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分词
分词的分类 分词分现在分词、过去分词两种。过去分词就只有 种形式done现在分词有四种形式: 主动式 被动式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done dong的基本含义是:表主动、正在进行 done的基本含义是:表被动、已经完成 being done(常作定语):表一个被动的动作正在 进行 having(been)done(作状语,不能作定语) 所表示的动作在谓语动 词之前发生
• 分词的分类： • 分词分现在分词、过去分词两种。过去分词就只有 一种形式done,现在分词有四种形式： • doing的基本含义是：表主动、正在进行 done的基本含义是： 表被动、已经完成 being done(常作定语）：表一个被动的动作正在 • 进行 having （been) done(作状语，不能作定语）： • 所表示的动作在谓语动 • 词之前发生。 • 主动式 被动式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done
分词的句法功能 作表语 1一些动词中文含义是“使”,作表语时,如果是主 语具有的特征(令人……)就用 doing,如果是主语因 引起的某种状态(感到.)就要用done move(使激动) please(使高兴) tire(使疲倦) dumbfound(使目瞪口呆) surprise(使奇怪) puzl(使迷惑) astonish(使惊奇) satisfy(使满意) amaze(使惊愕) Inspire(使鼓舞) interes(使感兴趣) discourage(使灰心) excite(使兴奋) exhaust(使衰竭、疲倦) frighten(使害怕) bore(使烦) Wory(使担忧 confuse(使混淆)
分词的句法功能 一、作表语 1.一些动词中文含义是“使……”，作表语时，如果是主 语具有的特征（ 令人 ……)就用doing,如果是主语因… 引起的某种状态（感到…）就要用done. move(使激动） tire(使疲倦） surprise（使奇怪） astonish（使惊奇） amaze（使惊愕） interest(使感兴趣） excite（使兴奋） frighten（使害怕） worry（使担忧） please(使高兴） dumbfound(使目瞪口呆） puzzle(使迷惑） satisfy（使满意） inspire（使鼓舞） discourage（使灰心） exhaust( 使衰竭、疲倦） bore(使烦） confuse( 使混淆）
2另一类动词其含义仍然是“使.”但并 不表示主语的特征,只表示主语的状态,均用 done作表语 station(使驻扎)置.于某处 eg. Those soldiers are stationed beside the sea. seat(使就坐) eg. i found them seated in the back. locate/ situate(使坐落) eg. Our school is located/situated by a river. wound/ injure(使受伤) eg. His brother was wounded in the first world war. They were injured in the car accident expose (使曝光、使露光) eg. his skin is often exposed to the sun occupy eg. We are always occupied with English study
• 2.另一类动词其含义仍然是“使……”，但并 不表示主语的特征，只表示主语的状态，均用 done作表语 station (使驻扎）/置…… 于某处 • eg. Those soldiers are stationed beside the sea. seat (使就坐） • eg. I found them seated in the back. locate/situate（使坐落） • eg. Our school is located/situated by a river. wound/injure（使受伤） • eg. His brother was wounded in the First World War. • They were injured in the car accident. expose(使曝光、使露光） • eg.His skin is often exposed to the sun. occupy • eg .We are always occupied with English study
还有一些固定的短语: be lost in be covered with be prepared for · be determined to do be caught in be devoted to sth/doing sth be stuck · be faced with be contented with be hidden in be dressed (他们都有一个共同点:几乎都可以换成sb/ oneself) seat sb/oneself 主要靠平时积累 · dress sb/ oneself expose sb/ oneself plant sb/oneself prepare sb/oneself devote oneself to determine sb/ oneself station sb/oneself occupy sb/ oneself
• 还有一些固定的短语： • be lost in, • be prepared for • be determined to do • be devoted to sth/doing sth • be faced with • be hidden in • be dressed （ 他们都有一个共同点：几乎都可以换成…sb/oneself ) • seat sb/oneself • dress sb/oneself • expose sb/ oneself • prepare sb/oneself • determine sb/ oneself • occupy sb/ oneself be covered with be caught in be stuck be contented with plant sb/oneself devote oneself to station sb/oneself 主 要 靠 平 时 积 累
补充 greet 1(常用于被动语态)(以某种方式)“对…,作出反应 with/as) 1)My ability is often greeted with suspicion. (我能力常受到人们的怀疑) 2)My arrival was greeted as a favor to him. (我的到达被看做是给他的一种恩惠) 2.(常用于被动语态)“映入…眼帘” 传入…/鼻中” I)As soon as we came in, our eyes were greeted by the flowers/the flowers greeted our eyes 2)As soon as we came in ,our ears were greeted by shouts of anger/shouts of anger greeted our ears 3)As soon as we came in, our noses were greeted by the smell/the smell greeted our noses 3.和某人打招呼,欢迎,迎接 greet sb with a smile--m--be greeted with a smile
