《全国硕士研究生考研英语测试题库》考研英语模拟试题[33].doc_大学文库

C、 decompose D、 detached art ii cloze Test Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labelled A, B, c and D. Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points) The most prevalent cause of heart diseases is high blood pressure, also called hypertension. high blood pressure cannot be cured. However, it can be brought 41, so that it may not cause 42 to the heart and other body system. 43 the person who has high blood pressure often must continue treatment for the disease for the 44 of his life The usual treatment for 45 cases of high blood pressure is a change of diet to reduce the amount of sodium(?)taken into the body Because table salt is the commonest source of sodium in food, the diet usually 46 eating sal ta2free foods. For severe cases of high blood pressure a doctor usually 47 antihypertensive drugs. Although doctors do not know all the cause of high blood pressure, they 48 know that overweight people and cigarette smokers have a tendency to high blood pressure. Since emotions and worry also can cause blood pressure to rise, regular 49 and adequate sleep and rest are 50 for all persons. 1 A to attention b in order C under control d into effect 42, A discomfort B damage C. infection D modification 43, A. Moreover B Otherwise C. Nevertheless d. Therefore 44. A all B whole C rest D ma jority 45, A. mild B. moderate C serious d disastrous 46, A calls for B makes sure C objects to D succeeds in 7. A presumes B prescribes C prohibits D provokes 48 A do B will C. must d, would 49, A guidance B inspiration C relaxation D nourishment 0, A optional B desirable C relevant D predominant Part II Reading Comprehension Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil(40 points) P Joe Templer should have known better. After all, he works for a large autoazinsurance company. It won t hurt to leave the key in the truck this once, he thought, as he filled his gas tank at a selfa2service gas station. But moments later, as he was paying the money, he saw the truck being driven away. In 1987, 1.6 million motor vehicles were stolen in the United States?aone every 20 seconds. If current trends continue, experts predict annual vehicle thefts could exeed two million by the end of the decade Vehicle theft is a common phenomenon, which has a direct impact on over four million victims a year. The cost is astonishing Many police officials blame professional thieves for the high volume of the thefts. It is a ma jor moneya2maker for organized crime. Typically, stolen cars are taken to pieces and the parts sold to individuals. But as many as 200000 cars are smuggled out of the country every year. Most go to Latin America, the Middle east and europe Only about 15 percent car thefts result in an arrest, because few police departments routinely onduct inazdepth autoa2investigations. When thieves are arrested, judges will often sentence them to probation, not immediately put them in prison because the prisons are overcrowded with iolent criminals One exception is a Michigan program that assigns 92 police officers to work fulla2time on the state s 65000 car theft cases a year. Since 1986, when the effort began, the state s autoa2theft rate has fallen from second in the nation to ninth

C、decomposed D、detached art II Cloze Test Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) The most prevalent cause of heart diseases is high blood pressure, also called hypertension. High blood pressure cannot be cured. However, it can be brought 41 , so that it may not cause 42 to the heart and other body system. 43 the person who has high blood pressure often must continue treatment for the disease for the 44 of his life. The usual treatment for 45 cases of high blood pressure is a change of diet to reduce the amount of sodium(??)taken into the body. Because table salt is the commonest source of sodium in food, the diet usually 46 eating salta2free foods. For severe cases of high blood pressure a doctor usually 47 antihypertensive drugs. Although doctors do not know all the cause of high blood pressure, they 48 know that overweight people and cigarette smokers have a tendency to high blood pressure. Since emotions and worry also can cause blood pressure to rise, regular 49 and adequate sleep and rest are 50 for all persons. 