牛津高中英语 Verbs动词 动词的种类 动词的种类 特点 例词 能独立做谓语(不能移至句首构成一般疑问句;|eat,walk,read, write, 也不能直接在后面加not构成否定句) talk, sing, dance, fly 实义动词 bui ld, interest, add. 连系动词「不能独立做谓语,只能与后面的表语(通常是b(是),lk(看起来), adj.)一起构成谓语,表示主语的性质、特征等。 sound(听起来),feel(感 觉),get(变), become 变),turn(变) 不能独立做谓语,无词义,用来构成否定句、疑do,be,wil,have 问句、时态,语态的 助动词 can/be able to, may ust/have to, used to, 不能独立做谓语,有一定的词义,无人称、数的 need, should/be supposed 情态动词变化6 be able to. have to, be supposed to0y,|t,,h 后接动词原形。 EXX:L指出下列句中划线动词的种类: 1.---What are you doing? I am reading a newspaper 2. -- Can you speak English? Yes, but i am able to speak only a little 3. Look The girl looks Iike her father 4. Don't talk to me. i have to finish the work now
牛津高中英语 Verbs 动词 一、动词的种类 动词的种类 特点 例词 实义动词 能独立做谓语（不能移至句首构成一般疑问句； 也不能直接在后面加 not 构成否定句） eat,walk, read, write, talk, sing, dance, fly, make, use, try, decide, build, interest, add... 连系动词 不能独立做谓语，只能与后面的表语（通常是 adj.）一起构成谓语，表示主语的性质、特征等。 be (是）， look(看起来）， sound(听起来）， feel(感 觉）， get(变）， become （变），turn(变）.... 助动词 不能独立做谓语，无词义，用来构成否定句、疑 问句、时态，语态的。 do, be, will, have... 情态动词 不能独立做谓语，有一定的词义，无人称、数的 变化(be able to, have to, be supposed to 外)， 后接动词原形。 can/be able to, may, must/have to, used to, need, should/be supposed to, will, shall... EXX: I.指出下列句中划线动词的种类： 1. ---What are you doing? --- I am reading a newspaper. 2. --- Can you speak English? --- Yes, but I am able to speak only a little. 3. Look! The girl looks like her father. 4. Don’t talk to me. I have to finish the work now
I选择填空: )1.-It is said this kind of tofu smells terrible That’ s true. But it delicious A feels B sounds C. tastes )2. Fresh food is good for you. But you have to it first because it is a little dirty. wash B stop C plant c )3.--Does he like bananas? -Yes. he can oes )4. When spring comes, trees begin to greer get B turn C become 、情态动词(can,may,must, have to, be able to, be supposed to, should, could would) 1.情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面接动词原形。变疑问句、否 定句与be动词雷同(但是 have to不一样而且 be able to, be supposed tobe有人称、数、时态的变化)。如: I can help you Can I help you? Yes, I can. /No, I can't You may sit here May I sit here? Yes, you may can /No, you can t(mustnt) He must go now. Must he go now? Yes, he must. /No, he needn't He has to wear a uniform at school Does he have to wear a uniform at school? Yes, he does. /No, he doesnt
II.选择填空： （ ）1. --- It is said this kind of tofu smells terrible. --- That’s true. But it ______ delicious. A. feels B. sounds C. tastes （ ）2. Fresh food is good for you. But you have to ____ it first because it is a little dirty. A. wash B. stop C. plant （ ）3. ---Does he like bananas? --- Yes, he _____. A. can B. does C. is （ ）4. When spring comes, trees begin to _____ green. A. get B. turn C. become 二、情态动词（can, may, must, have to, be able to, be supposed to, should, could，would） 1. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形。变疑问句、否 定句与 be 动词雷同（但是 have to 不一样,而且 be able to, be supposed to be 有人称、数、时态的变化）。如： I can help you. Can I help you? Yes, I can. /No, I can’t. You may sit here. May I sit here? Yes, you may(can)./No, you can’t(mustn’t.) He must go now. Must he go now? Yes, he must. /No, he needn’t. He has to wear a uniform at school. Does he have to wear a uniform at school? Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t
