北京化工大学2006一一2007学年第一学期 《材料导论I》期末考试试卷 课程代码MSE2021T 班级 姓名： 学号： 分数： 题号 一 四 五 六 七总分 得分 f stand for?T slate 1.Names of materials:TP PMC.MMC.CMC(4points) DS C(4points) mes II.Choose the BEST TERM to match the definition(15pts). A Anion order materials Monomer D)Atomic packing factor(APF) Q)Neutrons Cation polymorphic material H)Crystalline U)Short-range-order materials Electron affinity V)Smart materials Electronegativity materials W)osoidsouion vaals forces M)Interstitial solid solution Z)Yield 2 A chainlike molecule made up of smaller molecular units. r exists n two or more crystal structures.After changing from one crystal structure nt th toinvd thec atice positions by the presen 4.A solid solution in which the impurity atoms take up sites in the lattice structure that are normally unfilled or unoccupied by the pure (solvent)atoms and solids that have the ability at a predetermined 6. An ion witha alt r their properties nositive charg One basic form of solid p sesses an ordered,three-dimensional,geometric arrangement that repeats itself. legree to which an atom attracts elect on derly arrangement of atoms extends throughout PDF 文件使用"pdfFactory Pro试用版定，fineprint.com.n
第 1 页 北京化工大学 2006——2007 学年第一学期 《材料导论 I》期末考试试卷 课程代码 M S E 2 0 2 1 T 班级： 姓名： 学号： 分数： 题号 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 总分 得分 I. What do the following abbreviations of materials and unit cells stand for? Translate all abbreviations into Chinese. At least 10-point questions should be completed. (12 points) 1. Names of materials: TP, PMC, MMC, CMC (4points) 2. Names of equipment: SEM, TEM, SPM, DSC (4points) 3. Names of unit cells: bcc, fcc, cph, sc (4points) II. Choose the BEST TERM to match the definition (15pts). A) Allotropic material B) Amorphous C) Anion D) Atomic packing factor (APF) E) Cation F) Coordination number G) Creep H) Crystalline I) Electron affinity J) Electronegativity K) Engineering materials L) Factor of safety M) Interstitial solid solution N) Interstitialcy O) Long-range-order materials P) Monomer Q) Neutrons R) Polymer S) Polymorphic material T) Proton U) Short-range-order materials V) Smart materials W) Substitutional solid solution X) Vacancy Y) Van de waals forces Z) Yield 1. A chainlike molecule made up of smaller molecular units. 2. A material exists in two or more crystal structures. After changing from one crystal structure into another, the material can reverse the phenomenon and return to its previous crystal structure. 3. A point defect is produced by the presence of an extra atom in a void, the space between normal lattice positions. 4. A solid solution in which the impurity atoms take up sites in the lattice structure that are normally unfilled or unoccupied by the pure (solvent) atoms. 5. A term referring to a variety of liquids and solids that have the ability at a predetermined condition to sense stresses and respond to alter their properties. 6. An ion with a positive charge. 7. One basic form of solid possesses an ordered, three-dimensional, geometric arrangement that repeats itself. 8. The degree to which an atom attracts electrons. 9. The forces that produce secondary (or weak) bonds. 10. The materials have the structures in which the orderly arrangement of atoms extends throughout PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 试用版本创建 www.fineprint.com.cn
he ra e volume of atoms present in a crystal (unit cell)to the volume of the unit cell 3 The implies that a material plastically deforms or flows very slowly under load as a 14.The term is used to describe how many atoms are touching each other in a group of coordinated 15.Uncharged particles in the nucleus with a mass nearly equal to the proton's mass. III.Choose the correct answer to the following questions(35points) 1.The method used during design and manufacturing to determine the impact of a product or system on the environment. A)Life cycle analysis B) Life cycle inventory C)Systems approach D) Characterization Which of the following statements is NOT true about the atom? A)It has 6 protons in its nucleus. It has 12 neutrons Its nu cleus It has 6 ons orbi ing the nucleus It to study the crystal structures of solids by measuring the angles of terial specimens A) al m XRDY D)Differential ther mal analysis (DTA) 4.A field that involves the A)Engineering Materials Technology B Materials Engineering C)Materials Science D)Materials Science And Engineering 5.The results obtained from fatigue tests are recorded on semilog or log-log paper to produce diagrams. A)o-8 B)S-N C)t-Y D)T-0 6.Which of the following is the type of bond holding Na and CI ions in NaCl? A)lonic bond B) Covalent bond Hydrogen bond D Metallic bond What factor in materials selection usually dominates the final choice? PpF文件使用”pdfFactory Pro”试用版第建，fineprint.com.cn
