your hopeless view of yourself. Most of them who agree (49) in the project have been recommended by probation officers or hostel managers and virtually all of them stick it out.The first assessment of their success rate afterwards suggests that at least 60% have got a job within months of leaving, (50) the fact that those with a prison record feel obliged to tell their prospective employers. 41.A)void B)prevent C)make possible D)make it impossible for 42.A)afford them at all B)afford all them C)pay them at all D)pay all them 43.A)the supplying B)to supply them C)to supply to them D)to supply

44.A)applying to B)applying for C)how to apply D)how to apply for 45.A)out of work for B)out of work since C)outside work for D)at 46. A)Which they all B)Which all the C)What they all D)What all they 47. A)No matter how B)No matter what C)No matter which D)Ne matter when 48. A)for themselves B)by themselves C)in themselve D)on themselves 49.A)to take part B)to take place C)to take heart take confidence 50. A)in spite B)despite C)although D)however Part III Reading Comprehension Each of the passages below is followed by some questions For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D)Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ansWer sheet by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (40 points Passage 1 The liturgical(礼拜仪式的) chants of the russian and other slavic Orthodox(正统 H)Churches demonstrate a unique blend of traditions and are quite different from those of many ther branches of Eastern Orthodoxy. Although the earliest Sources of Slavic chants were the Byzantine chants brought by missionaries nearly a thousand years ago, the byzantine originals gradually underwent further development in the Slavic lands. What emerged was a combination of East and West the original Byzantine models redefined in Slavic terms, tempered by the slavic choral tradition, and much influenced by Western European ideas of rhythm and harmony. It is the combination that makes Slav chants so different from those of Greeks, Syrians, and others from areas closer to the byzantin The chants of the slav churches, like those of other Orthodox traditions, are based on sets of eight tones" melodic patterns of which there are many different types and many different variations. Unlike many other chant fe er, those of Slavic Orthodoxy are harmonize In addition to chants, the slav Churches also permit use of freely composed music: the Western influence is even more strongly seen in this area. Many of the religious works of such Slavic composers as Tchaikovsky, Arkhangelsky, Lvov, Bortniansky, Tcheshnokov, Rachmaninov, and even Stravinsky were originally written for use in Russian and other Slavic Orthodox Churches 51. The point the author of this passage is trying to make is that A)Slavic church music is performed without accompaniment B)Slavic church music is European in origin, not byzantine D)Slavic church music has been influenced by both the east and the West

44.A)applying to B)applying for C)how to apply D)how to apply for 45.A)out of work for B)out of work since C)outside work for D)at work since 46.A)Which they all B)Which all they C)What they all D)What all they 47.A)No matter how B)No matter what C)No matter which D)No matter when 48.A)for themselves B)by themselves C)in themselves D)on themselves 49.A)to take part B)to take place C)to take heart D)to take confidence 50.A)in spite B)despite C)although D)however Part III Reading Comprehension Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D)Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(40 points) Passage 1 The liturgical (礼拜仪式的)chants of the Russian and other Slavic Orthodox(正统的)Churches demonstrate a unique blend of traditions and are quite different from those of many other branches of Eastern Orthodoxy.Although the earliest Sources of Slavic chants were the Byzantine chants brought by missionaries nearly a thousand years ago,the Byzantine originals gradually underwent further development in the Slavic lands.What emerged was a combination of East and West the original Byzantine models redefined in Slavic terms,tempered by the Slavic choral tradition,and much influenced by Western European ideas of rhythm and harmony.It is the combination that makes Slav chants so different from those of Greeks,Syrians,and others from areas closer to the Byzantine homeland. The chants of the Slav Churches,like those of other Orthodox traditions,are based on sets of eight “tones” melodic patterns of which there are many different types and many different variations.Unlike many other chant forms,however,those of Slavic Orthodoxy are harmonized. In addition to chants,the Slav Churches also permit use of freely composed music;the Western influence is even more strongly seen in this area.Many of the religious works of such Slavic composers as Tchaikovsky,Arkhangelsky,Lvov,Bortniansky,Tcheshnokov,Rachmaninov,and even Stravinsky were originally written for use in Russian and other Slavic Orthodox Churches. 51. The point the author of this passage is trying to make is that _____ . A)Slavic church music is performed without accompaniment B)Slavic church music is European in origin,not Byzantine C)Slavic church music is largely unaffected by European influence D)Slavic church music has been influenced by both the East and the West

