Lecture 23: Absolute Construction 1独立主格 (一):独立主格结构的构成: ■名词(代词)现在分词、过去分词; 名词(代词)形容词; 名词(代词川副词; 名词(代词)不定式; 名词(代词)+介词短语构成。 (二)独立主格结构的特点: 11)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独 立存在。 ■2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式 介词等是主谓关系。 ■3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例:
Lecture 23: Absolute Construction ◼ 1 独立主格 ◼ (一): 独立主格结构的构成: ◼ 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词; 名词(代词)+形容词; 名词(代词)+副词; 名词(代词)+不定式; 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 ◼ (二) 独立主格结构的特点: ◼ 1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独 立存在。 ◼ 2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式, 介词等是主谓关系。 ◼ 3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例:
The test finished, we began our holiday When the test was finished we began our holiday 考试结束了,我们开始放假。 a The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow After the president was assassinated the whole country was in deep sorrow 总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中 a Weather permitting. we are going to visit you tomorrow 如果天气允许,我们明天去看你 This done, we went home.工作完成后,我们才回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier 会议结束 后,每个人都想早点回家。 a He came into the room, his ears red with cold 他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。 He came out of the library a large book under his arm 他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆
◼ The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了,我们开始放假。 ◼ The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 ◼ Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。 ◼ This done, we went home. 工作完成后,我们才回家。 ◼ The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.会议结束 后,每个人都想早点回家。 ◼ He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。 ◼ He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆
2with的复合结构作独立主格 表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合 结构。 ■wih+名词(代词现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不 定式/介词短语 ■举例: He stood there, his hand raised.= He stood there, with his hand raised 典型例题 a The murder was brought in. with his hands behind his back A being tied B having tied C to be tied D tied ■答案D.with+名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当 分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用wth来引导。由于 本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分 词,选D
◼ 2 With的复合结构作独立主格 ◼ 表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合 结构。 ◼ with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不 定式/介词短语 。 ◼ 举例: He stood there, his hand raised.= He stood there, with his hand raised. ◼ 典型例题 ◼ The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied ◼ 答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当 分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于 本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分 词,选D
■注意 ■1)独立主格结构使用介词的问题: ■当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成 分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with的复合结构不受此限制 a robber burst into the room knife in hand ■(hand前不能加his ■2)当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,不及物动 词用现在分词,及物动词用过去分词。 u He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up
◼ 注意: ◼ 1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题: ◼ 当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成 分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制 。 ◼ A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. ◼ ( hand前不能加his) ◼ 2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,不及物动 词用现在分 词,及物动词用过去分词。 ◼ He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up
典型例题 a Weather, well go out for a walk a A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting 答案B.本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列 句。句中使用了逗号,且we小写,可知其不是两个简 单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构 据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名 词+分词。由于 permit在这里翻译为天气允许',表主动, 应用现在分词,故选B。 ■如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改 为条件句,例如本句改为 nIf weather permits, well go out for a walk.然后将if去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动 同即可
◼ 典型例题: ◼ Weather___, we'll go out for a walk. ◼ A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting ◼ 答案B. 本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列 句。 句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简 单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。 据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构, 其结构为:名 词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动, 应用现在分词,故选B。 ◼ 如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改 为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动 词即可
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Homework 2 Exercise 32A on Pages 546-547 Exercise 32B on Pages 547-548 Exercise 32C on Pages 548-549 Exercise 32D on Pages 553-554 Exercise 32E on Pages 556-557 Exercise 32F on page 558 Exercise 32G on Pages 558-561 Exercise 32H on Pages 563-564 a Exercise 32I on Pages 567-569 ■预习第33讲(570-586页)
Homework ◼ Exercise 32A on Pages 546-547 ◼ Exercise 32B on Pages 547-548 ◼ Exercise 32C on Pages 548-549 ◼ Exercise 32D on Pages 553-554 ◼ Exercise 32E on Pages 556-557 ◼ Exercise 32F on Page 558 ◼ Exercise 32G on Pages 558-561 ◼ Exercise 32H on Pages 563-564 ◼ Exercise 32I on Pages 567-569 ◼ 预习第33讲(570-586页)