International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers-1 FILMS FOURTH EDITION EDITORS TOM PENDERGAST SARA PENDERGAST ST JAMES PRESS ANIMPHINT OF THE GALE GHOUP DETROIT NEW YORK.SAN FRANCISCO
International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers- 1 FILMS FOURTH EDITION EDITORS TOM PENDERGAST SARA PENDERGAST
International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers-1 FILMS
International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers-1 FILMS
nternational Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers Volume I FILMS Volume 2 DIRECTORS Volume 3 ACtoRS and ACTresseS Volume 4 WRITERS and PRODUCTION ARTISTS
International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers Volume 1 FILMS Volume 2 DIRECTORS Volume 3 ACTORS and ACTRESSES Volume 4 WRITERS and PRODUCTION ARTISTS
TomPendergast,SaraPendergast,Editors Michael J. Tyrkus, Project Coordinator Michelle Banks, Erin Bealmear, Laura Standley Berger, Joann Cerrito, Jim Craddock, Steve Cusack, Nicolet V. Elert, Miranda H. Ferrara, Kristin Hart Melissa Hill, Laura S Kryhoski, Margaret Mazurkiewicz, Carol Schwartz, and Christine Tomassini, St James Press Staff Maria Franklin, Permissions Manager Debra J. Freitas. Permissions assistant Mary grimes, Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Image Catalogers Mary Beth Trimper, Composition Manager Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager Rhonda williams. Senior Buver Cynthia Baldwin, Product Design Manager Michael Logusz, Graphic Artist Randy bassett, Image Database Supervisor Robert duncan, Imaging Specialists Pamela A. Reed, Imaging Coordinator Dean Dauphinais, Senior Editor, Imaging and Multimedia Conter While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information prese this publication, St James Press does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. St James Press accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion of an organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. rrors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future This publicatie eative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, a fair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factu material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the informatior All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended opyright 6 2000 Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International dictionary of films and filmmakers /editors, Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast.-4th ed p. cm. Contents: 1. Films-2 Directors--3. Actors and actresses-4. Writers and production artists ISBN1-55862-449X(set)-ISBN1-55862-450-3(V.1)-ISBN1-55862-451-1(v.2) ISBN1-55862-452-X(v.3)—ISBN1-55862-453-8(V.4) 1. Motion pictures--Plots, themes, etc. 2. Motion picture producers and directors-Biography- Dictionaries. 3. Motion picture actors and actresses-Biography-Dictionaries. 4. Screenwriters- Biography-Dictionaries. I. Pendergast, Tom. Il Pendergast, Sara. PN99781582000 791.4303-dc2100-064024 CI Cover photograph--Louise Brooks in Die Biichse der Pandora, courtesy the Kobal Collection Printed in the United States of america St James Press is an imprint of Gale Group Gale Group and Design is a trademark used herein under license 10987654321
Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast, Editors Michael J. Tyrkus, Project Coordinator Michelle Banks, Erin Bealmear, Laura Standley Berger, Joann Cerrito, Jim Craddock, Steve Cusack, Nicolet V. Elert, Miranda H. Ferrara, Kristin Hart, Melissa Hill, Laura S. Kryhoski, Margaret Mazurkiewicz, Carol Schwartz, and Christine Tomassini, St. James Press Staff Peter M. Gareffa, Managing Editor Maria Franklin, Permissions Manager Debra J. Freitas, Permissions Assistant Mary Grimes, Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Image Catalogers Mary Beth Trimper, Composition Manager Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager Rhonda Williams, Senior Buyer Cynthia Baldwin, Product Design Manager Michael Logusz, Graphic Artist Randy Bassett, Image Database Supervisor Robert Duncan, Imaging Specialists Pamela A. Reed, Imaging Coordinator Dean Dauphinais, Senior Editor, Imaging and Multimedia Content While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, St. James Press does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. St. James Press accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions. This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended. Copyright © 2000 St. James Press 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International dictionary of films and filmmakers / editors, Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast.