《全国硕士研究生考研英语测试题库》考研英语模拟试题[29].doc_大学文库

nvestigations of its role in treating many more serious complaints o for aches, pains and fever, Asprin is now the subject of multipl Being used long C. Having been long used It has long been used a The students were much encouraged a chance to talk with the Americans in A. to get given C. to have got D. having got Section B Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points) 11. The king made a promise which (A) he would(B)give the tailor both(C) half of his kingdom and his daughter, but none the tailor had (D) that is advantage to us D pt from faults but (B)having overcome(C)them It is not so much (A)being e Thus the young man of promise (A) broke not only the promises he had made(B)to himself and others, bi was the worse of all (C), the heart of his age father also (D) I shall finish (A)writing(B)my term paper by the time (C) you come back(D)next a There is frequently a great interval between knowing (A)how to solve( B)a problem and to get (C)the resources to solve (D) it s(A)dignity does not depend on(B)what (C)he has but (D)on what he is When (A)Edison died, it was proposed that the American people turned off (B)all power in their homes, streets, and factories for(C)several minutes in honor of (D)th a Today, a university education is seen as (A)the right of (B)any capable student rather than the priviledge (C)of (D)the wealthy people It is time we started (A)to think seriously about the growing(B)shortage of raw materials in the world today and stop (C) this mad destruction of our environment by our throw away (D)society Metal, the early(A)form of money, can either (B)be exchanged for good, or to Section c Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) 21. There is a direct flight at 2.00 in the afternoon or a flight at 9: 30 in the mor A. stops by B. stops over n Charles Ives s music was hardly popular with the broad public at the time it was

▪ _____ for aches, pains and fever, Asprin is now the subject of multiple investigations of its role in treating many more serious complaints. A．Long used B．Being used long C．Having been long used D．It has long been used ▪ The students were much encouraged _____ a chance to talk with the Americans in English. A．to get B．given C．to have got D．having got Section B Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5 points) 11. The king made a promise which (A) he would (B) give the tailor both (C) half of his kingdom and his daughter, but none the tailor had (D) . ▪ It is not so much (A) being exempt from faults but (B) having overcome (C) them that is advantage to us (D) . ▪ Thus the young man of promise (A) broke not only the promises he had made (B) to himself and others, but what was the worse of all (C) , the heart of his aged father also (D) . ▪ I shall finish (A) writing (B) my term paper by the time (C) you come back (D) next week. ▪ There is frequently a great interval between knowing (A) how to solve (B) a problem and to get (C) the resources to solve (D) it. ▪ A man's (A) dignity does not depend on (B) what (C) he has but (D) on what he is. ▪ When (A) Edison died, it was proposed that the American people turned off (B) all power in their homes,streets, and factories for (C) several minutes in honor of (D) this great man. ▪ Today, a university education is seen as (A) the right of (B) any capable student rather than the priviledge (C) of (D) the wealthy people. ▪ It is time we started (A) to think seriously about the growing (B) shortage of raw materials in the world today and stop (C) this mad destruction of our environment by our throw away (D) society. ▪ Metal, the early (A) form of money, can either (B) be exchanged for good, or to be made (C) into (D) tools, weapons or ornaments. Section C Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) 21. There is a direct flight at 2∶00 in the afternoon or a flight at 9∶30 in the morning that _____ in Chicago. A．stops by B．stops over C．pulls up D．drops in ▪ Charles Ives's music was hardly popular with the broad public at the time it was

A. left to B. exposed to C. faced with D. trusted with Picture what happens when a father his child into the air, The child will probably laugh, en joying the game. A. casts B. pitches C. tosses legates Once a lighthouse is built, no ship of any nationality can be effectively from the utilization of the lighthouse for navigational purposes. B. dismissed C. distracted D. excluded Part iI Cloze Test Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labelled A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) The Civil War occupies a unique position in American history. No event, not even the Revolution, holds 4l place in the national 42. Its battles were the bloodiest 43 fought on American 1, and its people were at once the most human and 44 of our heroes. The history of the war includes stories of recruitment, war industries, supplies, military leadership, politics, diplomacy, and civilian morale. It is really not one tale 45 many separate histories, each complex and elusive The Civil War can, however, be 46 to human scale by the very soldiers who fought in it. 47 had his own history, personal experiences, that reflected in some 48 the larger forces of the war. Although most soldiers left no record of their thoughts and activities 49 the brief notice received in troop lists, casualty reports, and other public records, some wrote diaries and letters that allow us to observe 50 the r personal histories. 