Part 1 Studying Genome 1. Genomes, Transcriptomes and proteomes 2. Studying DNA 3. Mapping Genomes 4. Sequencing Genomes 5. Understanding a Genome Sequence 6. Understanding how a genome Functions
Part 1 Studying Genome 1. Genomes, Transcriptomes and Proteomes 2. Studying DNA 3. Mapping Genomes 4. Sequencing Genomes 5. Understanding a Genome Sequence 6. Understanding How a Genome Functions
Chapter 1 Genomes, Transcriptomes and Proteomes DNA: gene and the genome RNA and the transcriptome Protein and the proteomes
Chapter 1 Genomes, Transcriptomes and Proteomes • DNA: gene and the genome • RNA and the transcriptome • Protein and the Proteomes
1.1 DNA Human cell ③ Human family Nuclear genome Mitochondrial genome 才
1.1 DNA
GENOME Transcription TRANSCRIPTOME RNA copies of the active protein-coding genes Translation PROTEOME The cells repertoire of proteins Figure 1.2 Genomes 3( Garland Science 2007)
Figure 1.2 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)
1.1.1 Genes are made of dna 1903. WS Sutton had realized that the inheritance patterns of genes paralleled the behavior of chromosomes during cell division Protein vs dna The most conclusive way to identify the chemical composition of genes would be to purify some and subject them to chemical analysis. But nothing like this had ever been attempted and it was not clear how it could be done. Ironically, the experiment was performed almost unwittingly by a group of scientists who did not look upon themselves as molecular biologists and who were not motivated by a curiosity to know what genes are made of
1.1.1. Genes are made of DNA • 1903, WS Sutton had realized that the inheritance patterns of genes paralleled the behavior of chromosomes during cell division. • Protein vs DNA • The most conclusive way to identify the chemical composition of genes would be to purify some and subject them to chemical analysis. But nothing like this had ever been attempted and it was not clear how it could be done. Ironically, the experiment was performed almost unwittingly by a group of scientists who did not look upon themselves as molecular biologists and who were not motivated by a curiosity to know what genes are made of
The transforming principle Harmless bacteria Mouse survives Harmless bacteria Mouse dies Virulent bacteria transforming principle Harmless bacteria Mouse dies Virulent bacteria transforming principle treated with protease or ribonuclease Harmless bacteria Mouse survives transforming principl treated with deoxyribonuclease
The Hershey-Chase DNA experiment Protein capsid-A Phage attached to bacteria Agitate in blender t Phage now o detached centrifuge a上 70%32p 20%355
1.1.2 The structure of dna (A)A nucleotide "0-Plo-PPo-P-o-cH2 BASE o 4'C Phosphate OH H Sugar (B)The four bases in DNA NH2 HN HC HC N C\3/CH N N NH2 O N Adenine(A) Cytosine(() Guanine (G) Thymine(T)
1.1.2 The structure of DNA
1.1.2 The structure of dna 5′- P terminus o-P-0-P-0-P-0一cH2 BASE 5 A phosphodiester bond 0=P-O-CH2 BASE 3 o=P一0-cH BASE OH 3-oH terminus
1.1.2 The structure of DNA
1.1.2 The structure of dna Table l1 features of different conformations of the dna double helix Feature B-DNA A-DNA Z-DNA Type of helⅸx Right-handed Right-handed Left-handed Helical diameter (nm) 2.37 2.55 1.84 Rise per base pair(nm) 0.34 0.29 Distance per complete turn(pitch)(nm) 3.4 3.2 4.5 Number of base pairs per complete turn Topology of major groove Wide, deep Narrow, deep Topology of minor groove Narrow, shallow Broad shallo Narrow. de
1.1.2 The structure of DNA