52. In the opinion of the author, the liturgical chants of the slavic Orthodox Church are A)Byzantine chants which have been harmonized B)based on freely composed music written by Tchaikowsky Arknangelsky, and others C)basically byzantine chants which were greatly influenced by contact with Western European music nearly 1000 years ago D)a type of Byzantine chant which has been changed through the influence of Slavic and Western European musical traditions 3. Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage you have just read? A)"Charting the Changes in Byzantine Church Chant C)"Aspects of Free Composition in the Slavic Tones D)"The Liturgical Chants of the Russian Orthodox 54. Which of the following generalizations could be made, based on the information found in A)Slavic liturgical chants are a result of the variety of factors which influenced Byzantine Church music in the Slavic lands B)The development of Byzantine chant in the Slavic lands has been recent, sudden, and C)The works of such composers as Tchailkovsky, Arknange lsky, Lvov, Bortiansky, Tcheshnorov, Rachmaninov, and Stravinsky have been greatly influenced by Byzantine chant. D)Al though slavic shant has developed over a preiod of nearly 1000 years, it is not much different now than it was in its earliest forms 55. To what does those (line 11)refer? A)rhythm and harmony B)Slavic liturgical chants C)Western European ideas D)Greek. Syrian and other chant forms 2 Art is consi dered by many people to be litte more than a decorative means of giving pleasure. This is not always the case, however at times, art may be seen to have a purely functional side as well. Such could be said of the sandpaintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose. According to Navaho traditions, one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in some way disturbed or come in contact with the supernatural perhaps a certain animal, a ghost, or the dead. To counteract this evil contact, the ill person or one of his relatives will employ a medicine man called a "singer"to perform a healing ceremony which will attract powerful supernatural being. During the ceremony, which may last from 2 to 9 days, the singer"will produce a sandpainting on the floor of the Navaho hogan(泥盖木屋). On the last day of the ceremony, the patient will sit on this sandpainting and the "singer"will rub the ailing parts

52. In the opinion of the author,the liturgical chants of the Slavic Orthodox Church are _____ . A)Byzantine chants which have been harmonized B)based on freely composed music written by Tchaikowsky.Arknangelsky,and others C)basically Byzantine chants which were greatly influenced by contact with Western European music nearly 1000 years ago D)a type of Byzantine chant which has been changed through the influence of Slavic and Western European musical traditions 53. Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage you have just read? A)“Charting the Changes in Byzantine Church Chant” B)“Slavic Church Music:A Marriage of East and West” C)“Aspects of Free Composition in the Slavic Tones” D)“The Liturgical Chants of the Russian Orthodox” 54. Which of the following generalizations could be made,based on the information found in the passage? A)Slavic liturgical chants are a result of the variety of factors which influenced Byzantine Church music in the Slavic lands. B)The development of Byzantine chant in the Slavic lands has been recent,sudden,and dramatic C)The works of such composers as Tchailkovsky,Arknangelsky,Lvov,Bortiansky,Tcheshnorov,Rachmaninov,and Stravinsky have been greatly influenced by Byzantine chant. D)Although slavic shant has developed over a preiod of nearly 1000 years,it is not much different now than it was in its earliest forms. 55. To what does those (line 11)refer? A)rhythm and harmony B)Slavic liturgical chants C)Western European ideas D)Greek.Syrian.and other chant forms Passage 2 Art is considered by many people to be litte more than a decorative means of giving pleasure. This is not always the case,however;at times,art may be seen to have a purely functional side as well.Such could be said of the sandpaintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest;these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose. According to Navaho traditions,one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in some way disturbed or come in contact with the supernatural perhaps a certain animal,a ghost,or the dead.To counteract this evil contact,the ill person or one of his relatives will employ a medicine man called a “singer”to perform a healing ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being.During the ceremony,which may last from 2 to 9 days,the “singer”will produce a sandpainting on the floor of the Navaho hogan(泥盖木屋).On the last day of the ceremony,the patient will sit on this sandpainting and the “singer”will rub the ailing parts

of the patient′s body with sand from a specific figure in the sandpainting.In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes strong like it.After the ceremony,the sandpainting is then destoyed and disposed of so its power will not harm anyone. The art of sandpainting is handed down from old “singers”to their students.The materials used are easily found in the areas the Navaho inhabit;brown,red,yellow,and white sandstone,which is pulverized by being crushed between 2 stones much as corn is ground into flour.The “singer”holds a small amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his thumb and forefinger onto a clean，flat surface on the floor.With a steady hand and great patience，he is thus able to create designs of stylized people,snakes and other creatures that have power in the Navaho belief system.The traditional Navaho does not allow reproduction of sandpaintings,since he believes the supernatural powers that taught him the craft have forbidden this;however,such reproductions can in fact be purchased today in tourist shops in Arizona and New Mexico.These are done by either Navaho Indians or by other people who wish to preserve this craft. 56. The purpose of a healing ceremony is _____ . A)to please supernatural powers B)to attact supernatural powers C)to frighten supernatural powers D)to create a sandpainting 57. The “singer”rubs sand on the patient because _____ . A)the patient receives strength from the sand B)it has medical value C)it decorates the patient D)none of the above 58. What is used to produce a sandpainting? A)paint B)beach sand C)crushed sandstone D)flour 59. “This”in line 2 refers to _____ . A)art B)giving pleasure C)the feeling that art is more than a decorative means of giving pleasure D)the feeling that art is only a decorative means of giving pleasure 60. The writer probably feels that most art today _____ . A)is purely decorative B)is purely functional C)is both decorative and functional D)is useless Passage 3