41. A any high B a high C a higher the highest 42. A regard response C. reward D registration 43.A one B. once C before D ever 44.A. decisive B confidential C impartial D resourceful 45. A. and B C but D with 46. A declined B reduced C extended D expanded 47. A One B Each C. All D The soldier 48. A. mode B model C style D fashion 49. A between B beneath C behind D beyond B carefully C privately D intimately Part Ill Reading Comprehension Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(40 points Passage I Who was to blame for starting the Cold War?For nearly a generation after World War Il, American historians generally agreed that the suspicious and grasping Soviets were almost solely responsible.This“ Orthodox”(正统的) appraisal fitted comfortably with the traditional view of the United States as a God?blessed land with an idealistic foreign policy. But in the 1960s another interpretation began to flower, powerfully reinforced by an objection against what Americans were doing in Vietnam. People who held this view attempted to reverse the orthodox view. They argued

A．left to B．exposed to C．faced with D．trusted with ▪ Picture what happens when a father _____ his child into the air. The child will probably laugh, enjoying the game. A．casts B．pitches C．tosses D．elevates ▪ Once a lighthouse is built, no ship of any nationality can be effectively _____ from the utilization of the lighthouse for navigational purposes. A．isolated B．dismissed C．distracted D．excluded ▪ Part II Cloze Test Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) The Civil War occupies a unique position in American history.No event,not even the Revolution,holds 41 place in the national 42 .Its battles were the bloodiest 43 fought on American soil,and its people were at once the most human and 44 of our heroes.The history of the war includes stories of recruitment,war industries,supplies,military leadership,politics,diplomacy,and civilian morale.It is really not one tale 45 many separate histories,each complex and elusive. The Civil War can,however,be 46 to human scale by the very soldiers who fought in it. 47 had his own history,personal experiences,that reflected in some 48 the larger forces of the war.Although most soldiers left no record of their thoughts and activities 49 the brief notice received in troop lists,casualty reports,and other public records,some wrote diaries and letters that allow us to observe 50 their personal histories. 41.A.any high B.a high C.a higher D.the highest 42.A.regard B.response C.reward D.registration 43.A.one B.once C.before D.ever 44.A.decisive B.confidential C.impartial D.resourceful 45.A.and B.or C.but D.with 46.A.declined B.reduced C.extended D.expanded 47.A.One B.Each C.All D.The soldier 48.A.mode B.model C.style D.fashion 49.A.between B.beneath C.behind D.beyond 50.A.closely B.carefully C.privately D.intimately Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points) Passage 1 Who was to blame for starting the Cold War?For nearly a generation after World War II,American historians generally agreed that the suspicious and grasping Soviets were almost solely responsible.This“Orthodox”(正统的)appraisal fitted comfortably with the traditional view of the United States as a God?blessed land with an idealistic foreign policy.But in the 1960s another interpretation began to flower,powerfully reinforced by an objection against what Americans were doing in Vietnam.People who held this view attempted to reverse the orthodox view.They argued

that the Soviets had understandably defensive intent ions at the end of World War II and that the United States had behaved aggressively and irresponsibly. Some of these critics pointed an accusing finger at Truman. they declared that he had abandoned Roosevelt's conciliatory(iE FuAd)approach and adopted a bulling attitude, emboldened by Americans atomic monopoly. The more radical of thos people like the Kolkos found the roots of American aggression before Trumans time in long standing policies of economic expansion In the 1970s a"neoorthodox" interpretation emerged. Historians of this school, like John L Gaddis, still place most of the blame for the Cold War on the Soviet Union, but they admit that American policies helped worsen the conflict. They also note how the constraints of domestic politics and the miscalculations of American leaders led a nation in search of international security into dangerous Cold War. This historical debate over the origins of the Cold War has compelled the recognition that the United States did have vital interests at stake in postwar di plomacy, and that policymakers pursued those interests with eagerness. But is self?interest necessarily immoral?Is security a one?way street? Can the blame ever be exclusively with one side in a complex international dispute? 