—4th ed. p. cm. Contents: 1. Films — 2. Directors — 3. Actors and actresses — 4. Writers and production artists. ISBN 1-55862-449-X (set) — ISBN 1-55862-450-3 (v. 1) — ISBN 1-55862-451-1 (v. 2) — ISBN 1-55862-452-X (v. 3) — ISBN 1-55862-453-8 (v. 4) 1. Motion pictures—Plots, themes, etc. 2. Motion picture producers and directors—Biography— Dictionaries. 3. Motion picture actors and actresses—Biography—Dictionaries. 4. Screenwriters— Biography—Dictionaries. I. Pendergast, Tom. II. Pendergast, Sara. PN1997.8.I58 2000 791.43’03—dc2100-064024 CIP Cover photograph—Louise Brooks in Die Büchse der Pandora, courtesy the Kobal Collection Printed in the United States of America St. James Press is an imprint of Gale Group Gale Group and Design is a trademark used herein under license 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS EDITORS NOTE BOARD OF ADVISERS CONTRIBUTORS LIST OF FILMS Xlll FILMS PICTURE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 365 NOTES ON ADVISERS AND CONTRIBUTORS 1369 LIST OF FILMS BY DIRECTOR 1383 GEOGRAPHIC INDE入 393 NAME INDEX 1401
CONTENTS EDITORS’ NOTE vii BOARD OF ADVISERS ix CONTRIBUTORS xi LIST OF FILMS xiii FILMS 1 PICTURE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1365 NOTES ON ADVISERS AND CONTRIBUTORS 1369 LIST OF FILMS BY DIRECTOR 1383 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX 1393 NAME INDEX 1401
EDITORS’NOTE This is a revised edition of the lst volume of the International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers, which also includes Volume 2, 72 entries new to this edition. Each entry contains production information, lists of crew and cast, a selected bibliography of works about the film, and a critical essay written by a specialist in the field. Most of the entries from the previous edition have been retained ere, and all have been thoroughly updated. Since film is primarily a visual medium, the majority of entries are illustrated with a still The selection of entries is once again based on the recommendations of the advisory board. It was not thought necessary to propose strict criteria for selection: the book is intended to represent the wide range of interests within North American, British, and West uropean film scholarship and criticism. The variety in both the entries and the critical stances of the writers emphasizes the diversity within the field of cinematic studies Thanks are due to the following: Nicolet V. Elert and Michael J. Tyrkus at St James Press, for their efforts in preparing this collection for publication; Michael Najjar, for his tireless efforts in researching the entries: our advisers, for their wisdom and broad knowledge of international cinema; and our contributors, for their gracious participation. We have necessarily built upon the work of the editors who have preceded us, and we thank them for the strong foundation they created A Note on the entries Non-English language film titles are given in the original language or a transliteration of it, unless they are better known internationally by their English title. The country or countries where the film originated is provided along with the year it was registered and the director. The section on production information can include such details as production company, film stock, format, running time, sound type, length, date and location of release, dates and location of filming, and cost. The list of crew members identifies the major participants in the making of the film, but is not exhaustive. Similarly, the list of cast members indicates the major players in the im, but may not account for all minor roles. Finally, the awards section lists major awards garnered by the film, its creators, and its leading actors
