Anxiety disorders
Do you ever feel anxious?
Anxiety disorders ◆ Normol worry provides an impo rtant function in motivating people to solve dilemma or problems. ◆ excess worry or problematic w orrying becomes disabling and co unter-productive. ◆ problematic worries are more in tense and uncontrollable. 概述
Anxiety disorders • Anxiety disorders are more likely to concern idea about illness, health or injury, and such concerns result in distress and dysfunction. • Anxiety disorders are states of mind characterized by excessive or problematic worrying, as a consequence of which, individuals become distress and dysfunction
Contents Post-traumatic stress disorder Specific and social phobias Generalized anxiety disorder Panic disorder and agoraphobia Obsessive–compulsive disorder
Panic disorder ⚫ Essence Recurrent panic attacks, which are n ot to substance misuse, medical con ditions, or another psychiatric disord er. Frequency of occurrence may vary from many attacks a day to only a few a year. Usually a persistent worry abo ut having another attack or conseque nces of the attack and significant beh avioural changes related to attack
Panic disorder risk factors B E C D A living in a city divorced, separated limited education early parental loss physical or sexual abuse
Panic disorder • Symptoms – Physical symptoms/signs related to autonomic arousal. – Concerns of death from cardiac or respiratory problems may be a major focus, leading to patients presenting (often repea tedly) to emergency medical services. – Thoughts of suicide (or homicide) should be elicited; acute a nxiety (particularly when recurrent) can lead to impulsive act s (usually directed towards self). Note: risk of attempted suic ide substantially raised where comorbid depression, or alcoh ol or substance misuse
Panic disorder Hyperventilation Their breathing becomes rapid and shallow. Feeling of air hunger, sensations of suffocation and audible gaspi ng. They blow off carbon dioxide, develping hypocapnia. signs
Panic disorder ◆Panic disorder may be undiagnosed in patients with unexplained medical symptoms. ◆ischaemic cardiac pain ◆heart disease ◆chest pain