51. People of the "orthodox view placed blame for starting the Cold War on the Soviet Union A. they didn t want America to take sole responsibility B. they supported America in its foreign policy in Vietnam C. they believed that America was always right in its foreign policy D. they could find peace of mind in such a belief By saying that "people who held this view attempted to reverse the orthodox view (the fifth sentence in paragraph 1), the author means that those people A.didn' t quite agree to the“ orthodox”view B. held an opposite view to the“ orthodox”one C. considered the "orthodox" view unworthy of notice D. were faithful supporters of the Soviet foreign policies The "neoorthodox"view held that should take responsibility for the Cold War A. the Soviet union B. the United states C. neither of those two countries D. both of those two countries In the last paragraph, the author seems to imply that A. the Soviet Union should take sole responsibility B. the United States should take sole responsibility C. the Cold War wasn t started on one side only D, neither side started the cold war assage 2 Does the evidence that the left and right sides of the brain differ somewhat in function have implications for personality differences? There is research indicating that the right hemi sphere is linked to negative emotions, to spatial or imagery processing, and to thinking of pure melodies, while the left hemisphere is linked to verbal and mathematical thought and positive tions. Is it possible that each half of the brain reflects two basic but different dimensions of human capacity ?Are some personality differences that involve consistent styles of information processing of reflective thought correlated with a greater activation of the left and righ hemispheres? Adults who differ in their al encoding styles also demonstrate brain wave patterns or eye movement differences that suggest they "favor one or another hemi sphere of the brain during reflective thought. An approach to studying such differences has emerged by examining the direction in which people shift their eyes when trying to reflect on a question or to recall information. Anatomically(从解剖学上来说) the neural pathway from the left eye goes to the right hemisphere of the brain and from the right eye to the left hemisphere. Since our eyes normally shift together, it has been shown that the stimulation of the right brain hemisphere leads to a shift of the eyes to the left and, correspondingly, left hemisphere stimulation shifts the eyes to the right. Studies of persons who show consistent left or right eye shifts when engaged in reflective

that the Soviets had understandably defensive intentions at the end of World War II and that the United States had behaved aggressively and irresponsibly.Some of these critics pointed an accusing finger at Truman.They declared that he had abandoned Roosevelt's conciliatory(调和的)approach and adopted a bulling attitude,emboldened by American's atomic monopoly.The more radical of those people like the Kolkos found the roots of American aggression before Truman's time in long standing policies of economic expansion. In the 1970s a“neoorthodox”interpretation emerged.Historians of this school,like John L.Gaddis,still place most of the blame for the Cold War on the Soviet Union,but they admit that American policies helped worsen the conflict.They also note how the constraints of domestic politics and the miscalculations of American leaders led a nation in search of international security into dangerous Cold War. This historical debate over the origins of the Cold War has compelled the recognition that the United States did have vital interests at stake in postwar diplomacy,and that policymakers pursued those interests with eagerness.But is self?interest necessarily immoral?Is security a one?way street? Can the blame ever be exclusively with one side in a complex international dispute? 51. People of the“orthodox”view placed blame for starting the Cold War on the Soviet Union because _____ ． A．they didn't want America to take sole responsibility B．they supported America in its foreign policy in Vietnam C．they believed that America was always right in its foreign policy D．they could find peace of mind in such a belief ▪ By saying that“people who held this view attempted to reverse the orthodox view” (the fifth sentence in paragraph 1),the author means that those people _____ ． A．didn't quite agree to the “orthodox”view B．held an opposite view to the“orthodox”one C．considered the“orthodox”view unworthy of notice D．were faithful supporters of the Soviet foreign policies ▪ The“neoorthodox”view held that _____ should take responsibility for the Cold War． A．the Soviet Union B．the United States C．neither of those two countries D．both of those two countries ▪ In the last paragraph,the author seems to imply that _____ ． A．the Soviet Union should take sole responsibility B．the United States should take sole responsibility C．the Cold War wasn't started on one side only D．neither side started the Cold War Passage 2 Does the evidence that the left and right sides of the brain differ somewhat in function have implications for personality differences?There is research indicating that the right hemisphere is linked to negative emotions,to spatial or imagery processing,and to thinking of pure melodies,while the left hemisphere is linked to verbal and mathematical thought and positive emotions.Is it possible that each half of the brain reflects two basic but different dimensions of human capacity?Are some personality differences that involve consistent styles of information processing of reflective thought correlated with a greater activation of the left and right hemispheres? Adults who differ in their initial encoding styles also demonstrate brain wave patterns or eye movement differences that suggest they “favor”one or another hemisphere of the brain during reflective thought.An approach to studying such differences has emerged by examining the direction in which people shift their eyes when trying to reflect on a question or to recall information.Anatomically(从解剖学上来说)the neural pathway from the left eye goes to the right hemisphere of the brain and from the right eye to the left hemisphere.Since our eyes normally shift together,it has been shown that the stimulation of the right brain hemisphere leads to a shift of the eyes to the left and,correspondingly,left hemisphere stimulation shifts the eyes to the right. Studies of persons who show consistent left or right eye shifts when engaged in reflective