vii EDITORS’ NOTE This is a revised edition of the 1st volume of the International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers, which also includes Volume 2, Directors, Volume 3, Actors and Actresses, and Volume 4, Writers and Production Artists. The book contains 683 entries, including 72 entries new to this edition. Each entry contains production information, lists of crew and cast, a selected bibliography of works about the film, and a critical essay written by a specialist in the field. Most of the entries from the previous edition have been retained here, and all have been thoroughly updated. Since film is primarily a visual medium, the majority of entries are illustrated with a still. The selection of entries is once again based on the recommendations of the advisory board. It was not thought necessary to propose strict criteria for selection: the book is intended to represent the wide range of interests within North American, British, and West European film scholarship and criticism. The variety in both the entries and the critical stances of the writers emphasizes the diversity within the field of cinematic studies. Thanks are due to the following: Nicolet V. Elert and Michael J. Tyrkus at St. James Press, for their efforts in preparing this collection for publication; Michael Najjar, for his tireless efforts in researching the entries; our advisers, for their wisdom and broad knowledge of international cinema; and our contributors, for their gracious participation. We have necessarily built upon the work of the editors who have preceded us, and we thank them for the strong foundation they created. A Note on the Entries Non-English language film titles are given in the original language or a transliteration of it, unless they are better known internationally by their English title. The country or countries where the film originated is provided along with the year it was registered and the director. The section on production information can include such details as production company, film stock, format, running time, sound type, length, date and location of release, dates and location of filming, and cost. The list of crew members identifies the major participants in the making of the film, but is not exhaustive. Similarly, the list of cast members indicates the major players in the film, but may not account for all minor roles. Finally, the awards section lists major awards garnered by the film, its creators, and its leading actors
BOARD OF ADVISERS Dudley Andrew Robyn Karney Jeanine basinger atti Khanna Susan K. larsen hn Campbel Lewis cole lb mey T McCluskey Gary Morri Robert von dassanowsk Dan nissen Mike Downey Julian petley Jack C. ellis Dana b. polan Susan Felleman Don ranvaud Beat glur aul shields Rajko grli Nicholas Thomas John Hopewell Frank p tomasulo Andrew horton Leonardo garcia tsao Srdjan Karanovic Aruna vasudevan
ix BOARD OF ADVISERS Dudley Andrew Erik Barnouw Jeanine Basinger Ronald Bergan John Campbell Lewis Cole Gary Crowdus Robert von Dassanowsky Mike Downey John Durie Jack C. Ellis Susan Felleman Ben Gibson Beat Glur Rajko Grlic John Hopewell Andrew Horton Srdjan Karanović Robyn Karney Philip Kemp Satti Khanna Susan K. Larsen Audrey T. McCluskey Ib Monty Gary Morris Dan Nissen Julian Petley Christopher Pickard Dana B. Polan Don Ranvaud Tony Rayns Paul Shields Nicholas Thomas Frank P. Tomasulo Leonardo Garcia Tsao Aruna Vasudevan
CONTRIBUTORS Charles affront Viveca Gretton Liam O'Leary Mirella Jona Affront Tom Orman nony Ambrogio Patricia King hanson Kelly otter Dudley Andrew Stephen L. Hanson R. Barton palmer Roy Armes Ann harris Sylvia Paskin Dimitar Bardarsky Louise heck-Rabi Hannah patters Erik barnouw Patrick heenan Richard pena Jeanine basinger Catherine henry Kris percival John baxter Andrew hi Sandra L. beck John Hil Duncan Petrie Audie bock Kyoko Hirano Gene D. Phillips De witt bodeen Deborah h. Holste Ronald bowers Andrew horton Marion Pilowsky Stephen E. Bowles Peter hutchings Michael Brashinsky Dina yordanova Dana b. polan Stephen Brophy Nick James Richard Porton Timothy Johnson Lauren rabinovitz Stuart M. Kaminsky Maria rache Scarlet Cheng Ashish Rajadhyaksha Julie Christensen Dave kehr Herbert Reynolds Michel ciment Philip Kemp Arthur g. robson Tom Conle atti