w单杂环 ·5员杂环 失喃 噻吩 吡咯 furan thiophene pyrrole 噻唑 吡唑 咪唑 thiazole pyrazole imidazole 噁唑 异恶唑 oxazole isoxazole
O 5 1 2 4 3 5 furan S 1 2 4 3 5 1 2 4 3 5 N H thiophene pyrrole N S N N H N N 1 H 2 4 3 5 1 2 4 3 5 1 2 4 3 5 thiazole pyrazole imidazole N O O N oxazole isoxazole
·6员杂环 吡啶 吡喃 密啶 pyridine pyran pyrimidine 必秦 吡嗪 pyridazine pyrazine 稠杂环 IN 8 2 3 喋啶 purine pteridine
6 N N N O N N N N pyridine pyran pyrimidine pyridazine pyrazine 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 N N N N N N N N purine pteridine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 H
苯稠杂环 H 喹啉 异唑啉 引哚 quinoline isoquinoline indole 吖啶 acridine ★命名 CH3 3-甲基-2-溴噻吩 Br (B-甲基-0-溴塞吩)
N N N H N 1 2 3 5 4 6 7 8 1 2 3 5 4 6 7 8 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 quinoline isoquinoline indole acridine β α S CH3 Br 3- -2- β- -α-
COOH -吡啶甲酸(烟酸、尼克酸) 9 ONH2 阝-此啶甲酰胺(烟酰胺、尼克酰胺 烟酸+烟酰胺一维生素PP(属B族维生素) HS- N-甲基-5-巯基咪唑 CH3 CoHs- 5-苯基噻唑 杂原子编号顺序:O一→S一NH一N
N N HS CH3 N- -5- N COOH β- N S C6H5 O S NH N 5- N CONH2 β- + PP B
CH3 3-甲基引哚(粪臭素) H 芳香性? 2H-此喃 4H-此喃 7H-骠玲 9H-嘌吟 (药物分子中) (生物体中】
O O 2H- 4H- 7H- 9HN CH3 H 3- N N N N H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 N N N N H
二、5、6员杂环化合物 1.芳香性 给构芬析 茶 吡啶 π电子=6(特合4n+2规则) 0 芳香性
5 6 1. π = 6 4n+2 C H C H C H H C C H N C H C H C H H C C H C H N