thought do offer some support for the views. Right shifters (that is, those whose left brain are most active)are more analytic in perceptual performance and score higher on measures of verbal concept formation, mathematics scores, and measures of mathematical, scientific, or theoretical interests, Left shifters are more imagery oriented, more inclined to daydream, more creative and aesthetically oriented. Left and right shifters even differ in where they prefer to sit in ollege lecture halls, with left shifters sitting on the right side and right shifters to the left of the center 55. The idea that the left and right sides of the brain differ somewhat in function A. is proved to be unfounded B. has consistent evidence to support itself C. is proved to be true in some cases D. lacks biological evidence Mathematical problem solving activity corresponds to an increase in the activation A. in the left side of the brain B. in the right side of the brain C, in both sides of the brain D. first in the left and then in the right side n According to the findings, a student who often sits on the left side of a lecture A. belongs to the analytical thinking type B. often daydreams in the classroom C. is not capable of creative thinking D. is relatively more imaginative ■ It is proved that A. different styles of information processing has no effect on people' s personality B. differences in personality have something to do with people s problem solving styles shifters are usually the worst students in a class shifters are often the trouble makers in Passage 3 John Harold Drake is a man of deep compassion, and has written a book that argues for the cause of children in need of love. "Children, Little Children" is an honest book, showing great concern and dissatisfaction with the care for children The difficult trick of living inside another person s mind and being able to put your reader inside that same mind, is a capability held only by writers of exceptional skill and talent. Mr. Drake has approached the problem by making a 10 year old boy his central character. The boy does not for a moment come across as a real child. Irresponsible parents abandoned him, his grandfather disliked him, he took everything literally, and begged everyone for love. Bret i being used to make a point. His ideas are too poetic, his response too direct, and the contrasts of good and evil too simplistic for real life. He is being manipulated by someone behind the scener ell us some thing. For fifteen years the authors has been dealing with people with psychological trouble at the V I T. Neuropsychiatric Institute. He has actively been involved in this field at other institutions for a quarter of a century. This book is a form of acting out, through the character, Bret, the pain of a rejected child. If one understands the book in those terms, one may be willing to believe the imaginary story. If viewed in this light, the exaggerated movements and reactions of the characters became less unbelievable and therefore more meaningful. The excessively poeti passages of description and emotion, seen as stage flats made more colorful than nature in order to look real from afar, are acceptable in a drama wherea they are irritating in a novel. The one sided characterizations insane father, immature mother, mean old grandmother, selfish aunt, cruel neighbours, and totally misunderstood Bret are figures moving across a lit stage to dramatize message. The true to life ending, without resolution or growth or development, might work on a stage, however, it is contrary to everything a novel should de

thought do offer some support for the views.Right shifters(that is,those whose left brain are most active)are more analytic in perceptual performance and score higher on measures of verbal concept formation,mathematics scores,and measures of mathematical,scientific,or theoretical interests.Left shifters are more imagery oriented,more inclined to daydream,more creative and aesthetically oriented.Left and right shifters even differ in where they prefer to sit in college lecture halls,with left shifters sitting on the right side and right shifters to the left of the center. 55. The idea that the left and right sides of the brain differ somewhat in function _____ ． A．is proved to be unfounded B．has consistent evidence to support itself C．is proved to be true in some cases D．lacks biological evidence ▪ Mathematical problem solving activity corresponds to an increase in the activation _____ ． A．in the left side of the brain B．in the right side of the brain C．in both sides of the brain D．first in the left and then in the right side ▪ According to the findings,a student who often sits on the left side of a lecture hall _____ ． A．belongs to the analytical thinking type B．often daydreams in the classroom C．is not capable of creative thinking D．