
武汉大学Wuhan University第五讲蛋白质组学研究方法和技术2015 -11Laboratoryof plant molecular cytogenetics
Laboratory of plant molecular cytogenetics 第五讲 蛋白质组学研究方法和技术 2015-11

武汉大学基本概念Wuhan University1.基因组(Genome):单倍体细胞核、细胞器或病毒粒子所含的全部DNA或RNA。真核细胞基因组:指一个物种的单倍体染色体组上所含有的一整套基因。真核生物细胞器中叶绿体DNA一→叶绿体基因组;线粒体DNA一→线粒体基因组。原核生物其环状DNA分子上所含有的基因为一个基因组。Laboratoryof plant molecular cytogenetics
Laboratory of plant molecular cytogenetics 一 基本概念 1. 基因组(Genome):单倍体细胞核、细胞器或病毒粒子 所含的全部DNA或RNA。 真核细胞基因组:指一个物种的单倍体染色体组上所含 有的一整套基因。 真核生物细胞器中叶绿体DNA→叶绿体基因组; 线粒体DNA→线粒体基因组。 原核生物其环状DNA分子上所含有的基因为一个基因组

武汉大学Wuhan University2|基因组学(Genomics):研究生物体基因组的组成、结构与功能的学科。·结构基因组学(structure genomics):研究基因组的结构并构建高分辨的遗传图、物理图、序列图和转录图以及蛋白质组成与结构的学科·功能基因组学(functionalgenomics):利用结构基因组学研究所得到的各种信息在基因组水平上研究编码序列及非编码序列生物学功能的学科。Laboratoryof plant molecular cytogenetics
Laboratory of plant molecular cytogenetics 2 基因组学(Genomics):研究生物体基因组的 组成、结构与功能的学科。 • 结构基因组学(structure genomics):研究 基因组的结构并构建高分辨的遗传图、物理图、 序列图和转录图以及蛋白质组成与结构的学科。 • 功能基因组学(functional genomics): 利用结构基因组学研究所得到的各种信息在基 因组水平上研究编码序列及非编码序列生物学 功能的学科

武汉大学Wuhan University3蛋白质组(proteome):PROTEOME is the PROTEins expressed by agenOME or a tissue.由一个细胞的基因组所表达的全部相应的蛋白质:或某种细胞或组织的基因组中表达的所有蛋白质。功能蛋白质组(functionalproteome):细胞在一定阶段或与某一生理现象相关的所有蛋白质。4 蛋白质组学(proteomics):研究细胞内全部蛋白质(蛋白质组)的组成、结构与功能的学科。Laboratoryofplant molecular cytogenetics
Laboratory of plant molecular cytogenetics 3 蛋白质组(proteome): PROTEOME is the PROTEins expressed by a genOME or a tissue. 由一个细胞的基因组所表达的全部相应的蛋白质; 或某种细胞或组织的基因组中表达的所有蛋白质。 •功能蛋白质组(functional proteome):细胞在 一定阶段或与某一生理现象相关的所有蛋白质。 4 蛋白质组学(proteomics):研究细胞内全 部蛋白质(蛋白质组)的组成、结构与功能的学科

The emergence of proteomics武汉大学Historical reviewforproteomicschip-basedapproachesmass spectrometrycomplexmixtureanalysisLC-MS(/MS)2Dgelelectrophoresisproteomicstme19751990199419962002algorithmsnucleotidesequencinggeneticapproachesESTs/genomescale19811987199019582000业MALDIMALDI-TOFlonizationtechnologyESIESI-MS/MSFastatombombardment(FAB)PeptidesequenceanalysisBiomoleculeanalysisProtein2-DEanalysisComputer science(Swiss-Prot.PC/GENE.GCG.NCBILaboratoryofplant molecular cytogenetics
Laboratory of plant molecular cytogenetics The emergence of proteomics With the rapid advances in protein analytical technologies, fueled by the addition of mass spectrometry, sequence databases and database search tools, in the early 1990s it became possible for protein chemists to identify and to examine the expression of many, if not all, of the proteins resolvable by 2DE, and the possibility for large-scale protein studies seemed attainable . It was in this context that in 1994, at the first 2DE meeting in Siena Italy, the term “proteome” was coined. The proteome was defined as the protein complement of the genome , and the process of studying the proteome became known as “proteomics”

Proteomics and the ProteomeCentralDogmainmacroscopioDNAGenomeTranscriptionTranscriptomeRNATranslationProteomeProteinMetabolomeFunctionJuangRH(2006)ProteomicsGHUaLOCYLUHEIIeLI
Laboratory of plant molecular cytogenetics

武汉大学GenomeDNATranscriptionalcontrolFigure1.OverviewofthetransferofinformationfromthesequenceinthegenestothefunctioningRNAeditingcontrolNUCLEUSCYTOSOLPre-mRHAnaatuemRAproteinsofthecell (thecentral dogma)withthepossible control mechanismsindicated.AgeneRNA(DNAred)istranscribed(step1)topre-mRNAmRNAdegradationproccessingcontrolthatmaybeedited(step2)andthenprocessedcontrol(step3)toonemRNAorbyaltemativesplicingtoTranscriptomeFRNAMENAEFRNAseveral foms of mRNAs (blue)The mRNAs0RNA transportaretransported(step4)outofthenucleustothecontrolcytosol.In the cytosol,the mRNA may bedegraded(step5),ortranslated(step 6)intoprotein (green).Protein activity is controlledmRNA(step7).Proteinsmaybesynthesizedasinactivetranslationaforms that are later reversiblyorirreversiblycontrolactivatedor,altematively,theymaybesynthePhysiologiceffectsizedasactiveproteinsthatarelaterinactivatedProteins are the ultimate operating moleculesacies.motProteinproducingthephysiologiceffect(step8)invirtuallyactivitProteomecontroprotaneverymechanisminthe cell.Reprintedwithpermission fromHonore B & Ostergaard MIraciverroteliTranscriptomics andproteomics:integration?Nature Encyclopedia of the Human Genome,Vol.5,579-584(2003)NaturePublishingGroupLaboratory of plant molecular cytogenetics
Laboratory of plant molecular cytogenetics Transcriptional control RNA editing control RNA proccessing control mRNA degradation control RNA transport control mRNA translationa l control Protein activity control Physiologic effect

与基因组的关系Genome sequenceTranscriptionalcontrolGENOMICSmRNATranslational controlPrimaryproteinproductsPROTEOMICSPost-translationalcontrolFunctionalproteinproductsDetermination of geneeJainpharmaBiotechLaboratoryofplant molecular cytogenetics
Laboratory of plant molecular cytogenetics 与基因组的关系

与功能基因组的关系FUNCTIONALGENOMICSPROTEOMICSDNA isolation& cloningProteinfractionationSequencing2-DELECTROPHORESISMutationGeneProteinPost-identificationanalysisexpressiontranslationalmodificationHigh-throughput&RoboticseJainPharmaBiotechLaboratory of plant molecular cytogenetics
Laboratory of plant molecular cytogenetics 与功能基因组的关系

武汉大学Wuhan University与传统蛋白质研究的区别个体→→ 整体分析静态性质→→比较动态变化孤立个体→→ 相互作用结构→→ 功能小规模、非连续→→高通量、自动化Laboratory of plant molecular cytogenetics
Laboratory of plant molecular cytogenetics 与传统蛋白质研究的区别 n 个体→→ 整体 n 分析静态性质→→ 比较动态变化 n 孤立个体→→ 相互作用 n 结构→→ 功能 n 小规模、非连续→→ 高通量、自动化