She is able to swim Is she able to swim? Yes, she is. /No, she We are supposed to save water. Are we supposed to save water? Yes, you are. No, you arent. 以may开头的一般疑问句,其否定回答要以can,t/ mustn’t结尾; 以mus开头一般疑问句,其否定回答要以nedn't/don' t have to 结尾;以 could开头的一般疑问句,其否定回答要以can’t结尾; 1)---Must we finish our homework now?----No, you A mustn t B. can' t C don t d neednt 2)---May i go home now? ---Sorry, you may B. may C.can’tD.,need 3 )---Could you take out the rubbish? Sorry, i have to take care of my baby sister. A. couldn’tB. mustn’tC. needn’t D.can’t 4)---My head feels very hot maybe i have a fever. You ake your temperature(量体温) A should B C. may D could 情态动词用法口诀
She is able to swim. Is she able to swim? Yes, she is. /No, she isn’t. We are supposed to save water. Are we supposed to save water? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. 以 may 开头的一般疑问句，其否定回答要以 can’t/mustn’t 结尾； 以 must 开头一般疑问句，其否定回答要以 needn’t /don’t have to 结尾; 以 could 开头的一般疑问句，其否定回答要以 can’t 结尾； 1）---Must we finish our homework now? ---- No, you _______. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. don’t D. needn’t 2）--- May I go home now? --- Sorry，you ______. A. may B. mayn’t C. can’t D., needn’t 3）--- Could you take out the rubbish? --- Sorry, I ________. I have to take care of my baby sister. A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can’t 4) --- My head feels very hot, maybe I have a fever. --- You ________ take your temperature（量体温）. A. should B. can C. may D. could 情态动词用法口诀：
情态动词要记牢,动词原形来跟梢 不管人称单复数,现在过去乐逍遥 can表“能力”和“许可”,“猜测”只能否定叫 换成过去“能” could,“许可”“猜测”都要得, “许可”“可能”may来表,然而“猜测性”大不了 回答“不可以”can’t/ mustn’t。 “必须”“一定”must, should“应该”来报到。 回答“不须” needn't, mustn’t为“不准/不要” 否定只要接not,疑问赶紧往前跑。 也有几个好奇妙,“能” be able to,“应该” be supposed to 不得不” have to,人称、时态要随主。 三、动词的形式:动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、现在分词、 过去式、过去分词) 如 doing did one have has having uts put study studies studying studied studied lie lying lied lied a 动词的形式变化规则 例词
情态动词要记牢，动词原形来跟梢。 不管人称单复数，现在过去乐逍遥。 can 表“能力”和“许可”，“猜测”只能否定叫。 换成过去“能”could,“许可”“猜测”都要得， “许可”“可能”may 来表，然而“猜测性”大不了。 回答“不可以”can’t/mustn’t。 “必须”“一定”must, should “应该”来报到。 回答“不须”needn’t, mustn’t 为“不准/不要” 否定只要接 not, 疑问赶紧往前跑。 也有几个好奇妙，“能”be able to,“应该”be supposed to “不得不”have to, 人称、时态要随主。 三、动词的形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、现在分词、 过去式、过去分词)。 如：do does doing did done have has having had had put puts putting put put study studies studying studied studied lie lies lying lied lied lie lies lying lay lain 动词的形式 变化规则 例词
look. listen dance 动词原形 不变 pass, watch, stop e, study. s(一般情况) 在动词末尾加e以sxch,$h辅O结尾) looks, listens, dances. 第三人称单数 yye以辅音字母+y结尾) passes, watches, stops, have -has be ing(一般情况) looking listening. dancing 在动词末尾加去e加-ing(以不发音的e结尾) 现在分词 passing, watching, stopping 双写未尾辅音字母再加-ing(重读的辅元辅) ing, study 改ie为y再加-ing(以ie结尾) 规则变化 规则变化 -ed(一般情况) looked. listened danced 在动词末尾挝-d(以e结尾) passed, watched, stopped 过去式 双写末尾辅音字母再加-ing(重读的辅无辅)| studied (过去分词 i+ed(以辅音字母+y结‖不规则变化 did, had, came, went, was/ wer 不规则变化(死记硬背) left, put, cut, read wrote, told, said, taught 四、动词的时态 动词的时态 用法及标志 构成
