弥散性血管内凝血 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (D|C)
弥散性血管内凝血 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Concept Concept DC是一种继发性的,以广泛微血栓形成并相继出现止、凝血功 能障碍为病理特征的临床综合症。 DIC is a pathological syndrome that results from the disturbance of kinetic balance of coagulation and fibrinolytic processes It is characterized by the activation of the coagulation system with resultant consumption of a variety of coagulation proteins and platelets, which results in hemorrhagic diathesis and ischemic injury to various tissues 【 Change of basic pathology】 A Key changes 凝血酶大量产生,引起凝血抗凝血功能平衡紊乱
【Change of basic pathology 】 Key changes 凝血酶大量产生,引起凝血-抗凝血功能平衡紊乱。 DIC是一种继发性的,以广泛微血栓形成并相继出现止、凝血功 能障碍为病理特征的临床综合症。 DIC is a pathological syndrome that results from the disturbance of kinetic balance of coagulation and fibrinolytic processes. It is characterized by the activation of the coagulation system with resultant consumption of a variety of coagulation proteins and platelets, which results in hemorrhagic diathesis and ischemic injury to various tissues. Concept Concept
Concept A Pathological process 高凝状态( Hypercoagulable state)是由于某些致病因子的作 用,大量促凝物质入血,凝血因子和血小板被激活,凝血酶增加, 微循环中形成广泛微血栓( despread microvascular thrombosis)。 低凝状态( Hypocoagulable state)是由于微血栓形成中消耗了大 量凝血因子、血小板和继发性纤维蛋白溶解功能增强导致的。 A Pathological features 出血、多系统器官功能障碍、休克和微血管病性溶血性贫血
低凝状态(Hypocoagulable state)是由于微血栓形成中消耗了大 量凝血因子、血小板和继发性纤维蛋白溶解功能增强导致的 。 Pathological process 高凝状态(Hypercoagulable state)是由于某些致病因子的作 用,大量促凝物质入血,凝血因子和血小板被激活,凝血酶增加, 微循环中形成广泛微血栓(Widespread microvascularthrombosis)。 Pathological features 出血、多系统器官功能障碍、休克和微血管病性溶血性贫血。 Concept
Cause Condition associated with DIC 1.基础疾病( Basic disease)病因 Table 1 clinical conditions associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation Condition Causes Sepsis or severe infection Potentially any micro-organis m, including severe acute respiratory syndrome Trauma Serious tissue injury Head injury Fat embolism Organ destruction Severe pancreatitis Malignancy Solid tumours Haematological ma lignancies ( for example, acute promyelocytic leukaemia obstetrical calamities Placental abruption Amniotic fluid embolism Vascu bar abnor malities Giant haemangiomas (Kasabach-Merr it syndrome Large vessel aneurysms (for eample, aortic Hepatic failure Severe toxic or immunological reactions Snake bites Recreational drugs Severe transfusion reactions Transplant rejection
1. 基础疾病(Basic disease) 病因 Condition associated with DIC Cause