41、A.to attention B.in order C.under control D.into effect 42、A.discomfort B.damage C.infection D.modification 43、A.Moreover B.Otherwise C.Nevertheless D.Therefore 44、A.all B.whole C.rest D.majority 45、A.mild B.moderate C.serious D.disastrous 46、A.calls for B.makes sure C.objects to D.succeeds in 47、A.presumes B.prescribes C.prohibits D.provokes 48、A.do B.will C.must D.would 49、A.guidance B.inspiration C.relaxation D.nourishment 50、A.optional B.desirable C.relevant D.predominant Part III Reading Comprehension Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points) Passage 1 Joe Templer should have known better. After all, he works for a large autoa2insurance company. It won't hurt to leave the key in the truck this once, he thought, as he filled his gas tank at a selfa2service gas station. But moments later, as he was paying the money, he saw the truck being driven away. In 1987, 1.6 million motor vehicles were stolen in the United States?aone every 20 seconds. If current trends continue, experts predict annual vehicle thefts could exeed two million by the end of the decade. Vehicle theft is a common phenomenon, which has a direct impact on over four million victims a year. The cost is astonishing. Many police officials blame professional thieves for the high volume of the thefts. It is a major moneya2maker for organized crime. Typically, stolen cars are taken to pieces and the parts sold to individuals. But as many as 200000 cars are smuggled out of the country every year. Most go to Latin America, the Middle East and Europe. Only about 15 percent car thefts result in an arrest, because few police departments routinely conduct ina2depth autoa2investigations. When thieves are arrested, judges will often sentence them to probation, not immediately put them in prison because the prisons are overcrowded with violent criminals. One exception is a Michigan program that assigns 92 police officers to work fulla2time on the state's 65000 car theft cases a year. Since 1986, when the effort began, the state's autoa2theft rate has fallen from second in the nation to ninth

How can you protect your car? If you live in a hi gha2theft area or drive an expensive model, consider a security system. It may cost anywhere from $25 tos 1, 000. Some systems engage automatically?simply removing the key disables the fuel pump and the starter. When cars are equipped with such systems, thefts may drop by onea2third. In some states, you may be able to use a device that transmits radio signals, allowing stolen cars to be tracked by police What does the author think Joe Templer should be blamed for? A. He should have equipped his car with a security system. B. He should not have his car refilled at the gas station. Id not have been so sure of himself ld have shut down the engine of his car What is Not a reason for the increase of car theft as mentioned in the passage? A Police don t give enough attention to car theft cases. B More people park their cars and left the keys inside C Measures and laws against car thieves are not effective enough D Car theft brings car thieves much money. It is obvious that the Michigan program A has no effect on the overall picture of the whole state es much wor k but proves to be quite effective. C involves the construction of larger prisons D involves the deve lopment of a new security system What type(s)of security system can help the police find a stole car back? A. The device that sends out radio signals B The device that disables the fuel pum C The device that disables the starter D. All of the above P After a threeaZyear survey of the social and behavioral sciences, a committee of the NrC has concluded that these sciences are losing out in the race for federal science funds. Between 1972 and 1978, federal support for the social and behavioral sciences fell 25 percent, while support for other areas of science rose 36 percent. Psychological, social and cultural studies pertaining to virtually everything that people treat as a problem in our civilization, ?t the committee writes, play a large role?+ Paradoxically(???u u?e?), one would think these would be times when social science research would be riding high. Yet eve though governments are more thap alarmed abou a variety of social problem, s they are inclined to deal with them by trial and (oftenerror. The abuse of drugs is a widespread concern, but governments seem to with the qualifications of teachers and their salaries If we lack an adequate understanding of drug abuse and educational processes, are we flying blind at tempting to deal with these behaviours? What domains of your life could benefit from social and behavioral science research? For instance, are we concerned about crime? Consider that recent sociological research reveals that nearly half of all urbana2dwelling American males can expect to be arrested for some non traffic offense during their lives. However, a very small group of? career predators? tare responsible for a grossly disproportionate share of all crimes committed. What does this insight suggest to you about American criminal Justice and prison policies Sociological work also shows that most criminals halt their careers by age 25 to 30. Does this finding have policy implication? If a 29a2yeara2olda2burglar whose criminal career is nearly over is imprisoned for ten years, may many years of that imprisonment be? wasted? ton expensive and unnecessary confinement?

