虚拟语气
虚拟语气
Subjunctive(虚拟语气 1)虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望 或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是 事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件 句中应用比较多。 2)条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件 句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件 句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的 情况,故采用虚拟语气
Subjunctive (虚拟语气 ) 1）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望 或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是 事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件 句中应用比较多。 2）条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件 句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件 句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的 情况，故采用虚拟语气
五仨 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 、宾语从句中的虛拟语气 主语从句中的虚拟语气 四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气 五、状语从句中的虛拟语气 几种特殊的虚拟语气
一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 三、主语从句中的虚拟语气 四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气 五、状语从句中的虚拟语气 六、几种特殊的虚拟语气
虚拟语气在条件从句中 在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句),表示与事实相反 件。分三种情况: 表示与事实条件从句的谓语形主句的谓语形式 情况相反式 表示现在情过去式dd would /could/might/ 况 (be常用were) should+动词原形 表示过去情过去完成式hd情态动词+have+过 况表况 +done 去分词 示将来情④过去式dd) would/could/ might/s ② should+do houd+动词原形 ③ were to+do
虚拟语气在条件从句中 在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条 件。分三种情况： 表示与事实 情况相反 条件从句的谓语形 式 主句的谓语形式 表示现在情 况 过去式(did) (be常用were) would / could / might / should+ 动词原形 表示过去情 况 过去完成式(had +done 情态动词+have+过 去分词 表示将来情 况 ①过去式(did) ②should + do ③were to + do would/could/might/s hould+动词原形
a,与现在事交相反的假设 条件从句 主句 般过去时(be用were)woud/eoud/mgh+动词 原形 例如:如果他们在这儿,会帮助你的 If they were here they would help you 含义: They are not here, they can' t help you
a. 与现在事实相反的假设 条件从句 主句 一般过去时（be用were）would /could/might+动词 原形 例如：如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。 If they were here, they would help you. 含义：They are not here, they can’t help you
b.与过去事实相反的假设 条件从句 主句 过去完成时(had+过去woud/ could/migh+ 分词) have+过去分词 如:如果他昨天来了的话,我就把这件事告诉他 ifhe had come yesterday, i would have told him about it 含义: He did not come yesterday, sodid not tell 元t
b. 与过去事实相反的假设 条件从句 主句 过去完成时（had + 过去 分词） would/could/might+ have+ 过去分词 如：如果他昨天来了的话，我就把这件事告诉他 了。 If he had come yesterday, I would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it
c表示欢将夹不可能发生的情的假 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 would/ould/ might动 were+t+动词原形词原形 should+动词原形 例如:如果你成功了,一切都会好的。 Ifyou succeeded, everything would be all right. ifyou were to succeed, everything would be all right. Ifyou should succeed, everything would be all right. 含义: You are not likely to succeed., everything will b n0形
c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 would/could/might+动 were+ to +动词原形 词原形 should+ 动词原形 例如：如果你成功了，一切都会好的。 If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. 含义：You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now
虚拟语气在混合条件句中的应用: 有时,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,主 句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 种条件句叫做混合条件句。 1如果你昨天问过他,今天就知道做什么了。 Ifyou had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do today. (从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。) 2如果昨晚下过雨,今天就会很冷了。 mnng(过法, it would be very ce
虚拟语气在混合条件句中的应用： 有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从 句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这 种条件句叫做混合条件句。 1.如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do today. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。 If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）
注意:在虚语气的从句中,动词3e的去时 念一铺用were”,不用ws,即在从句 were/ta 1如果我是你,就会去找他 Ifl were you, I would go to look for him. 2如果他在这儿,一切都会好的 The were here, everything would be all right
注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词‘be’的过去时 态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用 were代替。 1.如果我是你，就会去找他。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 2.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 If he were here, everything would be all right
虚拟条件句的倒装: 虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should,或h 可省略if,再把were, should或had移到从句 首,实行倒装。例如: 1他们现在在的话,就会帮助我们了。 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they werk here now, they could help us 2你来得早一点,就碰到他了。 ha gome earlier, you would have met him=If had come earlier, you would have met him
虚拟条件句的倒装： 虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句 首，实行倒装。例如： 1.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. 2.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。 Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him