Lecture 27: Direct and Indirect Speech 定义 ■直接引语:直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引 AF He said: It is too late 间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,多数以宾语从 句的形式构成 FF He said it was too late 直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题 第一:人称的变化 主语为第一人称的直接引语,变间接引语时,人称要 做相应调整。例如: ■直接引语 She saic:" I am hungry" 可接引语 She said she was hungry
Lecture 27: Direct and Indirect Speech ◼ 定义 ◼ 直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引 号。 ◼ 例：He said:" It is too late." ◼ 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从 句的形式构成。 ◼ 例：He said it was too late. ◼ 直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题 ◼ 第一：人称的变化。 ◼ 主语为第一人称的直接引语，变间接引语时，人称要 做相应调整。例如： ◼ 直接引语 She said:" I am hungry." ◼ 间接引语 She said she was hungry
口第二:时态变化 直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语的时态要与主句的 时态一致。其规律如下图。 直接引语 间接引语 般现在时 般过去时 般过去时 过去完成时 般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 将来进行时过去将来进行时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时
◼ 第二：时态变化 直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的 时态一致。其规律如下图。 ◼ 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 将来进行时 过去将来进行时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时
注意: 1直接引语为客观真理时,间接引语时态不变,仍用 般现在时。 FF sH: Teacher told us: The moon moves round the earth Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth ■2直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时, 间接引语仍用一般过去时。 例如: She said:" i went to England in1998. She said she went to England in 1998 3主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,间接引语时 态不变。 He says: I bought you a book yesterday He says that he bought me a book yesterday
◼ 注意： ◼ 1.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一 般现在时。 ◼ 例如：Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth." ◼ Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth. ◼ 2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时， 间接引语仍用一般过去时。 ◼ 例如：She said:" I went to England in 1998." ◼ She said she went to England in 1998. ◼ 3.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时 态不变。 ◼ He says:" I bought you a book yesterday." ◼ He says that he bought me a book yesterday
■第三:指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词 的变化。 直接引 旧接引隔 指示代词 thus that these those 时活 nove today that day tori gh th道r社 this week/yearner that week/yean/tem two years ago two years before tomorrow the ned/following day new year thenew year 地点状语 here there 动词 come 20 bite take
◼ 第三：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词 的变化
第四:句式上的变化 ■1、直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语,由连词that引 导。例如: a She said: I am very happy to help you a She said that she was very happy to help you ■2、直接引语是一般、选择或反问疑问句,变成间接引 语,由连词 whether或if引导。例如: He asked me: Do you come from China? He asked me if/whether i came from China 注意:大多数情况下,if, whether可以互换,但句中出 现 or not或放在介词后作连接词,只用 Whether。例如 a She asked whether he could do it or not They cried out whether he was all right
◼ 第四：句式上的变化 ◼ 1、直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，由连词that 引 导。例如： ◼ She said: “I am very happy to help you.” ◼ She said that she was very happy to help you. ◼ 2、直接引语是一般、选择或反问疑问句，变成间接引 语，由连词whether或if 引导。例如： ◼ He asked me: “Do you come from China?” ◼ He asked me if/whether I came from China. ◼ 注意：大多数情况下，if ,whether 可以互换，但句中出 现or not,或放在介词后作连接词，只用whether。例如： ◼ She asked whether he could do it or not. ◼ They cried out whether he was all right
■3、直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语,由相应的疑间词 who,whom, whose,how,when,why, where等引导。例如: My sister asked me: " Who is your friend? My sister asked me who my friend was 4祈使句变间接引语,一改二变三加四去。 改:said(to)改为 asked或told, ordered等 变: said to的宾语或呼语变为 asked等的宾语 三加:即在动词原形前加to,使成为动词不定式 四去:去掉 please FF ] He said to her: "Don,'t take the book away He asked her not to take the book away 5感叹句变为间接引语 What awful weather it is! " she said She complained about the awful weather What a bright girl you are He said to me He praised me that i was a bright girl
◼ 3、直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，由相应的疑问词 who ,whom, whose, how, when, why, where等引导。例如： ◼ My sister asked me : “ Who is your friend?” ◼ My sister asked me who my friend was. ◼ 4.祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。 ◼ 一改：said (to) 改为asked或told, ordered等 ◼ 二变：said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语 ◼ 三加：即在动词原形前加to，使成为动词不定式 ◼ 四去：去掉please ◼ 例：He said to her:" Don't take the book away." ◼ He asked her not to take the book away. ◼ 5.感叹句变为间接引语 ◼ "What awful weather it is!" she said. ◼ She complained about the awful weather. ◼ "What a bright girl you are." He said to me. ◼ He praised me that I was a bright girl
■ NOTES ■(1)直接引语是客观事实、永恒真理,变成间接引语时,时态 不变。例如: They told their son: The earth goes round the sun They told their son that the earth goes round the sun (2)直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间、地点状语作相 应的变化。例如: this/that, these/those, now/then, today/that day, yesterday--the day before, last year---the year before, ago--before, here---there (3)直接引语是复合句,以 since,when, while引导的状语从句 变成间接引语时,只改变主句的时态,不改变从句的时态。例 如: He said: Jim is doing his homework when his father came in He said that jim was doing his homework when his father came in (4)间接引语一定要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序。 例如: They asked:“ where are you from? a They asked where you were from
◼ NOTES ◼ （1）直接引语是客观事实、永恒真理，变成间接引语时，时态 不变。例如： ◼ They told their son: “The earth goes round the sun.” ◼ They told their son that the earth goes round the sun. ◼ （2）直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间、地点状语作相 应的变化。例如： ◼ this/that , these/those, now/then, today/that day, yesterday—the day before, last year---the year before, ago—before, here---there ◼ （3）直接引语是复合句，以since, when, while 引导的状语从句， 变成间接引语时，只改变主句的时态，不改变从句的时态。例 如： ◼ He said : “Jim is doing his homework when his father came in.” ◼ He said that Jim was doing his homework when his father came in. ◼ （4）间接引语一定要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。 ◼ 例如：They asked: “ where are you from?” ◼ They asked where you were from
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Homework Xs Exercise 35A on Pages 608-609 Exercise 35B on Pages 610-611 Exercise 35C on Pages 613-614 Exercise 35 on Page 614 Exercise 35E on Pages 616-617 Exercise 35 F on Pages 617-620 a Exercise 35G on Page 620 ■预习第36讲(621-642页)
Homework ◼ Exercise 35A on Pages 608-609 ◼ Exercise 35B on Pages 610-611 ◼ Exercise 35C on Pages 613-614 ◼ Exercise 35D on Page 614 ◼ Exercise 35E on Pages 616-617 ◼ Exercise 35F on Pages 617-620 ◼ Exercise 35G on Page 620 ◼ 预习第36讲（621-642页）