How can you protect your car? If you live in a higha2theft area or drive an expensive model, consider a security system. It may cost anywhere from $25 to$1,000. Some systems engage automatically?asimply removing the key disables the fuel pump and the starter. When cars are equipped with such systems, thefts may drop by onea2third. In some states, you may be able to use a device that transmits radio signals, allowing stolen cars to be tracked by police. What does the author think Joe Templer should be blamed for? A.He should have equipped his car with a security system. B.He should not have his car refilled at the gas station. C.He should not have been so sure of himself. D.He should have shut down the engine of his car. What is NOT a reason for the increase of car theft as mentioned in the passage? A.Police don't give enough attention to car theft cases. B.More people park their cars and left the keys inside. C.Measures and laws against car thieves are not effective enough. D.Car theft brings car thieves much money. It is obvious that the Michigan program _____ . A.has no effect on the overall picture of the whole state. B.involves much work but proves to be quite effective. C.involves the construction of larger prisons D.involves the development of a new security system What type(s)of security system can help the police find a stole car back? A.The device that sends out radio signals B.The device that disables the fuel pump. C.The device that disables the starter. D.All of the above. Passage 2 After a threea2year survey of the social and behavioral sciences, a committee of the NRC has concluded that these sciences are losing out in the race for federal science funds. Between 1972 and 1978, federal support for the social and behavioral sciences fell 25 percent, while support for other areas of science rose 36 percent. ?°Psychological, social and cultural studies pertaining to virtually everything that people treat as a problem in our civilization,?± the committee writes,?°play a large role.?± Paradoxically(???üμ?ê?)、one would think these would be times when social science research would be riding high. Yet eve though governments are more thap alarmed abou a variety of social problem,s they are inclined to deal with them by trial and(often)error. The abuse of drugs is a widespread concern, but governments seem to with the qualifications of teachers and their salaries. If we lack an adequate understanding of drug abuse and educational processes, are we flying blind attempting to deal with these behaviours? What domains of your life could benefit from social and behavioral science research? For instance, are we concerned about crime? Consider that recent sociological research reveals that nearly half of all urbana2dwelling American males can expect to be arrested for some non traffic offense during their lives. However, a very small group of?° career predators?±are responsible for a grossly disproportionate share of all crimes committed. What does this insight suggest to you about American criminal Justice and prison policies. Sociological work also shows that most criminals halt their careers by age 25 to 30. Does this finding have policy implication? If a 29a2yeara2olda2burglar whose criminal career is nearly over is imprisoned for ten years, may many years of that imprisonment be?°wasted?±on expensive and unnecessary confinement?

According to the author, social and behavioral sciences are losing federal financial support chiefly because A, don t see the seriousness of the present situation B, don t quite see the use for these sciences C, only consider natural sceinces as true sciences D, are unble to solve social problems with them In the second paragraph, the author gives two examples of social problems to show that A, social problems are on the rise currently B, the government does not try hard tosolve such problems C, some at tacks on such problems are often blind D, such problems often go unsovled n the third paragraph, the author uses some findings to illustrate A, some achievements made in social and behavioral sciences B, the demand for social and behavioral studies C, the current trend in the increase of crimes D, the inefficiency of criminal justice and prison policies In the last sentence of the passage, the word? confinement?+is closest in meaning to the word A、 funds lut I on C、 research D、 Imprisonment Passage 3 Writing to learn makes it possible to show learning in writing. Much of the writing you will do in college and at work will ask you to demonstrate what you have learned. The success of that demontration will depend on, among other things, revising your writing to show your knowledge to best advantage. When you have begun tosee what you want to say (frequently this becomes clear at the very end of a first draft), it is time to start thinking about how to present your ideas to others. It is time to start thinking about revising Revising can be described as the most important(and frequently most neglected)prat of writing. Novelists Doris Lessing has said that many novels miss greatness because authors are unwilling or unable to revise them. James Michener explains the importance of revision this way: I have never thought of myself as a good writer. Anyoune who wants reassurance of that should read one of my first drafts. But I m one of the worlds great revisers ?