is relatively more imaginative ▪ It is proved that _____ ． A．different styles of information processing has no effect on people's personality B．differences in personality have something to do with people's problem solving styles C．left shifters are usually the worst students in a class D．right shifters are often the trouble makers in a society ▪ Passage 3 John Harold Drake is a man of deep compassion, and has written a book that argues for the cause of children in need of love.“Children, Little Children”is an honest book, showing great concern and dissatisfaction with the care for children. The difficult trick of living inside another person's mind and being able to put your reader inside that same mind, is a capability held only by writers of exceptional skill and talent. Mr. Drake has approached the problem by making a 10 year old boy his central character. The boy does not for a moment come across as a real child. Irresponsible parents abandoned him, his grandfather disliked him, he took everything literally, and begged everyone for love. Bret is being used to make a point. His ideas are too poetic, his response too direct, and the contrasts of good and evil too simplistic for real life. He is being manipulated by someone behind the scenery trying to tell us something. For fifteen years the authors has been dealing with people with psychological trouble at the V.I.T. Neuropsychiatric Institute. He has actively been involved in this field at other institutions for a quarter of a century. This book is a form of acting out, through the character, Bret, the pain of a rejected child. If one understands the book in those terms, one may be willing to believe the imaginary story. If viewed in this light, the exaggerated movements and reactions of the characters became less unbelievable and therefore more meaningful. The excessively poetic passages of description and emotion, seen as stage flats made more colorful than nature in order to look real from afar, are acceptable in a drama wherea they are irritating in a novel. The one sided characterizations insane father, immature mother, mean old grandmother, selfish aunt, cruel neighbours, and totally misunderstood Bret are figures moving across a lit stage to dramatize a message. The true to life ending, without resolution or growth or development, might work on a stage, however, it is contrary to everything a novel should do

Calling the book a novel is the publishers mistake, the work is more nearly a drar Perhaps it is one of Mr Drake s psychodramas in print and should so be judged 59. The author of the passage feels that A. Mr. Drke' s character, Bret, is too unrealistic B the central character should not be manipulated C the message conveyed by the characterization is important D. Mr. Drake is not good at writing novels A. Bret isn t created for the stage B. Bret is surrounded by a hostile environment C. Bret is too simple minded D. Bret himself is indifferent to his environment A his book to send a message to people B does not like his character himself C does not have a pleasant experience as a child D is too impersonal in writing the story A. a drama review B a novel review C a comment on lack of parental love or children D a comment on story writing style Public officials and candidates for public office routinely use public opinion polls t track of what the people are thinking. An important question is the degree to which these should guide leaders in their actions. There are arguments for and against the use of polls as he basis for policy decisions. olls can contribute to effective government by keeping political leaders from getting too far out of line with the publics thinking. In a democratic society, the effectiveness of a public policy often depends on the extent of its public support. When a policy is contrary to the public s desires, people may choose to disregard or undermine it, thus making it counterproductive or inefficient. Further, when government pursues a course of action with which a large proportion of the public disagrees, it risks a loss of public confidence, which can have a negative effect on its ability to lead The Reagan administration, flying high from 1981 to 1985, was brought low in 1986 by public reaction to news of its secret sales of weapons to Iran. The administration had not paid sufficient attention to polls that revealed the deep antagonism Americans still felt toward Iran because the Ayatollah Khomeini's regime had held sixty three American hostages(A )inl9791981. However, leaders can also do a disservice to the public they represent by using poll results as a substitute for policy judgment. "Effective government", as Walter Lippmann wrote, " cannot be conducted by legislators and officials who, when a question is presented, ask themselves first and last not what is the truth and which is the right and necessary course, but What does the Gallup poll say?" During his presidential term, Jimmy Carter proposed five consecutive inflation fighting programs, changing his plans with each shift in public sentiment wi thout having invested the political capital necessary to get Congress and the country behind any of the efforts. The nation and Carter would probably have been better served by a steadfast commitment to a single course of action 63. The main idea of the second paragraph is that A. Reagan lost a lot of support later in his administratio B. leaders should learn to win support for their policies C. it is up to the leaders to determine the value of public opinion D. public opinion polls are very important to a democratic society What Walter lippi eans is that

