Lecture gerund and infinitive ■8非谓语动词 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做 非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名 词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。 1)不定式 时态\语态主动 被动 般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done ■2)动名词 时态\语态主动 被动 般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done
Lecture 7: Gerund and Infinitive ◼ 8 非谓语动词 ◼ 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做 非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名 词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。 ◼ 1）不定式 时态\语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done ◼ 2）动名词 时态\语态 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done
■3)分词 时态\语态主动 被动 般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done ■否定形式:not+不定式,not+动名词, not+现在分词
◼ 3）分词 时态\语态 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done ◼ 否定形式： not +不定式， not + 动名词， not + 现在分词
9动名词 91动名词作主语、宾语和表语 )作主语 Fighting broke out between the South and the north 南方与北方开战了。 2)作宾语 a.动词后加动名词 doing作宾语V+ doing sth admit承认 appreciate感激,赞赏 avoid避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay耽误deny否认 detest讨厌 endure 忍受 enJoy喜欢 escape逃脱 prevent 阻止fany想象 finish完成 imagine想象 mine d介意 miSs想念 postpone推迟 practise训练 recall回忆 resent讨厌 resist抵抗 resume继续 risk冒险 suggest建议 ace面对 include包括 stand忍 understand理解 forgive宽恕 keep 继续
◼ 9 动名词 ◼ 9.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语 ◼ 1）作主语 Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 ◼ 2）作宾语 ◼ a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth ◼ admit 承认 appreciate 感激,赞赏 avoid 避免 complete 完成 consider 认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 prevent阻止 fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone 推迟 practise 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resist 抵抗 resume 继续 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续
b.词组后接 doing ■ admit toz认 orefer. to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to ebuSⅴ look forward to no good no use It s worth as well as cant help It's no use/good be tired of be fond of be capable of be afraid of be proud of think of about hold off延 put off keep on insist on count on/upon set about be successful in good at take up give up burst out突发 prevent….from 3)作表语 Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children
◼ b. 词组后接doing ◼ admit to承认 prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to be busy look forward to no good, no use, It‘s worth…, as well as, can’t help, It‘s no use /good be tired of be fond of be capable of be afraid of be proud of think of / about hold off拖延 put off keep on insist on count on / upon set about be successful in good at take up give up burst out 突发 prevent … from… ◼ 3)作表语 ◼ Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children
woth, worthy, worth6为d手意为“值得之产 9,2 worth的用法 1. worth: be worth +n 值得 be worth doing sth.“..某事值得被做 The question is not worth discussing again and again 2. worthy be worthy of+n.当名词为抽象名词时表示“…值得 be worthy to be done“某事值得被做” The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again 3. worth-while be worth- while to do sth“值得做某事” worth while: It is worth while doing sth It is worth while sb to do sth ■ It is not to discuss the question again and again A worth B worthy C worth-while D worth while 答案C.此句只适合词组 be worth- while to do sth.。因此选C
◼ 9.2 worth 的用法 ◼ worth，worthy，worth-while都为adj. 意为“值得” 。 ◼ 1. worth： ◼ be worth + n. “…… 值得……” ◼ be worth doing sth. “……某事值得被做” ◼ The question is not worth discussing again and again. ◼ 2. worthy： ◼ be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示“……值得……” ◼ be worthy to be done “某事值得被做” ◼ The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again. ◼ 3. worth-while： ◼ be worth-while to do sth “值得做某事” ◼ worth while： It is worth while doing sth ◼ It is worth while sb to do sth. ◼ It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again. A.worth B.worthy C.worth-while D.worth while ◼ 答案C. 此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。因此选C
■10动词不定式 10.1不定式作宾语 ■1)动词+不定式 ■ afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought pl an prepare pretend promise refuseseem tend wait wish undertake The driver failed to see the other car in time 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 I happen to know the answer to your question
◼ 10 动词不定式 ◼ 10.1 不定式作宾语 ◼ 1) 动词+ 不定式 ◼ afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake ◼ The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 ◼ I happen to know the answer to your question
■2)动词+不定式;动词+宾语+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect, hate, help intend like love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish I like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都 保持整洁 ike you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你年使 每件东西都保持整洁 I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话 I want you to speak to Tom.我想让你和汤姆谈
◼ 2）动词+不定式 ； 动词+宾语+不定式 ◼ ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish… ◼ I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都 保持整洁。 ◼ I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使 每件东西都保持整洁。 ◼ I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。 ◼ I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈 话
■3)动词+疑问词+to decide know, consider forget, learn, remember, show understand, see. wonder. hear. find out, explain tell Please show us how to do that.请演示给我们如何去做 here are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that/ can t make up my mind which to buy有这么多的录音机, 我都拿不定主意买哪一种 口注意疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单 数 a The question is how to put it into practice 问题是怎样把它付诸实施
◼ 3）动词+疑问词+ to ◼ decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell ◼ Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。 ◼ There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can‘t make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机， 我都拿不定主意买哪一种。 ◼ 注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单 数。 ◼ The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施
102不定式作补语 动词+宾语+不定式todo) ■ advise allow appoint Delieve cause challenge command compel consider declare arive enable encourage na forbid force guess hi Ire magine Imbe Induce inform Instruct Invite Judge know e order permit ersuade reml report request requre select send state suppose think tra ain trust understand urge warn Father will not allow us to play on the street 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍 a We believe him to be guilty 我们相信他是有罪的
◼ 10.2 不定式作补语 ◼ 1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) ◼ advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn ◼ Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 ◼ We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的
2)to+be的不定式结构,作补语的动词。 ■ acknowleage, believe. consider think declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find guess, Judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解),show, suppose, take(以为), understand a We consider tom to be one of the best students in our class 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之 Charles babbage is generally considered the first computer a. to invent B inventing C to have invented D having invented 答案:A.由 consider to do sth.排除B、D。.此句只说明发 明这一个事实,不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时,发明 为点动词一般不用完成时,且此处也不强调对现在的影响,因 此不选C
◼ 2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。 ◼ acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand ◼ We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。 ◼ Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented ◼ 答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发 明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明 为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因 此不选C