It is interesting to reflect for a moment upon the differences in the areas of moral feeling and standards in the peoples of Japan and the United States. Americans divide these areas somewhat rigidly into spirit and flesh, the two being in opposition in the life of a human being. Ideally spirit should prevail but all too often it is the flesh that does prevail. the Japanese make no such division, at least between one as good and the other as evil. They believe that a person has two souls, each necessary. One is the "gentle"soul, the other is the "rough "soul. Sometimes the person uses entle soul, sometimes he must use his rough soul. He does ont favor his gentle soul. neither he fight his rough soul. Human nature in itself is good, Japanese philosophers insist, and a human being does not need to fight any part of himself. He has only to learn how to use each soul properly at the appropriate times. Virtue for the japanese consists in fulfilling one s obligations to others. Happy endings, either in life or in fiction, are neither necessary or expected, since the fulfillment of duty provides the satisfying end, whatever the tragedy it inflicts And duty includes a persons obligations to those who have conferred benefits upon him and to himself as an individual of honor. He develops through this double sense of duty a self discipline which is at once permissive and rigid, depending upon the area in which it i The process of acquiring this self discipline begins in chindhood. Indeed, one may say a word the attitude of the Japanese toward their childrdn I would put, f I were to define in it begins at birth--early is the Japanese child given his own identity! If I were to define in it in one succinct(简明 aJ)word "respect. "Love? Yes, abundance of love, warmly expressed from the moment he is put to his mother s breast For mother and child this nursing of her child is important psychologically. RewardsLare ]frequent, a bit of candy bestowed (as)at the right moment, an inexpensive toy... As the time [comes].to enter school, however, discipline be [comes] firmer. To bring shame to he family is the greatest shame for the child What is the secret of the japanese teaching of self discipline? It lies, i think, in the fact that the aim of all teaching is the establishment of habit. Rules are repeated over and over, and continually practiced until obedience becomes instinctive. This repetition is enhanced by the expectation of the elders. They expect a child to obey and to learn through obedience. The demand is gentle at first and tempered to the childs tender age It is no less gentle as time goes on, but certainly it is increasingly inexorable. Now, far away from that warm Japanese home, I reflect upon what I learned there. What, I wonder, will take the place of the web of love and discipline which for so many centuries has surrounded the life and thinking of the people of Japan? 61. According to japanese belief a child is born A)in sin B)amoral, neither good nor evil C)with two souls which are in combat with one another D)basically good 62. Training of the Japanese child can best be described as A)a system of rewards and punishments B)frequent disciplining which becomes inexorably more severe as the child grows older C)benevolent and indulgent during the early years, but somewhat more sevre as the child

It is interesting to reflect for a moment upon the differences in the areas of moral feeling and standards in the peoples of Japan and the United States.Americans divide these areas somewhat rigidly into spirit and flesh,the two being in opposition in the life of a human being.Ideally spirit should prevail but all too often it is the flesh that does prevail.The Japanese make no such division,at least between one as good and the other as evil.They believe that a person has two souls,each necessary.One is the “gentle”soul,the other is the “rough”soul.Sometimes the person uses his gentle soul,sometimes he must use his rough soul.He does ont favor his gentle soul,neither does he fight his rough soul.Human nature in itself is good,Japanese philosophers insist,and a human being does not need to fight any part of himself.He has only to learn how to use each soul properly at the appropriate times.Virtue for the Japanese consists in fulfilling one′s obligations to others.Happy endings,either in life or in fiction,are neither necessary nor expected,since the fulfillment of duty provides the satisfying end,whatever the tragedy it inflicts.And duty includes a person′s obligations to those who have conferred benefits upon him and to himself as an individual of honor.He develops through this double sense of duty a self discipline which is at once permissive and rigid,depending upon the area in which it is functioning. The process of acquiring this self discipline begins in chindhood.Indeed,one may say it begins at birth…early is the Japanese child given his own identity!If I were to define in a word the attitude of the Japanese toward their childrdn I would put it in one succinct(简明的) word_“respect.”Love? Yes,abundance of love,warmly expressed from the moment he is put to his mother′s breast.For mother and child this nursing of her child is important psychologically. Rewards［are ］frequent,a bit of candy bestowed(给与) at the right moment,an inexpensive toy… As the time［comes］…to enter school,however,discipline be ［comes］firmer…To bring shame to the family is the greatest shame for the child…. What is the secret of the Japanese teaching of self discipline? It lies,I think,in the fact that the aim of all teaching is the establishment of habit.Rules are repeated over and over,and continually practiced until obedience becomes instinctive.This repetition is enhanced by the expectation of the elders.They expect a child to obey and to learn through obedience.The demand is gentle at first and tempered to the child′s tender age.It is no less gentle as time goes on,but certainly it is increasingly inexorable. Now ,far away from that warm Japanese home,I reflect upon what I learned there.What,I wonder,will take the place of the web of love and discipline which for so many centuries has surrounded the life and thinking of the people of Japan?… 61. According to Japanese belief a child is born _____ . A)in sin B)amoral,neither good nor evil C)with two souls which are in combat with one another D)basically good 62. Training of the Japanese child can best be described as _____ . A)a system of rewards and punishments B)frequent disciplining which becomes inexorably more severe as the child grows older C)benevolent and indulgent during the early years,but somewhat more sevre as the child