第 2 页 the entire material, forming a regular gridlike lattice or pattern. 11. The ratio of the volume of atoms present in a crystal (unit cell) to the volume of the unit cell. 12. The ratio of ultimate strength to allowable stress. 13. The term implies that a material plastically deforms or flows very slowly under load as a function of time. 14. The term is used to describe how many atoms are touching each other in a group of coordinated atoms. 15. Uncharged particles in the nucleus with a mass nearly equal to the proton’s mass. III. Choose the correct answer to the following questions (35points) 1. The method used during design and manufacturing to determine the impact of a product or system on the environment. A) Life cycle analysis B) Life cycle inventory C) Systems approach D) Characterization 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the atom? A) It has 6 protons in its nucleus. B) It has 12 neutrons in its nucleus. C) It has 6 electrons orbiting the nucleus D) Its atomic number is 6 3. A useful tool that is used to study the crystal structures of solids by measuring the angles of electrons glancing off material specimens. A) Electron microscope B) Optical microscope C) X-ray diffraction (XRD) D) Differential thermal analysis (DTA) 4. A field that involves the generation and application of knowledge relating to the composition, structure and processing of materials to their properties and use. A) Engineering Materials Technology B) Materials Engineering C) Materials Science D) Materials Science And Engineering 5. The results obtained from fatigue tests are recorded on semilog or log-log paper to produce ______ diagrams. A) s-e B) s-N C) t-g D) T-q 6. Which of the following is the type of bond holding Na + and Cl - ions in NaCl? A) Ionic bond B) Covalent bond C) Hydrogen bond D) Metallic bond 7. What factor in materials selection usually dominates the final choice? A) Recyclability B) Cost C) Processibility D) Properties of materials PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 试用版本创建 www.fineprint.com.cn
8.Which stage of the materials cycle is the most difficult for manufacturers to develop a full materials cycle? A)Extracting raw materials B Manufacturing engineered materials Service of products and systems D) Recycling/disposal materials 9.How many space lattices(Bravais lattices)can atoms form in seven crystal systems? A) B) is a mea e f eat flow throuh a material.It relates heat fow(heat R) C)Therma I conductivity D)Coefficient of the Which concept of the materials cvcle has been LEAST AFFECTED by recent trends? A)Concern for the entire cycle that includes effects of harmful by-products and unrecycled old products B)Ability to design materials to meet ever-increasing demands of technology rather than use"off-the shelf materials. C)Need for a more highly educated workforce to support new manufacturing techniques. D)Desire to achieve the maximum properties from any given materials. 12. crystal system has mutually perpendicular axes (a=B=y=90)but unequal lattice parameters,among which the z-intercept is larger than the x-or y-intercepts(c>a=b). A)Cubic B Hexagonal Monoclinic Tetragonal represents the energy per unit volume of a material required to produce fracture under static conditions 01 elasticity 0 Modulus 14.The key cribing covalent bonding is A) rring swapping Swarming 15.Vickers hardness numbers are a measure of the size of the penetration made by with different loads A)10-mm steel ball B tungsten carbide sphere C) diamond pyramid indentor D) diamond cone indentor 16. involves transforming gases,liquids,and solid elements by chemical and physical means, where atoms and molecules are combined to form solid materials. e A) ynthes D Wroughting PF文件使用"pdfFactory Pro'试用版築键fineprint..con.cn
第 3 页 8. Which stage of the materials cycle is the most difficult for manufacturers to develop a full materials cycle? A) Extracting raw materials B) Manufacturing engineered materials C) Service of products and systems D) Recycling/disposal materials 9. How many space lattices (Bravais lattices) can atoms form in seven crystal systems? A) 3 B) 4 C) 8 D) 14 10. ____________ is a measure of heat flow through a material. It relates heat flow (the flow of heat energy per unit area, per unit time) to the temperature gradient, causing the heat to flow. A) Heat capacity B) Specific heat C) Thermal conductivity D) Coefficient of thermal expansion 11. Which concept of the materials cycle has been LEAST AFFECTED by recent trends? A) Concern for the entire cycle that includes effects of harmful by-products and unrecycled old products B) Ability to design materials to meet ever-increasing demands of technology rather than use “off-the shelf” materials. C) Need for a more highly educated workforce to support new manufacturing techniques. D) Desire to achieve the maximum properties from any given materials. 