考点17篇章结构题 【真题解密】 According to sociologists(社会学家), every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification (gr E). Class, power and status are important in deciding people s rank in society Class means a person s economic position in society. A commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class. While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined, they do describe societies like the
考点 17 篇章结构题 【真题解密】 According to sociologists(社会学家)，every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(阶 层)．Class，power and status are important in deciding people’s rank in society. Class means a person’s economic position in society.A commonly used classification is lower class，middle class and upper class.While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined，they do describe societies like the
United States quite well. One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class, 46% the middle class and 1% the upper class. Interestingly, a surgeon earning S500,000 a year and a bus driver earning $50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class. Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people. obviously, people in positions of great power (such as governors)exercise(i]ie )big power, but people who take orders from others have less power. Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however. For example
United States quite well. One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class,46% the middle class， and 1% the upper class. Interestingly，a surgeon earning $500,000 a year and a bus driver earning $50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class! Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people. Obviously，people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise(行使) big power，but people who take orders from others have less power. Power and class do not always go hand in hand，however. For example
the governor of a state has great power, but he or she may not belong to a corresponding(相应的) economIc class. Generally, however, there is a relationship between power and class To our knowledge, there aren t too many people who aren t millionaires in the U. S Senate Status is the honor or respect attached to a persons position in society. It can also be affected by power and class but not necessarily so. For example, a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others (2013陕西,C
the governor of a state has great power，but he or she may not belong to a corresponding( 相应的 ) economic class.Generally，however，there is a relationship between power and class.To our knowledge，there aren’t too many people who aren’t millionaires in the U．S. Senate! Status is the honor or respect attached to a person’s position in society.It can also be affected by power and class， but not necessarily so.For example，a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others. (2013·陕西，C)
54. What can we learn about "the middle class from Paragraph 2? A. People earning $50,000 a year belong to the middle class. B. Nearly half Americans belong to the middle class C. People generally consider bus drivers as the middle class D. Sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class 解析细节理解题。由文章第二段第四句中“.46%the middle class.”可知,B项正确。文中并未说出 middle class 的清晰定义,所以A、C、D三项的表述都是不恰当的。 答案B
54．What can we learn about “the middle class” from Paragraph 2? A．People earning $50,000 a year belong to the middle class. B．Nearly half Americans belong to the middle class. C．People generally consider bus drivers as the middle class. D．Sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class. 解 析 细节理解题。由文章第二段第四句中“...46% the middle class...”可知，B 项正确。文中并未说出 middle class 的清晰定义，所以 A、C、D 三项的表述都是不恰当的。 答案 B
55. According to the text, we know that A A. power and class do not always correspond with each other B. status refers to a person s economic position in society C. people with high status have a lot of control over others D. class is less important in deciding a person s social rank 解析推理判断题。由文章第三段第三句“ Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however:”可知,A项正确。A项 中的 correspond with意为“与……相符合”;B项 status的定 义在最后一段第一句;C项从最后一段最后一句可知是错误 的;D项在文中找不到依据
55．According to the text，we know that ________. A．power and class do not always correspond with each other B．status refers to a person’s economic position in society C．people with high status have a lot of control over others D．class is less important in deciding a person’s social rank 解析 推理判断题。由文章第三段第三句“Power and class do not always go hand in hand，however.”可知，A 项正确。A 项 中的 correspond with 意为“与……相符合”；B 项 status 的定 义在最后一段第一句；C 项从最后一段最后一句可知是错误 的；D 项在文中找不到依据。 A
56. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? 典 (P4 (P3 P4) B C D P: Paragraph 解析文章结构题。文章第一段总述三者对一个人社会等级 的影响,然后依次分述 class., power和 status三个因素。文 章是总分式,故选择A项 答案A
56．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? (P：Paragraph) 解析 文章结构题。文章第一段总述三者对一个人社会等级 的影响，然后依次分述 class，power 和 status 三个因素。文 章是总分式，故选择 A 项。 答案 A
【技巧归纳】 解答此类题目首先要了解文章结构,从段落组织方式上 看,有三种形式:总分式结构(总→分→总;总→分;分→总) 并列式结构段落之间是平行关系,并且相对独立)、对照式结 构(结构形式是一正一反)。要想准确深刻地理解一篇文章,必 须对文章的结构有所了解,把握文章的脉搏,特别是把握段 与段之间的逻辑关系,然后分析作者采用了什么论证手段证 明主题,从而正确解答试题。近几年还有些试题考查全文或 某一段落是以什么样的形式展开论述的,一般来说有的按事 情发展的顺序,有的按时间的先后顺序,有的按人物的活动 内容,还有的按地点或空间的位置变换,阅读时要特别注意
【技巧归纳】 解答此类题目首先要了解文章结构，从段落组织方式上 看，有三种形式：总分式结构(总→分→总；总→分；分→总)、 并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结 构(结构形式是一正一反)。要想准确深刻地理解一篇文章，必 须对文章的结构有所了解，把握文章的脉搏，特别是把握段 与段之间的逻辑关系，然后分析作者采用了什么论证手段证 明主题，从而正确解答试题。近几年还有些试题考查全文或 某一段落是以什么样的形式展开论述的，一般来说有的按事 情发展的顺序，有的按时间的先后顺序，有的按人物的活动 内容，还有的按地点或空间的位置变换，阅读时要特别注意
【趁热打铁】 Wilderness “ In wilderness荒野) is the preservation of the world. This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism.The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved As John Sauven of greenpeace uk points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many
【趁热打铁】 Wilderness “In wilderness( 荒 野 ) is the preservation of the world.”This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism.The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection：whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved. As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out，there is a strong appeal in images of the wild，the untouched；more than anything else，they speak of the nature that many
people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes((景观)is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need-the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities To Mr Sauven, these ecosystem services far outweigh the gains from exploitation Lee lane, a visiting fellow at the hudson Institute takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are
people value most dearly.The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong ， and the danger exploitation( 开 发 ) brings to such landscapes( 景 观 ) is real.Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests，for example，store carbon in vast quantities.To Mr.Sauven，these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation. Lee Lane，a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute， takes the opposing view.He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services，such as water conservation.But that is not，he argues，a reason to avoid all human presence， or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are
ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. while the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself,a characteristic worth valuing above all others
ever more people on the Earth，and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives，rather than merely struggle for survival.While the ways of using resources have improved，there is still a growing need for raw materials， and some wildernesses contain them in abundance.If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide，the argument goes，there is no further reason not to do so.Being untouched is not，in itself，a characteristic worth valuing above all others