Calling the book a novel is the publisher's mistake, the work is more nearly a drama. Perhaps it is one of Mr Drake's psychodramas in print and should so be judged. 59. The author of the passage feels that _____ . A.Mr. Drke's character, Bret, is too unrealistic B.the central character should not be manipulated C.the message conveyed by the characterization is important D.Mr. Drake is not good at writing novels ▪ It seems that _____ . A.Bret isn't created for the stage B.Bret is surrounded by a hostile environment C.Bret is too simple minded to be liked by anyone D.Bret himself is indifferent to his environment ▪ Mr. Drake _____ . A.is using his book to send a message to people B.does not like his character himself C.does not have a pleasant experience as a child D.is too impersonal in writing the story ▪ This passage is most likely to be _____ . A.a drama review B.a novel review C.a comment on lack of parental love or children D.a comment on story writing styles ▪ Passage 4 Public officials and candidates for public office routinely use public opinion polls to keep track of what the people are thinking.An important question is the degree to which these polls should guide leaders in their actions.There are arguments for and against the use of polls as the basis for policy decisions. Polls can contribute to effective government by keeping political leaders from getting too far out of line with the public's thinking.In a democratic society,the effectiveness of a public policy often depends on the extent of its public support.When a policy is contrary to the public's desires,people may choose to disregard or undermine it,thus making it counterproductive or inefficient.Further,when government pursues a course of action with which a large proportion of the public disagrees,it risks a loss of public confidence,which can have a negative effect on its ability to lead.The Reagan administration,flying high from 1981 to 1985, was brought low in 1986 by public reaction to news of its secret sales of weapons to Iran.The administration had not paid sufficient attention to polls that revealed the deep antagonism Americans still felt toward Iran because the Ayatollah Khomeini's regime had held sixty three American hostages(人质)in 1979 1981. However,leaders can also do a disservice to the public they represent by using poll results as a substitute for policy judgment.“Effective government”,as Walter Lippmann wrote,“cannot be conducted by legislators and officials who, when a question is presented,ask themselves first and last not what is the truth and which is the right and necessary course, but What does the Gallup Poll say?” During his presidential term,Jimmy Carter proposed five consecutive inflation fighting programs,changing his plans with each shift in public sentiment without having invested the political capital necessary to get Congress and the country behind any of the efforts .The nation and Carter would probably have been better served by a steadfast commitment to a single course of action. 63. The main idea of the second paragraph is that _____ ． A．Reagan lost a lot of support later in his administration B．leaders should learn to win support for their policies C．it is up to the leaders to determine the value of public opinion D．public opinion polls are very important to a democratic society ▪ What Walter Lippmann means is that _____ ．

A. some government leaders can never run the government effectively B. in solving any problem, leaders should first try to find out the public opini C. good leaders should learn to disregard public opinion in policy making D. leaders should take effective decisions based on sound judgment and act on them with determination The Carter example shows that for a leader A. rational judgment is important in face of unfavorable public opinion B. public opinion is all the more important in difficult time C. it is advisable to ignore public opinion in handling bad economic situations D. it is important to be on good terms with both the Congress and the public Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? A. Country leaders should be ready to yield to public opinion. B. Public opinions should be carefully used in policy making. C. Governmental policies should be made in line with public thinking D. Public polls are useless unless they are used for policy making. Passage 5 The transplantation of functioning human immune systems into mice was reported by two California research teams in September 1988. The mice should have many important uses in medical science, such as enabling researchers to test treatments against a number of diseases and to study the effects of infectious microorganisms-including the AIDs virus-on the human immune system. Both research groups-at the Medical Biology Institute in La Jolla and at Standford University-started with a special strain of mice that are without an immune system. The La jolla scientists injected the mice with human B cells and T cells, white blood cells that are ma jor components of the immune system. The cells reproduced in the mice s bodies and migrated throughout he animals circulatory systems. The Stanford researchers implanted human fetal lival tissues, thymus gland tissues, and lymph