12. ___________ crystal system has mutually perpendicular axes (a=b=g=90°) but unequal lattice parameters, among which the z-intercept is larger than the x- or y- intercepts (c>a=b). A) Cubic B) Hexagonal C) Monoclinic D) Tetragonal 13. _____________represents the energy per unit volume of a material required to produce fracture under static conditions. A) Modulus of elasticity B) Modulus of toughness C) Modulus of resilience D) Modulus of rigidity 14. The key word in describing covalent bonding is ___________. A) Transferring B) Sharing C) Swapping D) Swarming 15. Vickers hardness numbers are a measure of the size of the penetration made by ______ with different loads. A) 10-mm steel ball B) tungsten carbide sphere C) diamond pyramid indentor D) diamond cone indentor 16. involves transforming gases, liquids, and solid elements by chemical and physical means, where atoms and molecules are combined to form solid materials. A) Analysis B) Processing C) Synthesis D) Wroughting PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 试用版本创建 www.fineprint.com.cn
17.Which term describes the behavior of materials when subjected to some external forceor A Y dition. aterial Proper mation Synthe 1 is the maximum stress below which a material can presumably endure an infinite number of stress cycles A)Fatigue limit B)Fatigue ratio C) Fatigue strength D)Endurance ratio 19.The electronic configuration of carbon is A)1s22s22p B)1s22s22p3s23p1 C)1s22s22p3s2 lowing symbol is used to specify a family of directions in a crystal structure? <AO t that places at the be or design stage of the materials cycle to ensure that waste imized. A) De B) Design for disassembly C D) Just-in-time techniques 22.Which of the following is the type of bond between molecules of water? A)lonic bond B Covalent bond Hydrogen bond Metallic bond The maximum number of electrons in the M energy level is A) Whichs A) sta all have the same atomic number 0 om nt is a by chemical reaction 25.A type of ha es s test that co rial's hardnes to so me 10 known minerals arranged in order of hardness A)Scleroscope (HSc)test B) Mohs test C)Brinell hardness test D)Rockwell Hardness test 26.Another name for an electron shell is A)Ouantum B)Principal energy level PpF文件使用"pdfFactory Pro”试用版第创键，fineprint.com.cn
第 4 页 17. Which term describes the behavior of materials when subjected to some external force or condition? A) Material B) Property C) Automation D) Synthesis 18. _______ is the maximum stress below which a material can presumably endure an infinite number of stress cycles. A) Fatigue limit B) Fatigue ratio C) Fatigue strength D) Endurance ratio 19. The electronic configuration of carbon is _________. A) 1s2 2s2 2p2 B) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 C) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 D) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 20. Which of the following symbol is used to specify a family of directions in a crystal structure? A) B) ( ) C) [ ] D) { } 21. A concept that places recycling at the beginning or design stage of the materials cycle to ensure that waste going into municipal landfills will be minimized. A) Design for assembly B) Design for disassembly C) Green manufacturing D) Just-in-time techniques 22. Which of the following is the type of bond between molecules of water? A) Ionic bond B) Covalent bond C) Hydrogen bond D) Metallic bond 23. The maximum number of electrons in the M energy level is ____________. A) 2 B) 8 C) 18 D) 32 24. Which statement of elements is NOT correct? A) An element is a substance whose atoms all have the same atomic number. B) The atoms of an element all contain the same number of protons C) The atoms of an element all contain the same numbers of neutrons D) An element is a substance that cannot be broken down any further by chemical reaction 25. A type of harness test that compares a material’s hardness to some 10 known minerals arranged in order of hardness. A) Scleroscope (HSc) test B) Mohs test C) Brinell hardness test D) Rockwell Hardness test 26. Another name for an electron shell is _________ A) Quantum B) Principal energy level PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 试用版本创建 www.fineprint.com.cn
C)Energy state D)orbital 27 is the maximum stress developed in a material during a tensile test. A) Off-set yield strength B) Fatigue strength Tensile strength Yield strength 28 is a homogeneous mixture of chemically distinct substances that forms a phase.The nents (substances)lose their individual identities. Solution D)Sol 29 The follo ing compounds are all unsaturated hydrocarbons except A) Acetylene D)Methane 30.Which is NOI the name of the recently discovered carbon structure that resembles a soccer ball? ons and neutrons are known as A D 32.The following statement of inert gases is right except A Inert gases are also called noble gases. B) Inert gases are mostly inactive C) Inert gases do not get involved in making compounds with other elements. D) Inert gases have their outer energy levels incompletely full of valence electrons. 33.What are(or is)not the conditions on which the substitutional solid solution form? A)The solute atoms and the solvent atoms are of similar size.Specifically,the size of their atoms do not differ by more than 15% B) The interstitial atoms are sufficiently small The electron configurations of the solute atoms and the solvent atoms are comparable 4 3 The solute atoms felastic modulus is NOT correcr2 .o lus is als wn as Young' e highe ic mod e we ratomic bonding forces stic mo constant c dulu ty in Hoo s can b in the region of the stress-strain diagram the atoms in cc unit A) B)6 C)8 D)12 PmF文件使用”pdfFactory Pr0°试用版熟健fineprint.com.cn
