英语构词法 派生法（前缀+词根、词根+后缀) (一)后缀：许多名词、形容词、副词和动词是由词根加后缀构成的。 1.构成名词的常用后缀有： (I)-er-or,-ist,-ee,-ian,-ese,-ant等用于构成表示人或物的名称。 thinker,guesser,translator,teacher,conductor,physicist,dentist,employee, trainee,physician,Chinese,Japanese,Italian,assistant,applicant. (2)-ance,-ence,-(a)tion,-sion,-ics,-ing,-ity,-ment,-ness,-th,-ty,-ure,-ship 构成表示行为、性质、状态等的抽象名词。 acceptance,assistance,dependence,confidence,repetition,preparation, discussion,division,physics,fabrics,building,wedding,reality,ability, settlement,argument,greatness,hardness,warmth,length,safety,penalty, failure,pressure,friendship,leadership. 2.构成形容词的常用后缀有：-able,-ible,-al,-ful,-less,-ish,-ive,-ous,-an,-ic,-ly, -ant,-ent,-ary,-en等。 available,suitable,responsible,permissible,natural,national,powerful,faithful, fearless,useless,selfish,childish,collective,decisive,famous,continuous, American,European,historic,scientific,friendly,lively,thirsty,noisy, significant,pleasant,dependent,consistent,secondary,imaginary,golden, wooden. 3.构成副词的常用后缀有：y,-ward,-wise等。 例如：terribly,.regularly,.homeward,eastward,otherwise,likewise 4.构成动词的常用后缀有：-ise,-ize,-en,-ify等。 realize,modernize,Americanize,widen,strengthen,verify,modify. (二)前缀：词根加前缀多数不改变词性，只引起词义的变化： 1.表示相反意义的前缀有：un-,dis-,in-,im-,ir-,i-,de-等。 unhappy,uncomfortable,unload,uncover,dislike,disagree,informal, inaccurate,irregular,irresponsible,illegal,illogical,decode,devalue. 2.表示其它意思的前缀有：re-(重新)，mis-(错误地)，anti-(反、防)，ex-(前)，pre-(预 先)，post-(后的)，fore-(先的)，self-(自我的、自动的)，super-(超级、上层)，sub-(下 面的)，inter-(之间的、互相)，trans-.(跨越、移)，ultra-(外、极)，semi-(半)，vice-(副)， uni-(单)，bi-(双)，multi-(多)，auto-(自)。 retell,reform,misunderstand,mistrust,anti-war,anti-social,ex-president, ex-boyfriend,preview,preheat,prepare,post-war,postgraduate,forecast, foresee,self-control,self-important,supermarket,superman,subdivide, subway,interact,interconnection,transport,translate,ultraviolet,ultrasonic, semi-final,semiconductor,vice-premier,vice-chairman,uniform,unilateral, bicycle,bimonthly,multinational,multistage,automation,automobile
英语构词法 派生法（前缀+词根、词根+后缀） (一) 后缀：许多名词、形容词、副词和动词是由词根加后缀构成的。 1．构成名词的常用后缀有： (1) -er, -or, -ist, -ee, -ian, -ese, -ant 等用于构成表示人或物的名称。 例如：thinker, guesser, translator, teacher, conductor, physicist, dentist, employee, trainee, physician, Chinese, Japanese, Italian, assistant, applicant. (2) -ance, -ence, -(a)tion, -sion, -ics, -ing, -ity, -ment, -ness, -th, -ty, -ure, -ship 等用于 构成表示行为、性质、状态等的抽象名词。 例如： acceptance, assistance, dependence, confidence, repetition, preparation, discussion, division, physics, fabrics, building, wedding, reality, ability, settlement, argument, greatness, hardness, warmth, length, safety, penalty, failure, pressure, friendship, leadership. 2．构成形容词的常用后缀有：-able, -ible, -al, -ful, -less, -ish, -ive, -ous, -an, -ic, -ly, -ant, -ent, -ary, -en 等。 例如：available, suitable, responsible, permissible, natural, national, powerful, faithful, fearless, useless, selfish, childish, collective, decisive, famous, continuous, American, European, historic, scientific, friendly, lively, thirsty, noisy, significant, pleasant, dependent, consistent, secondary, imaginary, golden, wooden. 3．构成副词的常用后缀有：-ly, -ward, -wise 等。 例如：terribly, regularly, homeward, eastward, otherwise, likewise. 4．构成动词的常用后缀有：-ise, -ize, -en, -ify 等。 例如：realize, modernize, Americanize, widen, strengthen, verify, modify. (二) 前缀：词根加前缀多数不改变词性，只引起词义的变化。 1．表示相反意义的前缀有：un-, dis-, in-, im-, ir-, il-, de-等。 例如： unhappy, uncomfortable, unload, uncover, dislike, disagree, informal, inaccurate, irregular, irresponsible, illegal, illogical, decode, devalue. 2．表示其它意思的前缀有：re-(重新), mis-(错误地), anti-(反、防), ex-(前), pre-(预 先), post-(后的), fore-(先的), self-(自我的、自动的), super-(超级、上层), sub-(下 面的), inter-(之间的、互相), trans-(跨越、移), ultra-(外、极), semi-(半), vice-(副), uni-(单), bi-(双), multi-(多), auto-(自)。 例如：retell, reform, misunderstand, mistrust, anti-war, anti-social, ex-president, ex-boyfriend, preview, preheat, prepare, post-war, postgraduate, forecast, foresee, self-control, self-important, supermarket, superman, subdivide, subway, interact, interconnection, transport, translate, ultraviolet, ultrasonic, semi-final, semiconductor, vice-premier, vice-chairman, uniform, unilateral, bicycle, bimonthly, multinational, multistage, automation, automobile