Khanna Sara Corben de romero David A Cook Tammy Kinsey Jonathan Romney Samantha Cook Katherine Singer kovacs Chris routledge R. F Cousins Audrey E Kupferberg Elliot Rubenstein Thomas Cripps Monique Lamontagne larie sachi Dassanowsky Joseph Lanza Gertraud Steiner Day Daniel leab Stephanie Savage Pamala S. Deane Sharon lee Curtis schade Sara corben de romeo James L Limbacher Susana schild Charles derry Richard Lippe Steven Schneider Kimball Lockhart H. Wayne Schuth Rashmi Doraiswamy Janet e. lorenz Michael Selis Glenn lovell Lee sellars Clyde Kelly Dunagan Ed Lowry Ella shochat Robert dunbar Richard Dyer MacCann Robert sickels Raymond Durgnat Andrew and Gina macdonald Ulrike Sie G. C. Macnab Charles l. P. silet Jane ehrlic Elaine mancini Scott simmon Roger manvell P. Adams Sitney Gretchen elsner -Sommer Gina marchetti Josef Skvorecky Patricia erens Gerald mast Anthony Slide Thomas L Erskine Donald w. Mc Caffrey Edward s. small lark w. estrin John McCarty rIc shootin Tamara L. Falicov Joseph McElhaney Thomas Snyder Greg s. faller Vaclav Merhaut Rodney Farnsworth Russell merritt hilip Strick Howard Feinstein Lloyd Michaels Bob sully Susan Felleman Joseph Milicia Susan tavernetti Annette Fern Norman Miller Stephen Teo Ib Monty Doug tomlinson Barry A Fulks Donald R. Mott Lee tsiantis John mraz Andrew Tudor Tina gianoul Robert Murphy Michael J. Tyrkus William T. Murphy B. Urgosikova Ralph Anthony Valdez H M. Glancy Ravi vasudeva Val goloysko Kim Newman Ginette vincendeau Douglas gomery Dan nissen Iris vakulenko Linda j. obalil William C. Wees
xi CONTRIBUTORS Charles Affron Mirella Jona Affron Anthony Ambrogio Dudley Andrew Roy Armes Dimitar Bardarsky Erik Barnouw Jeanine Basinger John Baxter Sandra L. Beck Audie Bock DeWitt Bodeen Ronald Bowers Stephen E. Bowles Michael Brashinsky Stephen Brophy Julianne Burton Fred Camper Scarlet Cheng Julie Christensen Michel Ciment Tom Conley David A. Cook Samantha Cook R. F. Cousins Thomas Cripps Robert von Dassanowsky Gertraud Steiner Daviau Pamala S. Deane Sara Corben De Romeo Charles Derry Wheeler Winston Dixon Rashmi Doraiswamy Mike Downey Clyde Kelly Dunagan Robert Dunbar Raymond Durgnat Rob Edelman Jane Ehrlich Jack C. Ellis Gretchen Elsner-Sommer Patricia Erens Thomas L. Erskine Mark W. Estrin Tamara L. Falicov Greg S. Faller Rodney Farnsworth Howard Feinstein Susan Felleman Annette Fern Warren French Barry A. Fulks Dan Georgakas Tina Gianoulis Jill Gillespie Verina Glaessner H. M. Glancy Val Golovskoy Douglas Gomery Joseph A. Gomez Viveca Gretton Josef Gugler Patricia King Hanson Stephen L. Hanson Ann Harris Louise Heck-Rabi Patrick Heenan Catherine Henry Andrew Higson John Hill Kyoko Hirano Deborah H. Holdstein Andrew Horton Peter Hutchings Dina Iordanova Nick James Timothy Johnson Stuart M. Kaminsky Joel E. Kanoff Dave Kehr Philip Kemp Satti Khanna Tammy Kinsey Katherine Singer Kovács Audrey E. Kupferberg Monique Lamontagne Joseph Lanza Daniel Leab Sharon Lee James L. Limbacher Richard Lippe Kimball Lockhart Janet E. Lorenz Glenn Lovell Ed Lowry Richard Dyer MacCann Andrew and Gina Macdonald G. C. Macnab Elaine Mancini Roger Manvell Gina Marchetti Gerald Mast Donald W. McCaffrey John McCarty Joseph McElhaney Vacláv Merhaut Russell Merritt Lloyd Michaels Joseph Milicia Norman Miller Ib Monty Donald R. Mott John Mraz Robert Murphy William T. Murphy Ray Narducy Dennis Nastav Kim Newman Dan Nissen Linda J. Obalil Liam O’Leary Tom Orman Kelly Otter R. Barton Palmer Sylvia Paskin Hannah Patterson Richard Peña Kris Percival Julian Petley Duncan Petrie Gene D. Phillips A. Pillai Marion Pilowsky Leland Poague Dana B. Polan Richard Porton Lauren Rabinovitz Maria Racheva Ashish Rajadhyaksha Herbert Reynolds Arthur G. Robson Sara Corben de Romero Jonathan Romney Chris Routledge Elliot Rubenstein Marie Saeli Barbara Salvage Stephanie Savage Curtis Schade Susana Schild Steven Schneider H. Wayne Schuth Michael Selig Lee Sellars Ella Shochat Robert Sickels Ulrike Sieglohr Charles L. P. Silet Scott Simmon P. Adams Sitney Josef Škvorecký Anthony Slide Edward S. Small Eric Smoodin Thomas Snyder Cecile Starr Philip Strick Bob Sullivan Susan Tavernetti Stephen Teo Doug Tomlinson Lee Tsiantis Andrew Tudor Michael J. Tyrkus B. Urgošíkova Ralph Anthony Valdez Ravi Vasudevan Ginette Vincendeau Iris Wakulenko William C. Wees