第 5 页 C) Energy state D) orbital 27. ____________ is the maximum stress developed in a material during a tensile test. A) Off-set yield strength B) Fatigue strength C) Tensile strength D) Yield strength 28. ________ is a homogeneous mixture of chemically distinct substances that forms a phase. The components (substances) lose their individual identities. A) Alloy B) Solute C) Solution D) Solvent 29. The following compounds are all unsaturated hydrocarbons except________ A) Acetylene B) Alkenes C) Alkynes D) Methane 30. Which is NOT the name of the recently discovered carbon structure that resembles a soccer ball? A) Buckyball B) C-60 C) Fullerene D) Graphite 31. Protons and neutrons are known as _________ A) Electrons B) Neutrinos C) Nucleons D) Quarks 32. The following statement of inert gases is right except________ A) Inert gases are also called noble gases. B) Inert gases are mostly inactive. C) Inert gases do not get involved in making compounds with other elements. D) Inert gases have their outer energy levels incompletely full of valence electrons. 33. What are (or is) not the conditions on which the substitutional solid solution form? A) The solute atoms and the solvent atoms are of similar size. Specifically, the size of their atoms do not differ by more than 15% B) The interstitial atoms are sufficiently small C) The electron configurations of the solute atoms and the solvent atoms are comparable D) The solute atoms and the solvent atoms have a common crystalline structure 34. Which statement of elastic modulus is NOT correct? A) Elastic modulus is also known as Young’s modulus. B) The higher the magnitude of elastic modulus the weaker the interatomic bonding forces. C) Elastic modulus is the constant of proportionality in Hooke’s law. D) Elastic modulus can be measured graphically in the elastic region of the stress-strain diagram. 35. The coordination number for the atoms in the fcc unit cell is ____________. A) 2 B) 6 C) 8 D) 12 PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 试用版本创建 www.fineprint.com.cn
IV Fill in the following blanks according to the basic concepts.(10points) in a crystal. 3.Pe A1 tal table is divided into eight vertical colum as B) the same number of electrons in the outermost shell.It is the D) electrons that take par in chemical reaction and det d The two categ and B) 5.A metallic consisting of metal elements and other elements is named as 6.In impact testing of metals,metals will experience (ductile/brittle)failures with a much greater absorption of energy above the critical temperature. V.Tro If you think the statement otherwise, At lea astic defor nation is irrecoverable etals inclde ir and all s of at least 50%iron 4.The thermal conductivity of materials has a varied relationship to temperature 6.The material from which turbine blades are fabricated must possess low creep resistance. 7.The ionization potential decreases as the atomic numbers of the elements increase in a given periodic group. 8.All materials do not have endurance limit. 9.Substances with high specific heat values do not change their temperature appreciably. 10.All materials have a distinct ductile to brittle transition temperature. 11.The strict definition of oxidation is the addition of oxygen to an element or a compound. 12.In corrosion,removal part of the material is caused generally by some mechanical forces.while in misrhicaha podc eltriityand of how tricity can be s,the cells can be rech In the two cooling cuvesand shown in Figure 1.pure metals and B for general a glass Figure 1 PpF文件使用"pdfFactory Pro”试用版第创键，fineprint.com.cn
第 6 页 IV Fill in the following blanks according to the basic concepts. (10points) 1. The atomic number is equal to the number of in a nucleus. 2. ___________ is used to describe the basic building block or basic geometric arrangement of atoms in a crystal. 3. Periodic table is divided into eight vertical columns known as A) _______________ and seven horizontal rows known as B)______________. All elements with the same C)_______ number have the same number of electrons in the outermost shell. It is the D)___________ electrons that take part in chemical reactions and determine the chemical properties of the elements. 4. The two categories of crystal imperfections are A)__________ and B)_________. 5. A metallic consisting of metal elements and other elements is named as . 