四、动词的时态 动词的时态 用法及标志 构成 动词原形 不变 look , listen, dance, pass,watch, stop, lie, study... 第三人称单数 -s (一般情况） 在动词末尾加 -es(以 s, x, ch, sh,辅 O 结尾) - y i+es(以辅音字母+y 结尾) looks, listens, dances, passes,watches, stops, lies, studies... 现在分词 -ing(一般情况） 在动词末尾加 去 e 加-ing（以不发音的 e 结尾） 双写末尾辅音字母再加-ing(重读的辅元辅） 改 ie 为 y 再加-ing(以 ie 结尾） looking, listening, dancing passing, watching, stopping lying, studying.... 过去式 (过去分词) 规则变化 -ed(一般情况） 在动词末尾加 -d（以 e 结尾） 双写末尾辅音字母再加-ing(重读的辅元辅） - y i+ed(以辅音字母+y 结 尾) 不规则变化（死记硬背） 规则变化 looked, listened, danced, passed, watched, stopped, studied..... 不规则变化 did, had, came, went, was/were, left, put, cut, read, wrote, told, said,taught have has be is
表示一般性、通常性、习惯性的动作或状态。动词原形或第三人称单数 一般现在时常与 often, usually, sometimes, ever.,on Sunday, in the morning连用:状语从句中 (动原或三单) 表示在过去时间里发生的动作或状态。 一般过去时标志:旦ya 过去式 yesterday-…, two days ago, in2002上下文(语境) 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。标志:Look 现在进行时uien am/is/ are +-ing 5+时刻; Be quiet!Now;上下文 「表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的 动作。标志:at11:00 last night, at that 过去进行时 time, this time yesterday, when I came in, was/were+- ing while引导的从句中;宾语从句里;上下文 表示在将来时间里发生的动作或状态。 W+动词原形 般将来时标志: next year, be going to+动原 tomorrow., in two days,in2022.,上下文 表示在过去看来还没有发生的动作或状态。 Woud+动词原形 过去将来时 常用于宾语从句中;上下文 Was/ were going to+动原 用法(一):表示过去发生或完成的动作对现 在造成的影响或结果。标志:just,ever, never, already, yet, before, once, twice. 现在完成时 用法(二):表示过去发生的动作或状态延续have/has+PP过去分词 到现在。标志:for+一段时间, SInce+过 去时间, so far…上下文 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前己经发生或完 过去完成时成了的动作。它表示“过去的过去”标志 by/beet短语; when/ before+从句;宾语从had+p过去分词) 句中;上下文
一般现在时 表示一般性、通常性、习惯性的动作或状态。 常与 often,usually, sometimes,every….,on Sunday, in the morning 连用；状语从句中。 动词原形或第三人称单数 （动原或三单） 一般过去时 表示在过去时间里发生的动作或状态。 标志：last year/…, yesterday…, two days ago, in 2002...上下文(语境） 过去式 现在进行时 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。标志：Look!/ Listen!; It’s +时刻.; Be quiet! Now; 上下文 am/is/are +-ing 过去进行时 表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的 动作。标志：at 11:00 last night, at that time, this time yesterday, when I came in, while 引导的从句中；宾语从句里；上下文 was/were+-ing 一般将来时 表示在将来时间里发生的动作或状态。 标志：next year/…, tomorrow…, in two days, in 2022...,上下文 will +动词原形 be going to +动原 过去将来时 表示在过去看来还没有发生的动作或状态。 常用于宾语从句中;上下文 would +动词原形 was/were going to +动原 现在完成时 用法（一）：表示过去发生或完成的动作对现 在造成的影响或结果。标志：just, ever, never, already, yet, before, once, twice… 用法（二）：表示过去发生的动作或状态延续 到现在。标志： for +一段时间， since +过 去时间， so far…上下文 have/has +PP(过去分词) 过去完成时 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完 成了的动作。它表示“过去的过去”标志： by/before+短语；when/before+从句；宾语从 句中;上下文 had+pp(过去分词）
五、动词的被动语态:be+p过去分词 1}般现在时的被动语态:am/s/are+pp过去分词) }般过去时的被动语态:was/Were+p(过去分词) 3)含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+及物动词的pp(过去分词) 六、动词的非谓语形式:动词不定式,动名词,分词 使用动词要担心,分析成分看清谓,填谓注意时语态,非谓动词用不定,忙(be busy/be worth)(finish/end up )ZE(for, about, at, in, to, with/without by, from…)避免( avoid)忍受( stand,/ tolerate)考虑( consider)建议( suggest) 忍不住(can’ t help)去(go)保持(keep)实践( practice),放弃( give up 享受( enJoy)介意(mind) feel like的-ing。助(do, does, did)使(make,let)感 (hear,se情can,may, must, would rather, had better, used to)固(祈使句句首, why not, please后)原形 用所给动词的适当形式填空: 1. Lucy dance)on weekends. 2. Listen! who (talk) with your parents? 3. Let me (have a look 4. He wants (make )friends with you now. 5. By the time I got home, I realized I (leave) my key at school 6. It s time (play)badminton now. 7. When tea (invent) by accident? 8. What you last weekend? (do) 9. Tom is good at swIm 10.You_funiyougototheparty(havel 11. I will try my best to stop myself from the same mistake A. make B. making C. made 12. Her friend would rather the football match than m
