Energy Production on Basis of Biogenous Waste 以产生生命的废物为基础的能源生产 A step to the future Putting organic waste to good use 通向未来的脚步一将有机废物充分利用 E OMPOGAS
Energy Production on Basis of Biogenous Waste 以产生生命的废物为基础的能源生产 A step to the future Putting organic waste to good use 通向未来的脚步－将有机废物充分利用
General Overview 宗述 · Chinese situation Utilization of Biomass Energy 中国的现状 China has a huge amount of biomass -COmmerce resource. It is estimated 150& △ Biomass e that the total amount of 100 biomass resource is up 50 to 5.2x108 tons of oil equivalent(TOE)in which crop residue Eenergy Consumption in rural areas resource Is up to 2.7×108 TOE firewood中国拥有巨大的生物质资源。据估计总的生 over 5.2x107 ToE and 物质资源相当于5.2X108吨石油,其中农作 animal about10×10物剩余物相当于27×10吨石油,可燃木料 TOE 相当于5.2×107吨石油,动物粪便约相当于 1.0x108吨石油
General Overview 综述 • Chinese situation 中国的现状 China has a huge amount of biomass resource. It is estimated that the total amount of biomass resource is up to 5.2x108 tons of oil equivalent (TOE) in which crop residue resource is up to 2.7x108 TOE, firewood over 5.2x107 TOE and animal about 1.0x108 TOE. 中国拥有巨大的生物质资源。据估计总的生 物质资源相当于5.2x108 吨石油，其中农作 物剩余物相当于2.7x108 吨石油，可燃木料 相当于5.2x107 吨石油，动物粪便约相当于 1.0x108 吨石油
General Overview 综述 The situation in German 德国现状 There are about 1000 huge biogas plants in operation in Germany. Those are mainly agricultural, farm-scale biogas plants, the remainder are large-scale central Cofermentation plants and industrial plants for digestion of biowaste and/or kitchen waste. Most of these plants were constructed with help of experienced advisers in self-construction by the owners themselves. As a result, costs could be reduced greatly 德国有约1000座大型沼气厂在运行。这些主要是农场规模的沼 气厂,其他的为大规模的用于消解有机废物和/或厨余垃圾的中 心复合发酵厂和工业工厂。大部分的工厂是工厂主在有经验的 顾问的帮助下自己完成建设的,这样费用可以大大降低
General Overview 综述 • The situation in Germany 德国现状 • There are about 1000 huge biogas plants in operation in Germany. Those are mainly agricultural, farm-scale biogas plants, the remainder are large-scale central Cofermentation plants and industrial plants for digestion of biowaste and/or kitchen waste. Most of these plants were constructed with help of experienced advisers in self-construction by the owners themselves. As a result, costs could be reduced greatly. • 德国有约1000座大型沼气厂在运行。这些主要是农场规模的沼 气厂，其他的为大规模的用于消解有机废物和/或厨余垃圾的中 心复合发酵厂和工业工厂。大部分的工厂是工厂主在有经验的 顾问的帮助下自己完成建设的，这样费用可以大大降低
Overview about biomass 生物质综述 Biomass is a renewable energy resource derived from the carbonaceous waste of various human and natural activities It is derived from numerous sources, including the by-products from the timber industry, agricultural crops, raw material from the forest, major parts of household waste and livestock manure 生物质是一种衍生于各种人类活动及自然活动的含碳化合物的 废物的可再生能源。来自数种资源,包括木材工业的副产品、 农作物、来自森林的原料、生活垃圾的主要部分及畜禽粪便
Overview about biomass 生物质综述 • Biomass is a renewable energy resource derived from the carbonaceous waste of various human and natural activities. It is derived from numerous sources, including the by-products from the timber industry, agricultural crops, raw material from the forest, major parts of household waste and livestock manure. • 生物质是一种衍生于各种人类活动及自然活动的含碳化合物的 废物的可再生能源。来自数种资源，包括木材工业的副产品、 农作物、来自森林的原料、生活垃圾的主要部分及畜禽粪便