+ Revising takes many forms. It means thinking about the audience for your writing. Who will read your work and why? It also means developing an overall plan for the writing that will make your ideas clear. Often the organization of a first draft will reflect your process of discovery, but that may not be the best way to present your i deas to someone else. Revising also gives attention to the style of language, to the structure of a paragraph, and to the shape of sentences and other forms that show learning to its best advantage. Writing to learn and writing to show learning are never, of course, entirely separate processes Writers frequently consider issues of demonstrating learning while writing to learn, and writing to show learning often leads to new understandings. In drafting, for example, you may start thinking about what an audience will need to know in order to underst and your point and change a word or a phrase to make your meaning clearer. But understanding the differences between writing to learn and writing to show learning is central to seeing writing as a process The author thinks that revising starts when A, you want to show what you know B, you think about your audience

According to the author, social and behavioral sciences are losing federal financial support chiefly because some people _____ . A、don't see the seriousness of the present situation B、don't quite see the use for these sciences C、only consider natural sceinces as true sciences D、are unble to solve social problems with them In the second paragraph, the author gives two examples of social problems to show that _____ . A、social problems are on the rise currently B、the government does not try hard tosolve such problems C、some attacks on such problems are often blind D、such problems often go unsovled In the third paragraph, the author uses some findings to illustrate _____ . A、some achievements made in social and behavioral sciences B、the demand for social and behavioral studies C、the current trend in the increase of crimes D、the inefficiency of criminal justice and prison policies In the last sentence of the passage, the word?°confinement?±is closest in meaning to the word _____ . A、funds B、solution C、research D、imprisonment Passage 3 Writing to learn makes it possible to show learning in writing. Much of the writing you will do in college and at work will ask you to demonstrate what you have learned. The success of that demontration will depend on, among other things, revising your writing to show your knowledge to best advantage. When you have begun tosee what you want to say(frequently this becomes clear at the very end of a first draft),it is time to start thinking about how to present your ideas to others. It is time to start thinking about revising. Revising can be described as the most important(and frequently most neglected)prat of writing. Novelists Doris Lessing has said that many novels miss greatness because authors are unwilling or unable to revise them. James Michener explains the importance of revision this way:?°I have never thought of myself as a good writer. Anyoune who wants reassurance of that should read one of my first drafts. But I'm one of the world's great revisers.?± Revising takes many forms. It means thinking about the audience for your writing. Who will read your work and why? It also means developing an overall plan for the writing that will make your ideas clear. Often the organization of a first draft will reflect your process of discovery, but that may not be the best way to present your ideas to someone else. Revising also gives attention to the style of language, to the structure of a paragraph, and to the shape of sentences and other forms that show learning to its best advantage. Writing to learn and writing to show learning are never, of course, entirely separate processes. Writers frequently consider issues of demonstrating learning while writing to learn, and writing to show learning often leads to new understandings. In drafting, for example, you may start thinking about what an audience will need to know in order to understand your point and change a word or a phrase to make your meaning clearer. But understanding the differences between writing to learn and writing to show learning is central to seeing writing as a process. The author thinks that revising starts when _____ . A、you want to show what you know B、you think about your audience

C, you have discovered your idea D, you have developed an overall writing plan The chief purpose in revising your writing is for you to A, learn in the course of writing B, add new ideas to your writing Cy show your learning to its best advantage D, use an appropriate style of language What Doris Lessing said helps to support the idea that A, he is one of the worlds great revisers B, he is not a good writer C, revising is very important D, many writers are unwilling to revise their works The passage is mainly about A, the importance of revising B, the importance of writing C how to compose good writing D, how to revise your writing Passage 4 That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our thinking that the notion that human beings adapt to their natural environment seems obvious. But ecological interpretations of world history are surprisingly recent. Sociologists, in attempting to classify societies, have looked increasingly to a people s relationshipwith their natural environment and, provide food, clothing, and shelter. Human beings meet these needs in a wide variety of environments, including deserts, rain forests, grasslands, and so on. Such environments are part of ecosystem, acomplex web of interdependencies among organisms, communities of organisms, and the natural habital. Some societal variation derives from the different demands made by different ecosystems. Customs and ways of life that would be adaptive in one ecosystem would be maladaptive in another. We confront a habitat