Lecture 9: Verb Tenses x3 1一般现在时的用法 1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状 语连用 a I leave home for school at 7 every morning ■2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实 The earth moves around the sun 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过 去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 a 15: Columbus proved that the earth is round 3)表示格言或警句中 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败
Lecture 9: Verb Tenses ◼ 1 一般现在时的用法 ◼ 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状 语连用。 ◼ I leave home for school at 7 every morning. ◼ 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 ◼ The earth moves around the sun. ◼ 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过 去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 ◼ 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. ◼ 3) 表示格言或警句中。 ◼ Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败
■4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 ■Idon' t want so much ■比较: Now I put the sugar in the cup I am doing my homework now. ■第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说 明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如: Now watch me. I switch on the current and stand back.第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正 在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现 在时
◼ 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 ◼ I don't want so much. ◼ 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. ◼ 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说 明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如： Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正 在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现 在时
2一般过去时的用法 1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 Where did you go just now? ■2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。 a When I was a child i often played football in the street 3)句型: Itis(high) time sb. did sth.“时间已迟了”“早该 It is (high) time you went to work It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了 It is time you went to bed 你早该睡觉了。 would(had) rather sb,. did sth.表示‘宁愿某人做某事
◼ 2 一般过去时的用法 ◼ 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 ◼ Where did you go just now? ◼ 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 ◼ When I was a child, I often played football in the street. ◼ 3）句型： ◼ It is (high) time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了” “早该…… 了” It is (high) time you went to work. ◼ It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 ◼ would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示‘宁愿某人做某事’ I‘d rather you came tomorrow
■4) wish, wonder, think,hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求 建议等。 I thought you might want some.我以为你想要一些 比较: 般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在 Christine was an invalid(病人,残废者) all her life.(含义:她已不在 人间 Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着 Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:达比太太已 不再住在肯塔基州。) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:现在还 住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去) 注意:用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。 )动词want,hope, wonder, think, intend等。 I wondered if you could help me 2)情态动词 could, would Could you lend me your bike?
◼ 4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、 建议等。 ◼ I thought you might want some. 我以为你想要一些。 ◼ 比较： ◼ 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。 ◼ Christine was an invalid(病人, 残废者)all her life. (含义：她已不在 人间。) ◼ Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义：她现在还活着) ◼ Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已 不再住在肯塔基州。) ◼ Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含义：现在还 住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去) ◼ 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。 ◼ 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。 ◼ I wondered if you could help me. ◼ 2）情态动词 could, would. ◼ Could you lend me your bike?
■3一般将来时 ■1)shal用于第一人称,常被will所代替。 wll在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二 人称 a Which paragraph shall I read first Will you be at home at seven this evening 2) be going to+不定式,表示将来。 a.主语的意图,即将做某事 What are you going to do tomorrow? b.计划,安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month c.有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm
◼ 3 一般将来时 ◼ 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。 ◼ will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二 人称。 ◼ Which paragraph shall I read first. ◼ Will you be at home at seven this evening? ◼ 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。 ◼ a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 ◼ What are you going to do tomorrow? ◼ b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 ◼ The play is going to be produced next month。 ◼ c. 有迹象要发生的事 ◼ Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm
3)be+不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事 We are to discuss the report next saturday 4) be about to+不定式,意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for beijing ■注意: be about to不能与 tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时 的时间状语连用 般现在时表将来 )下列动词:come,go, arrive,eave, start, begin, return的一般现 在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes 2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如: I Here comes the bus. The bus is coming a There goes the bell. -The bell is ringing
◼ 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 ◼ We are to discuss the report next Saturday. ◼ 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 ◼ He is about to leave for Beijing. ◼ 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时 的时间状语连用。 ◼ 一般现在时表将来 ◼ 1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现 在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 ◼ The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. ◼ When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. ◼ 2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如： ◼ Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. ◼ There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing
■3)在时间或条件句中 a When Bill comes(Ewill come), ask him to wait for me I'lI write to you as soon as i arrive there 4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room ■现在进行时表示将来 意为:“意图”、“打算”、“安排”、常用于人 常用词为come,go,stat, arrive, leave,stay等。 I'm leaving tomorrow Are you staying here till next week?
◼ 3）在时间或条件句中。 ◼ When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. ◼ I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. ◼ 4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 ◼ I hope they have a nice time next week. ◼ Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. ◼ 现在进行时表示将来 ◼ 意为：“意图” 、 “打算” 、 “安排”、常用于人。 常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 ◼ I'm leaving tomorrow. ◼ Are you staying here till next week?
4现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结 果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现 在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成 have(has)+过去分词。 比较过去时与现在完成时 ■1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强 调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的 影响,强调的是影响。 ■2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊 的时间状语连用,或无时间状语 般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week,ago,in980,in October, Just now,具体的时间状语 现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far,ever, never,just,yet,tl/ until, up to now, In past years, al ways不确定的时间状语 共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight, this april,now,once, recent
◼ 4 现在完成时 ◼ 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态，其结 果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现 在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。 ◼ 比较过去时与现在完成时 ◼ 1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强 调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的 影响，强调的是影响。 ◼ 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊 的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 ◼ 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 ◼ 现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语 ◼ 共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight, this April, now, once， before, already, recently，lately
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,此时动词一般 是延续性的,如ive, teach, learn,work, study,know 注意:句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday;last,wek,in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时 (xf) Tom wrote a letter to his parents last nigh bight (tH) Tom has written a letter to his parents last 用于现在完成时的句型 ■1) It is the first/ second time….that.结构中的从句部分,用现 在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city It was the third time that the boy had been late 2) TThis is the..that.结构,that从句要用现在完成时 This is the best film that I've(ever)seen This is the first time( that)I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他 唱歌
◼ 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，此时动词一般 是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. ◼ 注意：句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 ◼ （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. ◼ 用于现在完成时的句型 ◼ 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现 在完成时。 ◼ It is the first time that I have visited the city. ◼ It was the third time that the boy had been late. ◼ 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. ◼ This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. ◼ This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他 唱歌
延续动词与瞬间动词 1)用于完成时的区别 延续动词表示经验、经历;瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与 表示段的时间状语连用。 He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果) Ive known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历) ■注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连 用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的 (tt) I have received his letter for a month (Xf) I haven't received his letter for almost a month 2)用于tll/unti从句的差异 延续动词用于肯定句,表示“做.…直到.”;瞬间动词用 于否定句,表示“到.,才.” He didn' t come back until ten o'clock He slept until ten o'clock
◼ 延续动词与瞬间动词 ◼ 1) 用于完成时的区别 ◼ 延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与 表示段的时间状语连用。 ◼ He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果) ◼ I‘ve known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历) ◼ 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连 用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 ◼ （错）I have received his letter for a month. ◼ （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month. ◼ 2) 用于till / until从句的差异 ◼ 延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” ；瞬间动词用 于否定句，表示“到……，才……” ◼ He didn't come back until ten o'clock. ◼ He slept until ten o'clock