Cause 2.触发因素( Triggering factor) 所谓的触发因素是指按DC的发病机制进行分类。 ▲组织损伤; ▲VEC损伤; ▲细菌内毒素; ▲抗原抗体(C)复合物; ▲蛋白水解酶类; ▲颗粒或胶体物质; ▲病毒或其它病原微生物▲其它因素导致DC
2. 触发因素(Triggering factor) 所谓的触发因素是指按DIC的发病机制进行分类。 ▲组织损伤; ▲VEC损伤; ▲细菌内毒素; ▲抗原−抗体(IC)复合物; ▲蛋白水解酶类; ▲颗粒或胶体物质; ▲病毒或其它病原微生物 ▲其它因素导致DIC。 Cause
正常纤溶过程和PC系统 Normal hematostasis, fibrinolysis and PC system Blood oagulation PK Intrinsic pathway Ⅻ Kla Extrinsic pathway 胶原HK 选择通路「TF ⅦI Ca2+ Ⅸa Ⅸ 传统通路(大量) PL+Ca2+ ....TFPI V XIII PL+Ca2+Ca2lXa、aa F1+2 XIlla AT Ⅱ Ca2 FPA/FPB Fbg FM
AT × × × × × × TFPI (-) 正常纤溶过程和PC系统 Normal hematostasis, fibrinolysis and PC system K PK Ⅻa 胶原 HK Ⅹa Ⅻ Ⅻa 选择通路 TF Ⅺ Ⅺa Ⅶa Ⅶ Ca2+ Ca2+ Ⅸ Ⅸ Ⅷ 传统通路(大量) Ⅹ Ⅹ Ⅴ ⅩⅢ Ca2+ Ⅹa、Ⅱa F1+2 ⅩⅢa Ⅱa Ⅱ Ca2+ FPA/FPB Fbg FM Fbn Intrinsic pathway Extrinsic pathway Ⅹa Ⅴa PL+Ca2+ Ⅸa Ⅷa PL+Ca2+ ( 少量) Blood oagulation
态 Fibrinolytic process PIg(plasminogen) PAl 1)外激活途径:tPA U-PA 2)内激活途径:Ⅻa、ⅪIa、Ⅱa、KK 3)外源激活物途径:各种药物治疗 ax2-AP+Pn→ PAP PIn PIn(plasmin) Fbg/Fbn D,E(E degrades A o极附属物 (D-dimer (A、B、C、H) Fbg降解产生的(A,B,C,H)、X、Y、D、E片段称FgDP; ■Fbn降解产生的X、Y、D、E和D二聚体称FDP
PAI (-) 2 -AP + PAP ■Fbg降解产生的(A,B,C,H)、X、Y、D、E片段称FgDP; ■ Fbn降解产生的X`、Y`、D、E`和D二聚体称FDP。 Fibrinolytic process Plg(plasminogen) 1)外激活途径: t-PA u-PA 2)内激活途径: Ⅻa 、Ⅺa 、Ⅱa 、KK 3)外源激活物途径: 各种药物治疗 Pln Pln Pln(plasmin) Fbg/Fbn X Y D, E(E`) degrades A 极附属物 D (D-dimer) (A、B、C、H)
A Protein C system PC系统是由PC、血栓调节蛋白(TM)、PS和PC抑制物(PC) 等组成的一个凝血抑制系统。 PC FDP PS APC 蛋白酶、蛇毒 加强 加速 TM+凝血酶+PC结合→APC(活化蛋白C)+Ca2+ Ca2+细胞自饮 Va、Ⅷa因子灭活 PCI VEC释放tPA、灭活PA|Xa↓、Ⅹa与血小板结合 纤溶系统被激活 Xa凝血活性↓ 凝血酶↓ 抗凝血作用 抑制∨a和血小板对凝血酶的激活
Protein C system PC系统是由PC、血栓调节蛋白(TM)、PS和PC抑制物(PCI) 等组成的一个凝血抑制系统。 PC FDP PS + APC 蛋白酶、蛇毒 加强 加速 TM + 凝血酶 + PC结合 APC(活化蛋白C) + Ca2+ Ca2+ 细胞自饮 Ⅴa、Ⅷa因子灭活 VEC释放t-PA、灭活PAI Ⅹa ↓ 、Ⅹa与血小板结合↓ 纤溶系统被激活 Ⅹa凝血活性↓ 凝血酶↓ 抗凝血作用 抑制Ⅴa和血小板对凝血酶的激活 (-) PCI
Pathogenesis Pathogenesis of DIC A Activation of Coagulation System A Fibrinolytic Function Maladjustment
Activation of Coagulation System Fibrinolytic Function Maladjustment Pathogenesis of DIC Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis Activation of coagulation system 凝血系统的激活中VC损伤和组织细胞损伤这二个因素 在DC发病机制中起着非常重要的作用 【caue】 r Severe tissue injury er Extensive damage of vascular endothelial cells er Excessive destruction of the blood cells er Other thromboplastic materials entering the blood
凝血系统的激活中VEC损伤和组织细胞损伤这二个因素 在DIC发病机制中起着非常重要的作用。 Activation of Coagulation system ☞ Severe tissue injury ☞ Extensive damage of vascular endothelial cells ☞ Excessive destruction of the blood cells ☞ Other thromboplastic materials entering the blood 【Cause 】 Pathogenesis