and evolve a mode of existence not so much as lone individuals, but cooperatively as larger social units. Social organizat ion and technology are our chief adaptive mechanisms. Social organization develops as we create stable, ordered relationships and become infused with common cultural traits. Much depends on whether or not our values, norms, beliefs and institutions favor or foreclose new avenues of adaption. Likewise, technology-the application of knowledge for practical eds-allows us to harness and change aspects of our environment. In its broadest sense, technology entails the practical arts and skills of human society. As technology has become more advanced, we have gained access to greater amounts of non human energy(animal, water, fossil fuel, solar, and so on). In turen, new sources of energy have allowed our cultures to expand and change. Other changes follow as well. The author points out that differences in peopls s ways of life come from A their cul tural traditions B, their adaptions to the environment their demands for natural resources D, their notions about the environment Different ways of life exist among different peoples because of A, their adaptive value B, their distinctive value C, lack of better techno logy D、 mutual isolation

C、you have discovered your idea D、you have developed an overall writing plan The chief purpose in revising your writing is for you to _____ . A、learn in the course of writing B、add new ideas to your writing C、show your learning to its best advantage D、use an appropriate style of language What Doris Lessing said helps to support the idea that _____ . A、he is one of the world's great revisers B、he is not a good writer C、revising is very important D、many writers are unwilling to revise their works The passage is mainly about _____ . A、the importance of revising B、the importance of writing C、how to compose good writing D、how to revise your writing Passage 4 That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our thinking that the notion that human beings adapt to their natural environment seems obvious. But ecological interpretations of world history are surprisingly recent. Sociologists, in attempting to classify societies, have looked increasingly to a people's relationshipwith their natural environment and, provide food, clothing, and shelter. Human beings meet these needs in a wide variety of environments, including deserts, rain forests, grasslands, and so on. Such environments are part of ecosystem, acomplex web of interdependencies among organisms, communities of organisms, and the natural habital. Some societal variation derives from the different demands made by different ecosystems. Customs and ways of life that would be adaptive in one ecosystem would be maladaptive in another. We confront a habitat and evolve a mode of existence not so much as lone individuals, but cooperatively as larger social units. Social organization and technology are our chief adaptive mechanisms. Social organization develops as we create stable, ordered relationships and become infused with common cultural traits. Much depends on whether or not our values, norms, beliefs and institutions favor or foreclose new avenues of adaption. Likewise, technology-the application of knowledge for practical eds-allows us to harness and change aspects of our environment. In its broadest sense, technology entails the practical arts and skills of human society. As technology has become more advanced, we have gained access to greater amounts of non human energy(animal,water, fossil fuel, solar, and so on). In turen, new sources of energy have allowed our cultures to expand and change. Other changes follow as well. The author points out that differences in peopls's ways of life come from _____ . A、their cultural traditions B、their adaptions to the environment C、their demands for natural resources D、their notions about the environment Different ways of life exist among different peoples because of _____ . A、their adaptive value B、their distinctive value C、lack of better technology D、mutual isolation

Social organizations and technology develop as a result of people s A, adaptation to the environment B, attempt to change nature C, efforts to create peaceful societies D, desire to create bigger societies The ultimate goal in developing technology is for people to A, get practical skills and arts B、obta mounts of energy C, effect social changes D、 create new cultures The sub ject of my study is women who are initiating social change in a small region in The women are Mexican Americans who are, or were, migrant agricultural workers. There i than one kind of innovation at work in the region, of course, but I have chosen to focus on related patterns of family behavior. The pattern I life style represents how migrant farm workers of all nationalities lived in the past and how many continue to live. I treat this pattern as a baseline with which to compare the changes represented by pattern II and III. Families in pattern I work and travel in extended kin units, with the eldest male occupying the position of authority. Families are large?eight or none children are not unusual?aand all members are economic contributors in this strategy of family migration. Families in pattern II manifest some differences in behavior while still maintaining aspects of pattem I. They continue to migrate but on a reduced scale, often modifying their schedules of migration to allow children to finish the school year. Parents in this pattern often find temporary local jobs as checkers to make up for lost farming income. Pattern II families usually have fewer children than do pattern I