nodes, into the mice. In the mice bodies, the liver cells produced stem cells, which develop into the various kinds of blood cells. The implanted tissues converted the stem cells into b cells and T cells The mice with immune system transplants by both research teams were fully protected against infectious disease. Ordinarily, mice of the strain used by the scientists die soon after birth unless they are kept in a sterile(无菌的) environment 67. The purpose of the researches in those two universities was to A. use mouse blood to treat many diseases B. use human blood to cure sick mice C. find out how human immune system might be affected D. find out if human immune system was similar to that of mice The two researchers were similar in that both research groups A. had the same objective to their researches B. used the same procedures in their researches C. injected the same kind of blood cells into the mice D. used the same experimental instrument in their work Finally the two researches A. had quite different findings B. got similar findings C. failed since the mice soon died D. had no particular results Comparedwith Standford University researchers, those in the other university A. experimented with fewer kinds of blood cells C. employed a more direct method D. got less convincing results

A．some government leaders can never run the government effectively B．in solving any problem,leaders should first try to find out the public opinion on it C．good leaders should learn to disregard public opinion in policy making D．leaders should take effective decisions based on sound judgment and act on them with determination ▪ The Carter example shows that for a leader _____ ． A．rational judgment is important in face of unfavorable public opinion B．public opinion is all the more important in difficult time C．it is advisable to ignore public opinion in handling bad economic situations D．it is important to be on good terms with both the Congress and the public ▪ Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? A．Country leaders should be ready to yield to public opinion. B．Public opinions should be carefully used in policy making. C．Governmental policies should be made in line with public thinking. D．Public polls are useless unless they are used for policy making. Passage 5 The transplantation of functioning human immune systems into mice was reported by two California research teams in September 1988.The mice should have many important uses in medical science,such as enabling researchers to test treatments against a number of diseases and to study the effects of infectious microorganisms-including the AIDS virus-on the human immune system. Both research groups-at the Medical Biology Institute in La Jolla and at Standford University-started with a special strain of mice that are without an immune system.The La Jolla scientists injected the mice with human B cells and T cells,white blood cells that are major components of the immune system.The cells reproduced in the mice's bodies and migrated throughout the animals'circulatory systems. The Stanford researchers implanted human fetal lival tissues,thymus gland tissues,and lymph nodes,into the mice.In the mice' bodies,the liver cells produced stem cells,which develop into the various kinds of blood cells.The implanted tissues converted the stem cells into B cells and T cells. The mice with immune system transplants by both research teams were fully protected against infectious disease.Ordinarily,mice of the strain used by the scientists die soon after birth unless they are kept in a sterile(无菌的)environment. 67. The purpose of the researches in those two universities was to _____ ． A．use mouse blood to treat many diseases B．use human blood to cure sick mice C．find out how human immune system might be affected D．find out if human immune system was similar to that of mice ▪ The two researchers were similar in that both research groups _____ ． A．had the same objective to their researches B．used the same procedures in their researches C．injected the same kind of blood cells into the mice D．used the same experimental instrument in their work ▪ Finally the two researches _____ ． A．had quite different findings B．got similar findings C．failed since the mice soon died D．had no particular results ▪ Comparedwith Standford University researchers,those in the other university _____ ． A．experimented with fewer kinds of blood cells B．used a less advanced method C．employed a more direct method D．got less convincing results

Part IV English Chinese Translation Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese(15 points) Immediately after the Civil War, however, the diet began to change. (71) Rail transportation increased the supply and improved the quality of the milk that reached urban centers: cold storage. and refrigerator cars made possible the greater consumption of fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, and resh fish; and commercial canning extended the range of appetizing and healthful foods Subsequently food statistics indicated an increased consumption of dairy products, fresh fruit, fresh vegetables, sugar and syrups, coffee, tea, cocoa, and spices. Decreased consumption was shown for meats, potatoes, and grain products. (72) By and large, the American diet continued to eflect a considerable reliance upon animal products, rather than on grains, which meant that a c. Wher eas a grain an diet, such as in Japan, requires only a quarter of an acre high yield cropland and no pasture per capita, the American diet requires about two and a half acres of cropland and ten acres of pasture per capita. Also it indicated a shift toward the so called protective foods, toward those high in vitamins and proteins(73) This change was greatly furthered by governmental food inspection(the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed in 1906), by the increasing use of mechanical refrigerators in the 1920s and 1930 s and of freezers for frozen food during recent decades In the years after World War I a food revolution took place that was reminiscent of the one that occured after the Civil War. The output of the food manufacturing industry quadrupled from 1900 to 1940.