五、动词的被动语态：be+pp(过去分词） 1)一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are +pp(过去分词） 2)一般过去时的被动语态：was/were +pp(过去分词） 3)含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be +及物动词的 pp(过去分词） 六、动词的非谓语形式：动词不定式，动名词，分词 使用动词要担心，分析成分看清谓，填谓注意时语态，非谓动词用不定，忙（be busy/be worth）完（finish/end up）之后（for,about,at, in, to,with/without， by,from…）避免（avoid）忍受（stand/tolerate）考虑（consider）建议（suggest)）, 忍不住（can’t help）去（go） 保持（keep）实践（practice）,放弃（give up） 享受（enjoy）介意（mind） feel like 的-ing。助（do, does, did）使(make, let) 感 (hear, see) 情(can, may, must,would rather, had better, used to) 固(祈使句句首， why not, please 后) 原形 用所给动词的适当形式填空： 1. Lucy _____________ (dance) on weekends. 2. Listen! Who _______________ (talk) with your parents? 3. Let me ___________ (have) a look. 4. He wants ___________(make ) friends with you now. 5. By the time I got home, I realized I ___________(leave) my key at school. 6. It’s time __________ (play) badminton now. 7. When ________ tea___________ (invent) by accident? 8. What ______ you ______ last weekend?(do) 9. Tom is good at _____________. (swim) 10 . You ____________ fun if you go to the party.(have) 11. I will try my best to stop myself from _________the same mistake. A. make B. making C. made 12. Her friend would rather _____ the football match than ______ me
A watch, see B to watch, seeing C watches, see the army for three years A has join B joined C has been 14. ----Just now I called you, but you didnt pick it up Sorry, I a shower at that time A taking B was taking C. took 15. Teenagers not to talk back to their parents A should be taught B should teach C should to teach 16. Please wait. The doctor back in a few minutes B. has been C. will be 17. Could you tell me ?A. Where is the hospital B where was the hospital C where the hospital is 18.Do you know the woman who to your sister now? A talks B is talking C are talking 19. I wonder if tomorrow If it we will go for a picnic A. will rain; doesn't rain doesn't rain C. will rain; won 't rain 20. that book which by hemingway is worth A wrote; reading B is written; to read C was written; reading
A. watch, see B. to watch, seeing C. watches, see 13. My son ___________ the army for three years. A. has join B. joined C. has been in 14. ----Just now I called you, but you didn’t pick it up. ---- Sorry, I _________ a shower at that time. A. taking B. was taking C. took 15. Teenagers _________ not to talk back to their parents. A. should be taught B. should teach C. should to teach 16. Please wait. The doctor _________ back in a few minutes. A.is B. has been C. will be 17. Could you tell me ________________? A. Where is the hospital B. where was the hospital C. where the hospital is 18. Do you know the woman who ______ to your sister now? A. talks B. is talking C. are talking 19. I wonder if it _________ tomorrow. If it ______, we will go for a picnic . A. will rain; doesn’t rain B. rains; doesn’t rain C. will rain; won’t rain 20. That book which _____by Hemingway is worth _______. A. wrote; reading B. is written; to read C. was written; reading