Overview about biomass 生物质综述 Biomass does not add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere as it absorbs the same amount of carbon in growing as it releases when consumed as a fuel. Its advantage is that it can be used to generate electricity with the same equipment or power plants that are now burning fossil fuels 当生物质作为燃料时,释放的C○2与吸收的CO2量相等,因此不会增加 大气中的CO2。它的优势是可以直接用石化燃料设备或发电厂发电。 Biomass is an important source of energy and the most important fuel worldwide after coal, oil and natural gas. Traditional use of biomass is more than its use in modern application In the developed world biomass is again becoming important for applications such as combined heat and power generation. In addition, biomass energy is gaining significance as a source of clean heat for domestic heating and community heating applications 生物质是一种重要的能源,是煤炭、石油和天然气之后的最重要燃料 传统的使用比现代使用的多。在发展中国家生物质再吃被用来联合加热 和发电。另外,生物质能作为清洁热源被用于家庭和社区供热而引起重 视
Overview about biomass 生物质综述 • Biomass does not add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere as it absorbs the same amount of carbon in growing as it releases when consumed as a fuel. Its advantage is that it can be used to generate electricity with the same equipment or power plants that are now burning fossil fuels. • 当生物质作为燃料时，释放的CO2与吸收的CO2量相等，因此不会增加 大气中的CO2。它的优势是可以直接用石化燃料设备或发电厂发电。 • Biomass is an important source of energy and the most important fuel worldwide after coal, oil and natural gas. Traditional use of biomass is more than its use in modern application. In the developed world biomass is again becoming important for applications such as combined heat and power generation. In addition, biomass energy is gaining significance as a source of clean heat for domestic heating and community heating applications. • 生物质是一种重要的能源，是煤炭、石油和天然气之后的最重要燃料。 传统的使用比现代使用的多。在发展中国家生物质再吃被用来联合加热 和发电。另外，生物质能作为清洁热源被用于家庭和社区供热而引起重 视
What is biogenous waste? 什么是产生生命的废物 ard waste 庭院废物 Grass, tree clippings 草,剪下的树枝等 Mixed plant remainders 混合的植物残留物 Mixed garden waste 混合的花园垃圾 Mowing waste from road banks, leaves 公路上收集的垃圾和叶子
What is biogenous waste? 什么是产生生命的废物 Yard waste 庭院废物 • Grass, tree clippings 草，剪下的树枝等 • Mixed plant remainders 混合的植物残留物 • Mixed garden waste 混合的花园垃圾 • Mowing waste from road banks, leaves 公路上收集的垃圾和叶子
What is biogenous waste? 什么是产生生命的废物 e Houshold waste/resturant waste 家庭垃圾、宾馆垃圾 Vegetable and fruit parings 准备蔬菜和水果后的剩余物 All left-overs from meats (meat, fish, cheese, bread, pasta) 所有的剩饭菜(肉、鱼、奶酪、面包、面食) Tea leaves and coffee grounds including filter paper 茶叶、咖啡残渣,包括滤纸 Balcony and pot plants 盆栽植物 Cut flowers剪下的花 Wool remainders feathers and hair 羊毛残留物、羽毛和头发 Household paper纸张
What is biogenous waste? 什么是产生生命的废物 Houshold waste/resturant waste 家庭垃圾、宾馆垃圾 • Vegetable and fruit parings 准备蔬菜和水果后的剩余物 • All left-overs from meats (meat, fish, cheese, bread, pasta) 所有的剩饭菜（肉、鱼、奶酪、面包、面食） • Tea leaves and coffee grounds, including filter paper 茶叶、咖啡残渣，包括滤纸 • Balcony and pot plants 盆栽植物 • Cut flowers 剪下的花 • Wool remainders, feathers and hair • 羊毛残留物、羽毛和头发 • Household paper 纸张