CONTRIBUTORS FILMS. 4t EDItIoN Paul well James michael Welsh Dennis West M. B. White Daniel williams Robert winning Robin wood Denise J. Youngblood
CONTRIBUTORS FILMS, 4th EDITION xii Paul Wells James Michael Welsh Dennis West M. B. White Daniel Williams Robert Winning Robin Wood Denise J. Youngblood
LIST OF FILMS a bout de souffle La belle et la bete A nous la liberte Berlin: Die Sinfonie der grossstadt A propos de nice The best Years of our lives Adam’sRib Bharat Mata The Adventures of Robin hood The African Queen The big heat der zorn gottes The Big Sleep heng zhuan Ai no corrida The Birth of a nation Akaler sandan Biruma no tategoto Akasen chitai L' Albero degli zoccoli Black Sunday Alexander Nevsky Blackmail All about Eve Blade runner All Quiet on the Western Front The blair Witch Project All That Heaven Allows Der blaue engel All the Kings men e Alphaville Die bleierne Zeit Blow-Up L' America The Blue Lamp merican Beauty Blue velvet American graffiti An American in Paris Der Amerikanische freund Le boucher Amor de perdic&tilda:o Boudu sauve des eaux And Life goes On Brazil Andrei rublev Breakfast at Tiffanys Angi vera reaking the waves Angst essen Seele auf The bride of frankenstein L'Annee derniere a marienbad Annie hall Up Baby Anticipation of the Night Antonio das mortes Bronenosets potemkin The Apartment Die buchse der pandora Apocalypse Now The Apu Trilogy n Buono. il brutto. il cattivo Aranyer din Ratri ByeBye Brasil L Arroseur arros Arsenal The Asphalt Jungle C山cn luta degli L'Avventura Casablanca Casino royale Bab el hadid Casque d'or Babettes gaestebud (1942) Badlands Celine et Julie vont en bateau: Phantom Ladies Over Paris Central do brasil Cera una volta il west C'est arrive pres de chez vous Banshun El Chacal de nahueltore Le Chagrin et la pitie La bataille du rail Chapayev La Batalla de Chile: la lucha de un pueblo sin armas hapeau de paille d'italie La battaglia di algeri Le charme discret de la bourgeoisie Becky Sharp Charulata Belle de jour Chelovek s kinoapparatom
xiii LIST OF FILMS A bout de souffle A nous la liberté A propos de Nice Accattone Adam’s Rib The Adventures of Robin Hood The African Queen L’Age d’or Aguirre, der Zorn Gottes Ahfei zheng zhuan Ai no corrida Akaler sandhane Akasen chitai L’Albero degli zoccoli Alexander Nevsky All about Eve All Quiet on the Western Front All That Heaven Allows All the King’s Men Alphaville Alsino y el Condor L’America American Beauty American Graffiti An American in Paris Der Amerikanische freund Amor de perdic&atilda;o And Life Goes On Andrei Rublev Angi Vera Angst essen Seele auf L’Année dernière à Marienbad Annie Hall Anticipation of the Night Antônio das Mortes The Apartment Apocalypse Now The Apu Trilogy Aranyer din Ratri L’Argent L’Arroseur arrosé Arsenal The Asphalt Jungle L’Atalante L’Avventura Awara Ba wang bie ji Bab el hadid Babettes Gaestebud Badlands Balada o soldate Le Ballet mécanique The Band Wagon Banshun Baron Prasil La Bataille du rail La Batalla de Chile: la lucha de un pueblo sin armas La Battaglia di Algeri Becky Sharp Belle de jour La Belle et la bête Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Grossstadt The Best Years of Our Lives La Bête humaine Bharat Mata Bhumika The Big Heat The Big Parade The Big Sleep The Birds The Birth of a Nation Biruma no tategoto Black Narcissus Black Sunday Blackmail Blade Runner The Blair Witch Project Der Blaue Engel Die Blechtrommel Die Bleierne Zeit Blow-Up The Blue Lamp Blue Velvet Bonnie and Clyde Das Boot Le Boucher Boudu sauvé des eaux Brazil Breakfast at Tiffany’s Breaking the Waves The Bride of Frankenstein Brief Encounter Bringing Up Baby Broken Blossoms Bronenosets Potemkin Die Büchse der Pandora Budjenje pacova Il Buono, il brutto, il cattivo Bye Bye Brasil Cabaret Cabiria La Caduta degli dei Camille O Cangaceiro Le Carrosse d’or Casablanca Casino Royale Casque d’or Cat People (1942) Celine et Julie vont en bateau: Phantom Ladies Over Paris Central do Brasil C’era una volta il west C’est arrivé près de chez vous El Chacal de Nahueltoro Le Chagrin et la pitié Chapayev Un Chapeau de paille d’Italie Le Charme discrèt de la bourgeoisie Charulata Chelovek s kinoapparatom