Renal Insufficiency Ird ld
Renal Insufficiency
To be a great champion you must believe you are the best If you're not, pretend you are.…!” Muhammad ali
“To be a great champion you must believe you are the best. If you’re not, pretend you are….!” – Muhammad Ali
TOPICS Introduction Acute renal failure Chronic renal failure Uremia
TOPICS • Introduction • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Uremia
Functions of kidney The kidneys are a pair of small organs that lie on either side of your spine at about waist level. They act as filters that keep your blood free of by-products and toxins The kidneys excrete these compounds with water to make urine They also eliminate excess body water while selectively reabsorbing useful chemicals and allowing waste to pass freely into the bladder as urine They allow you to continue to consume a variety of foods, drugs, vitamins and supplements, additives, and excess fluids without worry that toxic by-products will build up to harmful levels
Functions of kidney • The kidneys excrete these compounds with water to make urine. • They also eliminate excess body water while selectively reabsorbing useful chemicals and allowing waste to pass freely into the bladder as urine. • They allow you to continue to consume a variety of foods, drugs, vitamins and supplements, additives, and excess fluids without worry that toxic by-products will build up to harmful levels. The kidneys are a pair of small organs that lie on either side of your spine at about waist level. They act as filters that keep your blood free of by-products and toxins
The kidneys play an essential role in maintaining electrolyte and acid-base balance They produce some hormones including renin prostaglandins, erythropoietin, and active vitamin D So, they are crucial in the regulation of blood pressure, formation of matured red blood cells, and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus
• The kidneys play an essential role in maintaining electrolyte and acid-base balance. • They produce some hormones including renin, prostaglandins, erythropoietin, and active vitamin D. • So, they are crucial in the regulation of blood pressure, formation of matured red blood cells, and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus
Functions of the Kidney Waste excretion Electrolyte balance Fluid balance Osmolality Hormone production
Functions of the Kidney • Waste excretion • Electrolyte balance • Fluid balance • pH • Osmolality • Hormone production
Anatomy of Kidney Nephron
Anatomy of Kidney
NEPHRON STRUCTURE Proximal Glomerulus, Glomerular, Efferent,Afferent involuted capsule arteriole/ arteriole tubule BC Distal TCT convoluted tubule UCI Interlobular vein To renal ein Fror Interlobular ter artery Peritubular sending Nephron loop LOOP OH Collecting Ascending duct HENLE
Manifestation of renal dysfunction o Glomerulus decreased GER glomerular filtration membrane permeability alteration o Renal tubule concentrative function decline(hyposthennuria/isosthenuria water, electrolyte acid-base disorder others o Endocrine disorder hypertension. anemia. renal osteodystrophy others
Manifestation of renal dysfunction Glomerulus · decreased GFR · glomerular filtration membrane permeability alteration Renal tubule · concentrative function decline (hyposthennuria/isosthennuria) · water, electrolyte, acid-base disorder · others Endocrine disorder · hypertension · anemia · renal osteodystrophy · others
体内VtD2的代谢过程 紫外线25-羟化醇 1a-羟化醇 7-影氢胆固醇VtD325(OH)VitD31.25-(oH)2ViD3 (皮肤)(肝微粒体)(肾线粒体)
体内VitD3的代谢过程 紫外线 25-羟化酶 1α-羟化酶 7-脱氢胆固醇 VitD3 25-(OH)VitD3 1,25-(OH) 2VitD3 （皮肤） （肝微粒体） （肾线粒体）