What is biogenous waste? 什么是产生生命的废物 e Farmwaste and foodprocessing waste 农业垃圾和食品加工产生的垃圾 Liquid manure from cattles, chickens, pigs 畜禽养殖产生的液体粪便 Solid droppings from animal farms 动物农场产生的固体垃圾 Waste from paper and paper board container production 造纸及纸板箱生产产生的垃圾 Fresh sludge( uncontaminated)from municipal wastewater treatment plants 来自市政污水处理厂的没有污染的新鲜污泥 Waste of production from foodindustrie and animal feed production companies 食品工业和动物食品加工厂产生的垃圾 Slattery waste屠宰厂垃圾 Brewery waste酿造厂垃圾
What is biogenous waste? 什么是产生生命的废物 Farmwaste and foodprocessing waste 农业垃圾和食品加工产生的垃圾 • Liquid manure from cattles, chickens, pigs 畜禽养殖产生的液体粪便 • Solid droppings from animal farms 动物农场产生的固体垃圾 • Waste from paper and paper board container production 造纸及纸板箱生产产生的垃圾 • Fresh sludge ( uncontaminated ) from municipal wastewater treatment plants 来自市政污水处理厂的没有污染的新鲜污泥 • Waste of production from foodindustrie and animal feed production companies 食品工业和动物食品加工厂产生的垃圾 • Slautery waste 屠宰厂垃圾 • Brewery waste 酿造厂垃圾
Overview about process 过程综述 What is biogas? BIOGAS Energy with Futu re 什么是沼气 in the natural cycle Sunlight 参 Biogas is a product of Livestock Photosynthesis fermentation( anaerobic process )of organic N material Organic means HO O2 CO substances from plants or Vegetable Fertilizer Manure animal origin and with a waste high content of carbon 沼气是有机原料(厌氧)发 酵的产物。有机的意思是碳 Organic waste Anaerobic 含量很高的植物或动物物质 treatment Biogas Electrical thermal energy The main goal of the fermentation is to produce biogas as a energy source of renewable energy. The main components are methane(CH4, round about 60 % and carbon dioxide( 30-40 % 发酵的主要目的是生产沼气,作为可再生能源。沼气的主要成分是甲烷(约60%) 和CO2(30~40%)
Overview about process 过程综述 What is biogas? 什么是沼气 Biogas is a product of fermentation ( anaerobic process ) of organic material. Organic means substances from plants or animal origin and with a high content of carbon. 沼气是有机原料（厌氧）发 酵的产物。有机的意思是碳 含量很高的植物或动物物质。 The main goal of the fermentation is to produce biogas as a energy source of renewable energy. The main components are methane (CH4 , round about 60 %) and carbon dioxide ( 30-40 %). 发酵的主要目的是生产沼气，作为可再生能源。沼气的主要成分是甲烷（约60％） 和CO2 (30~40%)
Overview about process 过程综述 [ relative Gas production Process temperature 13 过程温度 a The optimum range for the 100 mesophilic strains is 30C- thermophilic 35C. while for the bacteria thermophilic ones it strains reaches50℃60℃ mesophilic 嗜温菌的最佳温度是 bacteria strains 30℃-35℃,嗜热菌的最0 佳温度是50℃-60℃ Fermenter temperature [C ph value pH值 In general the pH value of the fermentation substrate is between slightly acidic(ca pH 6) and slightly alkaline(ca. pH 8) 般情况下,发酵过程的pH值在弱酸性(pH6)和弱碱性(pH8)之间
Overview about process 过程综述 Process temperature 过程温度 The optimum range for the mesophilic strains is 30℃- 35℃,while for the thermophilic ones it reaches 50℃-60℃. 嗜温菌的最佳温度是 30℃-35℃，嗜热菌的最 佳温度是50℃-60℃。 pH value pH值 In general the pH value of the fermentation substrate is between slightly acidic (ca. pH 6) and slightly alkaline (ca. pH 8) 一般情况下，发酵过程的pH值在弱酸性（ pH 6）和弱碱性（ pH 8）之间