(74)In that interval, as we have mentioned earlier, home canning gave way to commercial anning,and the labor of housekeeping was lightened. Fortunately most of the major dietary changes that have taken place since the mi ddle of the nineteenth century have resulted in better nutrition for the population. In part, these shifts have taken place because of a preference for new foods rather than old, but in part, they have been made ecause the new foods were advocated by nutritionists Apparent ly American dietary customs were not so deeply ingrained as to prevent change in the interests of better health.(75)Possibly or factor that has contributed to the readiness of americans to ly different lands, Within a small area in New York City or San Francisco, one can find restaurants specializi in French, Italian, German, Turkish, Arabian, or Chinese cuisine. And at a Chinese resturant in the United States the chef and waiter are as likely as not to be Orienta Part v Writing(15 points) Directions A Title: AGED PEOPLE TEND TO LIVE ALONE B Time Limit: 40 minutes C Word limit: no less than 150 words (not including the given sentence) D Your composition should be based on the outline below and should end the first paragraph with the given sentence: Why do aged people tend to live alone? E Your composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET OUTLINE 1. Present situation 2. Possible reasons 3. My comment

▪ Part IV English Chinese Translation Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points) Immediately after the Civil War,however,the diet began to change.(71) Rail transportation increased the supply and improved the quality of the milk that reached urban centers;cold storage and refrigerator cars made possible the greater consumption of fresh vegetables,fresh fruits,and fresh fish;and commercial canning extended the range of appetizing and healthful foods. Subsequently food statistics indicated an increased consumption of dairy products,fresh fruit,fresh vegetables,sugar and syrups,coffee,tea,cocoa,and spices.Decreased consumption was shown for meats,potatoes,and grain products. (72) By and large,the American diet continued to reflect a considerable reliance upon animal products,rather than on grains,which meant that a relatively large acreage was required to feed the American pulblic. Whereas a grain and fish diet,such as in Japan,requires only a quarter of an acre high yield cropland and no pasture per capita,the American diet requires about two and a half acres of cropland and ten acres of pasture per capita.Also it indicated a shift toward the so called protective foods,toward those high in vitamins and proteins.(73) This change was greatly furthered by governmental food inspection(the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed in 1906),by the increasing use of mechanical refrigerators in the 1920's and 1930's and of freezers for frozen food during recent decades. In the years after World War I a food revolution took place that was reminiscent of the one that occured after the Civil War.The output of the food manufacturing industry quadrupled from 1900 to 1940.(74) In that interval,as we have mentioned earlier,home canning gave way to commercial canning,and the labor of housekeeping was lightened. Fortunately most of the major dietary changes that have taken place since the middle of the nineteenth century have resulted in better nutrition for the population.In part,these shifts have taken place because of a preference for new foods rather than old,but in part,they have been made because the new foods were advocated by nutritionists.Apparently American dietary customs were not so deeply ingrained as to prevent change in the interests of better health.(75) Possibly one factor that has contributed to the readiness of Americans to accept new foods or food preparations is the general familiarity most have with a variety of regional dishes coming from many different lands. Within a small area in New York City or San Francisco,one can find restaurants specializing in French,Italian,German,Turkish,Arabian,or Chinese cuisine.And at a Chinese resturant in the United States the chef and waiter are as likely as not to be Oriental. Part V Writing(15 points) Directions: A.Title:AGED PEOPLE TEND TO LIVE ALONE B.Time Limit:40 minutes C.Word limit:no less than 150 words (not including the given sentence) D.Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should end the first paragraph with the given sentence:Why do aged people tend to live alone? E.Your composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. OUTLINE: 1.Present situation 2.Possible reasons 3.My comment