《全国硕士研究生考研英语测试题库》模拟试题[12].doc_大学文库

44. A eliminated B disposed C reinforeced D extinguished 45. A. if B when C which D where 46. A. mystery B C diagnose D destination 7. A reasoning B rationalization C psychology D behavior 48. A assist C encourage D refute 49. A grant B provid C confront D deliver 50. A. in effect B in progress C in technology D in command Part III Reading Comprehension Directions Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on aNSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil(40 points Passage 1 Disagreement marks historical appraisals of America s emergence as a great power at the turn of the twentieth centurey. On the one hand, historians have praised the maturing of the Republic, which was now able to take its plance among the arbiters of the world s destinies. One the other hand, many writers have tried to define America s new fole indistinctive terms. They argue that the United stateds did not enter the great power game st another player but introduced a new style of diplomatic play and perhaps even a new set of rul Judgments clash about these innovations. An older school of thought stresses the idealism that a merica brought to the world arena. More recently, "New left" revisionists have charged that America s contribution o international life was the self serving notion of "informa empire, typified by a worldwide Open Door doctrine. This strategy avoided formal territioria possession but sought economic dominance of foreign raw materials, markets, and investments Historians disagree futher about the motivating impulses of American diplomacy. Recent revisionists" have tended almost exclusively to emphasize domestic economic factors explaining American foreign policy. the United States sought foreign markets, the argument goes, to solve the problems of domestic overproduction and constant business depressions. Other scholars respond that international politics can only be properly understood ii Th that theodor in an international context he realistically perceived that if the United States did not hold its own against the other powers, it would soon risk being eclipsed on the world stage, and even being pushed around in its own emi sphere, despite the Monroe Doctrine. 51. By say ing that the u. s. was now able to take its place among the arbitors of the world s destinies"(the second sentence in paragraph 1), the author means that the U. S. A. established itself as one of the big powers B. was now directing the world on a new course C. became mature D. brought new rules to the world s diplomatic play

44．A.eliminated B.disposed C.reinforeced D.extinguished 45．A.if B.when C.which D.where 46．A.mystery B.avenue C.diagnose D.destination 47．A.reasoning B.rationalization C.psychology D.behavior 48．A.assist B.resemble C.encourage D.refute 49．A.grant B.provide C.confront D.deliver 50．A.in effect B.in progress C.in technology D.in command Part III Reading Comprehension Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points) Passage 1 Disagreement marks historical appraisals of America's emergence as a great power at the turn of the twentieth centurey. On the one hand, historians have praised the maturing of the Republic, which was now able to take its plance among the arbitesrs of the world's destinies. One the other hand, many writers have tried to define America's new fole indistinctive terms. They argue that the United Stateds did not enter the great power game as just another player but introduced a new style of diplomatic play and perhaps even a new set of rules. Judgments clash about these innovations. An older school of thought stresses the idealism that A merica brought to the world arena. More recently,“New left” revisionists have charged that America's contribution o international life was the self serving notion of“informal empire,” typified by a worldwide Open Door doctrine. This strategy avoided formal territiorial possession but sought economic dominance of foreign raw materials, markets, and investments. Historians disagree futher about the motivating impulses of American diplomacy. Recent “revisionists” have tended almost exclusively to emphasize domestic economic factors in explaining American foreign policy. the United States sought foreign markets, the argument goes, to solve the problems of domestic overproduction and constant business depressions. Other scholars respond that international politics can only be properly understood in an international context. They argue that Theodore roosevelt, for example, acted not for narrow domestic reasons but because he realistically perceived that if the United States did not hold its own against the other powers, it would soon risk being eclipsed on the world stage, and even being pushed around in its own hemisphere, despite the Monroe Doctrine. 51. By saying that the U.S.“was now able to take its place among the arbitors of the world's destinies”(the second sentence in paragraph 1), the author means that the U.S. _____ . A．established itself as one of the big powers B．was now directing the world on a new course C．became mature as a nation D．brought new rules to the world's diplomatic play