6. In impact testing of metals, metals will experience __________ (ductile/brittle) failures with a much greater absorption of energy above the critical temperature. V. True or false questions. If you think the statement is true, write the letter “T”; otherwise, write the letter “F”. At least 10 questions should be completed. (15 points, 1 point/Q) 1. All elements are not readily available to use. 2. Plastic deformation is recoverable while elastic deformation is irrecoverable. 3. Ferrous metals include iron and alloys of at least 50% iron. 4. The thermal conductivity of materials has a varied relationship to temperature. 5. Isotopes are atoms of an element that contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. 6. The material from which turbine blades are fabricated must possess low creep resistance. 7. The ionization potential decreases as the atomic numbers of the elements increase in a given periodic group. 8. All materials do not have endurance limit. 9. Substances with high specific heat values do not change their temperature appreciably. 10. All materials have a distinct ductile to brittle transition temperature. 11. The strict definition of oxidation is the addition of oxygen to an element or a compound. 12. In corrosion, removal part of the material is caused generally by some mechanical forces, while in wear, the only driving force is chemical reactions. 13. Electrochemistry includes the studies of chemical reactions that produce electricity and of how electricity can be used to cause chemical reactions. 14. In primary cells, when the reaction ends, the cells can be recharged. 15. In the two cooling curves (A and B) shown in Figure 1, A is for pure metals and B for general glass. Figure 1 PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 试用版本创建 www.fineprint.com.cn
VI.Give a simple answer to the following questions.At least 10-point questions should be completed.(20 points) 1.Determine the miller indices for the rectangular plane pointed with an arrow in the unit cell shown in Figure 2,indicating the determination procedures.(3points) c=1 a=1 b=1 Figure 2 子 What is phase ame the three variables needed to specify the conditions of equilibrium cular systen ints) What tests ng materials for the ost u properties for ts) ation on ater.(4points) 7.Write out the Gibbs phase rule,and specify the meaning of the s ymbols in it.(3points) VII.Complex questions.At least 10-point questions should be completed.(20 points) 1.Draw the tensile tress-strain diagrams for brittle and ductile materials,respectively.1)Label plastic region elastic region;2)Discuss how to distinguish ductile materials from brittle materials according to three different mechanical properties obtained from tensile stress-strain diagrams?3)Determine graphically 0.2 percent offset yield strength in the stress-strain diagram. (10 points) 2. PmF文件使用”pdfFactory Pro试用版築往，inepint.con.cn
第 7 页 VI. Give a simple answer to the following questions. At least 10-point questions should be completed. (20 points) 1. Determine the miller indices for the rectangular plane pointed with an arrow in the unit cell shown in Figure 2, indicating the determination procedures. (3points) Figure 2 2. How many parameters are needed to describe a unit cell adequately? What are they? (2points) 3. What is phase diagram? Name the three variables needed to specify the conditions of equilibrium for a particular system. (3points) 4. What is the family of materials composed of? (3points) 5. Which properties rank highest in importance when selecting materials for many applications? What tests can provide the most useful information on such properties for material selection? (2points) 6. Write out the chemical reactions for the electrolysis of water. (4points) 7. Write out the Gibbs phase rule, and specify the meaning of the symbols in it. (3points) VII. Complex questions. At least 10-point questions should be completed. (20 points) 1. Draw the tensile tress-strain diagrams for brittle and ductile materials, respectively. 1) Label plastic region & elastic region; 2) Discuss how to distinguish ductile materials from brittle materials according to three different mechanical properties obtained from tensile stress-strain diagrams? 3) Determine graphically 0.2 percent offset yield strength in the stress-strain diagram. (10 points) 2. Figure 3 shows Cu-Ni phase diagram. Describe the phenomena can be observed in the system along with the decrease in temperature from X to Y; Label the solidus line and liquidus line. How to calculate the contents of liquid and solid phase at point 3? How to calculate the compositions of liquid and solid phase at T3? (10 points) a=1 b=1 c=1 PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 试用版本创建 ÿwww.fineprint.com.cn
X --------..----------t l 43 100 Weight-%of Ni Figure3 PDF文件使用"pdfFactory Pro'试用版熟键mw.fineprint.com.cn
第 8 页 Figure 3 PDF 文件使用 "pdfFactory Pro" 试用版本创建 www.fineprint.com.cn