补充： 1.(常用于被动语态）(以某种方式)“对 ……作出反应” （with/as) 1) My ability is often greeted with suspicion. (我能力常受到人们的怀疑） 2)My arrival was greeted as a favor to him. (我的到达被看做是给他的一种恩惠） 2. (常用于被动语态)“映入……眼帘” “传入….. 耳/ 鼻中” 1)As soon as we came in ,our eyes were greeted by the flowers/the flowers greeted our eyes 2)As soon as we came in ,our ears were greeted by shouts of anger/shouts of anger greeted our ears 3)As soon as we came in ,our noses were greeted by the smell/the smell greeted our noses. 3.和某人打招呼，欢迎，迎接 greet sb with a smile-----be greeted with a smile . greet
present (常用于被动语态)“使发生、使经历” present sb with sth eg. 1.On his retirement, he was presented with a set of golf clubs (他退休之际别人送给他一副高尔夫球棒) 2. We are presented with some inconvenience by your request 你的请求给我们带来了些不便 3. Now, they are presented with a serious problem 〔现在他们遇到了严重的问题) strike 1、(常用于被动语态)哑、聋、瞎。顿时使出于某状态 be struck dumb/deaf/blind (一时什么也说不出/听不见/看不见) 2 strike sb(给某人影响、让某人觉得) How does the idea strike you? 你觉得这个主意怎样?)
present (常用于被动语态）“使发生、使经历” present sb with sth eg. 1.On his retirement,he was presented with a set of golf clubs. (他退休之际别人送给他一副高尔夫球棒） 2.We are presented with some inconvenience by your request. (你的请求给我们带来了些不便） 3.Now,they are presented with a serious problem. (现在他们遇到了严重的问题） strike 1.(常用于被动语态）哑、聋、瞎。顿时使出于某状态 be struck dumb/deaf/blind (一时什么也说不出/听不见/看不见） 2.strike sb (给某人影响、让某人觉得） How does the idea strike you ? (你觉得这个主意怎样？）
3miSs/lose(丢失) lose作表语要用done(lost) mis作表语要用 doing( mIssing) eg. My pen is lost. My pen is missing
3.miss/lose（丢失） lose 作表语要用done (lost) miss作表语要用doing (missing) eg. My pen is lost. My pen is missing
、作定语 1.单个的分词作定 语放在被修饰 笑券 目售楼修锦高凰评 系用 doing,是动宾关系用done.如 the reading girl the girl reading in the classroom the broken cup the cup broken this morning 2. miss--missing lose--lost he missing boy the lost boy 3使 excited crowd exciting news frightening dog frightened dog
• 二 、作定语 • 1. 单个的分词作定语放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作 定语放在被修饰词之后.与被修饰的词是逻辑上的主谓 关系用doing,是动宾关系用done. 如： • the reading girl • the girl reading in the classroom • the broken cup • the cup broken this morning • 2.miss——missing lose——lost • the missing boy the lost boy • 3.使…… • excited crowd exciting news • frightening dog frightened dog •
4.有些不及物动词 doing表动作正在进行, done表动作已经完成 boiling water(正在开的水 boiled water(开过的水) falling leaves(往下掉的叶) fallen leaves(落地的叶) rising sun(初升的太阳) risen sun (升起的太阳) developing country(发展中国家) developed country(发达国家) changing enshi(变化中的恩施 changed enshi(变化了的恩施) the burning sun(灼热的太阳) burned toast(烤焦的面包片) drowning boy(溺水的男孩) drowned rat(落汤鸡) returning professor(回途中的教授) returned professor(回来了的教授)
• 4.有些不及物动词doing表动作正在进行， done表动作已经完成。 boiling water (正在开的水） boiled water (开过的水） falling leaves (往下掉的叶） fallen leaves（落地的叶） rising sun（初升的太阳） risen sun（升起的太阳） developing country（发展中国家） developed country（发达国家） changing Enshi（变化中的恩施） changed Enshi（变化了的恩施） the burning sun（灼热的太阳） burned toast（烤焦的面包片） drowning boy （溺水的男孩） drowned rat（落汤鸡） returning professor(回途中的教授） returned professor ( 回来了的教授） •