52. By calling it an"informal empire"(the second sentence in paragraph 2),these eant that the U. s A. had not become a real power yet B. had not occupied enough territory abroad C. was not yet economically strong enough D, carried out a policy of economic aggression 53. The Roosevelt example is used to A. support the traditional view about the U. s B. refute the view of the recent "revisionists D, support Roosevelt s foreign policy 4. The expression "risk being eclipsed on the world stage" (the last sentence in paragraph 3)mear wered by other nations B. risk being invaded by other countries tries economicall D. risk being many colonies Researchers have known for years that mammals have a"clock"somewhere in their br ontrol center that regulates circadianrhythm. Circadian rhythems are the bodys daily biological cycles, controlling such activities as sleep and wakefulness. In November 1988 neuroscientists at the University of Virginia in charlot teville reported that the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN), a small cluster of cells in the middle of the brain that neuroscientists have long suspected of playing a role in daily rhythms, is he long sought biological clock. The investigators performed a series of tissue transplant experiments with hamsters Some of the animals were normal hamsters, which have a circadian cycle of 24 hours; the others were mutant (genetically altered)hamsters whose cyles were only 20 or 22 hours long. the scientists first removed the sCn from the brains of the hamsters in both groups. They then implanted an scn from a mutanthamster into the brain of each normal animal, and vice versa. When the hamsters had recovered from their operations, the circadian rhythms of the two groups were reversed: The normal hamsters had a daily cycle of 20 to 22 hours, and the mutants were on The identification of the internal clock is an important seeppingstone in understanding the basic, automatic mechanisms of brain funciton. It may also help in finding ways to relive human sleep disorders 55. Before the year 1988, neuroscientists A. knew little about the location of the biological clock B. had been searching for the clock for a long time C. never thought of looking for the clock in the brain D. thought that the clock was located in body tissues

52. By calling it an“informal empire”(the second sentence in paragraph 2), these revisionists meant that the U.S. _____ . A．had not become a real power yet B．had not occupied enough territory abroad C．was not yet economically strong enough D．carried out a policy of economic aggression 53. The Roosevelt example is used to _____ . A．support the traditional view about the U.S B．refute the view of the recent“revisionists” C．refute the Monroe Doctrine D．support Roosevelt's foreign policy 54. The expression“risk being eclipsed on the world stage”(the last sentence in paragraph 3)means _____ . A．risk being overpowered by other nations B．risk being invaded by other countries C．risk being left behind other countries economically D．risk being many colonies Passage 2 Researchers have known for years that mammals have a“clock” somewhere in their brainsa control center that regulates circadianrhythms. Circadian rhythems are the body's daily biological cycles, controlling such activities as sleep and wakefulness. In November 1988, neuroscientists at the University of Virginia in charlotteville reported that the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN), a small cluster of cells in the middle of the brain that neuroscientists have long suspencted of playing a role in daily rhythms, is he long sought biological clock. The investigators performed a series of tissue transplant experiments with hamsters. Some of the animals were normal hamsters, which have a circadian cycle of 24 hours; the others were mutant(genetically altered)hamsters whose cyles were only 20 or 22 hours long. the scientists first removed the SCN from the brains of the hamsters in both groups. They then implanted an SCN from a mutanthamster into the brain of each normal animal, and vice versa. When the hamsters had recovered from their operations, the circadian rhythms of the two groups were reversed: The normal hamsters had a daily cycle of 20 to 22 hours, and the mutants were on a 24 hour cycle. The identification of the internal clock is an important seeppingstone in understanding the basic, automatic mechanisms of brain funciton. It may also help in finding ways to relive human sleep disorders. 55. Before the year 1988, neuroscientsts _____ . A．knew little about the location of the biological clock B．had been searching for the clock for a long time C．never thought of looking for the clock in the brain D．thought that the clock was located in body tissues

56. The pupose of the experiments with hamsters was to A. find out how the clock works B. locate the clock ock In hamsters D. explore the possibility of altering the clock 57. What might be one of the implications of the findings? A. To change people s biological rhythms for different jobs B. To make better use of the brain C. To help people sleep well D. To suit people to the pace of modern life. 58. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. The biological clock is different among hamsters. B. The biological clock is automatic and can t be altered C. The biological rhythms can be altered with operation. D. The scn is the central part of the nervous system. t is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society, where there is ormous demand for commercial products of all kinds Moreover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the probl of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply Many people lieve that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and that it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our ientific evolution and, whatever the anti nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil liberties. Furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately unclear power is a cheap source of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. In the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy may bring about the destruction of the human race. Thus, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against nuclear energy out lined above, nuclear energy programmes are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubt ful whether this growth will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power. 59. The writer's attitude toward nuclear energy A. negative