families. The greatest amount of change from pattern I, however, is in pattern llI families, who no longer migrate at all. Both parents work full time in the area and have an average of three children. Children attend school for the entire year. In pattern IIl, the women in te new addition,return to school. They also assume a greater responsibility in family decisions bisy roles for themselves for which no local mode ls exist. They no only work full time but may do women in the other patterns. Although these women are in the minority among residents of the region, they serve as role models for others, causing moderate changes to spread in their communities Now opportunities have continued to be determined by prea Existing values. When federal jobs became available in the region, most involved working under the direction of female professionals uch as teachers or nurses. Such positions were unaccepted to many men in the area because they were not accustomed to being subordinate to women. Women therefore took the jobs, at first, because the income was desperately needed. But some of the women decided to stay at their jobs, at first, after the family's distress was over. These women en joyed their work, its responsibility, and the companionship of fellow women workers. The steady, relatively high income allowed their families to stop migrating. And, as the benefits to these women became increasingly apparent, they and their families became even more willing to consider changes in their lives that they ould not have considered before Which of the following titles best reflects the main focus of the passage? A, A Survey of Three Mexicana2American Families at We xas. B, Innovative Career Women: Effects on Family Unity. C, Changes in the Lifea2styles of Migrant Mexicana2American Families D, Farming of Family: The Unavoidable Choice for Migrant Farm Workers. All of the following statements about pattern Ii children express differences EXCEP A. they migrate for part of each year

Social organizations and technology develop as a result of people's _____ . A、adaptation to the environment B、attempt to change nature C、efforts to create peaceful societies D、desire to create bigger societies The ultimate goal in developing technology is for people to _____ . A、get practical skills and arts B、obtain greater amounts of energy C、effect social changes D、create new cultures Passage 5 The subject of my study is women who are initiating social change in a small region in Texas. The women are Mexican Americans who are, or were, migrant agricultural workers. There is more than one kind of innovation at work in the region, of course, but I have chosen to focus on three related patterns of family behavior. The pattern I life style represents how migrant farm workers of all nationalities lived in the past and how many continue to live. I treat this pattern as a baseline with which to compare the changes represented by pattern II and III. Families in pattern I work and travel in extended kin units, with the eldest male occupying the position of authority. Families are large?aeight or none children are not unusual?aand all members are economic contributors in this strategy of family migration. Families in pattern II manifest some differences in behavior while still maintaining aspects of pattem I. They continue to migrate but on a reduced scale, often modifying their schedules of migration to allow children to finish the school year. Parents in this pattern often find temporary local jobs as checkers to make up for lost farming income. Pattern II families usually have fewer children than do pattern I families. The greatest amount of change from pattern I, however, is in pattern III families, who no longer migrate at all. Both parents work full time in the area and have an average of three children. Children attend school for the entire year. In pattern III, the women in particular create new roles for themselves for which no local models exist. They no only work full time but may, in addition, return to school. They also assume a greater responsibility in family decisions than do women in the other patterns. Although these women are in the minority among residents of the region, they serve as role models for others, causing moderate changes to spread in their communities. Now opportunities have continued to be determined by prea2existing values. When federal jobs became available in the region, most involved working under the direction of female professionals such as teachers or nurses. Such positions were unaccepted to many men in the area because they were not accustomed to being subordinate to women. Women therefore took the jobs, at first, because the income was desperately needed. But some of the women decided to stay at their jobs, at first, after the family's distress was over. These women enjoyed their work, its responsibility, and the companionship of fellow women workers. The steady, relatively high income allowed their families to stop migrating. And, as the benefits to these women became increasingly apparent, they and their families became even more willing to consider changes in their lives that they would not have considered before. Which of the following titles best reflects the main focus of the passage? A、A Survey of Three Mexicana2American Families at Work in Texas. B、Innovative Career Women: Effects on Family Unity. C、Changes in the Lifea2styles of Migrant Mexicana2American Families. D、Farming of Family: The Unavoidable Choice for Migrant Farm Workers. All of the following statements about pattern II children express differences EXCEPT _____ . A、they migrate for part of each year