56. The pupose of the experiments with hamsters was to _____ . A．find out how the clock works B．locate the clock C．compare two kinds of clock in hamsters D．explore the possibility of altering the clock 57. What might be one of the implications of the findings? A．To change people's biological rhythms for different jobs. B．To make better use of the brain. C．To help people sleep well. D．To suit people to the pace of modern life. 58. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The biological clock is different among hamsters. B．The biological clock is automatic and can't be altered. C．The biological rhythms can be altered with operation. D．The SCN is the central part of the nervous system. Passage 3 It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society, where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds. Moreover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and that it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil liberties. Furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately unclear power is a cheap source of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in the cost of uraniun in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. In the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy may bring about the destruction of the human race. Thus, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programmes are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power. 59. The writer's attitude toward nuclear energy is _____ . A．negative

B. favorable C. tolerant D. indifferent 60. Some people claim that nuclear energy is essential because A. it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society B. it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolution C. it provides a perfect solution to mass unemployment D. nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff 61. Which of the following statements does the writer support? A. Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. B. The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing C. Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons D. Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programs. 62. The function of the last sentence is to A. advance the final B. reverse previously expressed thoughts C. reflect the writ D.show the disadvantages of nuclear power Passage 4 e sense o of honor appears to be dying In World War I men died more or less willingly for the nation and the nations hey were honored for it in reture. Now we have become cynical about such things: the nation fights stifiable wars: the nation robs the poor to give to the rich At my college the students used to agree to inform on their friends rather than sufferabreach in the honor code, a sense of honor is a sense that there are standards of behavior one must live up to, even at the cost of one s personal hapiness, even at the cost of one s life. Without such a sense one has to make up one s rights and wrongs as one goes long-usually, as it happens, to ones own advantage. Morality thereby becomes a mat ter of expediency: nothing seems worth dying for, and life loses its beauty and some of its value ur recent history has deprived us of models. I cherish the story of John Stubbs, a Puritan divine of Queen Elizabeth s time who strongly opposed her projected marriage to the duke of Alencon. Stubbs knew the penalty for doing so, which was the loss of a hand nevertheless, he published, and was led out for public execution of the sentence. Stubbs laid his right hand on the block the ax fell, and he rose to his feet, lifted the bloody stump high in the air, and cried out to the crowd, "Long live the queen! In spite of the blood and the horror, it is the beauty of such an act that stands out. A man lives up to his beliefs; he acts with courage and great style and literally gives of himself in the service of some thing he feels is greater than himself. We cannot help but honor him, whether we agree with his beliefs or not

B．favorable C．tolerant D．indifferent 60. Some people claim that nuclear energy is essential because _____ . A．it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society B．it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolution C．it provides a perfect solution to mass unemployment D．nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff 61. Which of the following statements does the writer support? A．Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. B．The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing. C．Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons. D．Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programs. 62. The function of the last sentence is to _____ . A．advance the final argument B．reverse previously expressed thoughts C．reflect the writer's attitude D．show the disadvantages of nuclear power Passage 4 The sense of honor appears to be dying. In World War Ⅱ men died more or less willingly for the nation and the nation's honor, and they were honored for it in reture. Now we have become cynical about such things; the nation lies, fights unjustifiable wars; the nation robs the poor to give to the rich. At my college the students used to agree to inform on their friends rather than suffer a breach in the honor code. A sense of honor is a sense that there are standards of behavior one must live up to, even at the cost of one's personal hapiness, even at the cost of one's life. Without such a sense one has to make up one's rights and wrongs as one goes long-usually, as it happens, to one's own advantage. Morality thereby becomes a matter of expediency: nothing seems worth dying for, and life loses its beauty and some of its value. Our recent history has deprived us of models. Ⅰ cherish the story of John Stubbs, a Puritan divine of Queen Elizabeth's time who strongly opposed her projected marriage to the duke of Alencon. Stubbs knew the penalty for doing so ,which was the loss of a hand; nevertheless, he published, and was led out for public execution of the sentence. Stubbs laid his right hand on the block, the ax fell, and he rose to his feet, lifted the bloody stump high in the air, and cried out to the crowd, “Long live the queen!” In spite of the blood and the horror, it is the beauty of such an act that stands out. A man lives up to his beliefs; he acts with courage and great style and literally gives of himself in the service of something he feels is greater than himself. We cannot help but honor him, whether we agree with his beliefs or not