Chapter five Microbial metabolism section A Heterotrophic pathways section B Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation sectionC Autotrophic metabolism Section D Biosynthetic pathways
Chapter five Microbial metabolism section A Heterotrophic pathways section B Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation section C Autotrophic metabolism Section D Biosynthetic pathways
Key notes(1) Metabolism is divided into those pathways that are degradative(catabolic)and those that are involved in synthesis. Catabolic pathways often produce energy. Microbes that utilize organic molecules as a source of energy are called heterotrophs Phototrophs obtain energy from light, and lithotrophs(无机营养菌) obtain energy from inorganIc compounds Nutritional types
Metabolism is divided into those pathways that are degradative (catabolic) and those that are involved in synthesis. Catabolic pathways often produce energy. Microbes that utilize organic molecules as a source of energy are called heterotrophs. Phototrophs obtain energy from light, and lithotrophs(无机营养菌) obtain energy from inorganic compounds. Key notes (1) Nutritional types
catabolic and anabolic metabolism Metabolism in all cells is divided into catabolic(those pathways involved in breakdown of organic molecules for energy and the production of small compounds that may be used for synthesis)and anabolic (pathways involved in synthesis)processes In all organisms these pathways are balanced as the energy required for anabolic processes is produced by catabolic pathways In mammalian cells, energy production has been maximized by the use of oxygen and thus the cell is usually well supplied with energy; however, in microbes this is not always the case
Metabolism in all cells is divided into catabolic (those pathways involved in breakdown of organic molecules for energy and the production of small compounds that may be used for synthesis) and anabolic (pathways involved in synthesis) processes. In all organisms these pathways are balanced as the energy required for anabolic processes is produced by catabolic pathways. In mammalian cells, energy production has been maximized by the use of oxygen and thus the cell is usually well supplied with energy; however, in microbes this is not always the case. catabolic and anabolic metabolism
Microbial metabolic types Microbes can be divided into metabolic classes which relate to the sources of energy they use. The three groups are: 1. heterotrophs which utilize organic molecules as a source of energy(these are also called chemo organotrophs化能有机营养型); 2. phototrophs which obtain energy from light 3. lithotrophs which obtain energy from inorganic compounds Carbon(ux) for cell synthesis is obtained from organic molecules; however, some microbes, including the phototrophs, fix CO2
Microbes can be divided into metabolic classes which relate to the sources of energy they use. The three groups are: 1. heterotrophs which utilize organic molecules as a source of energy (these are also called chemoorganotrophs化能有机营养型); 2. phototrophs which obtain energy from light 3. lithotrophs which obtain energy from inorganic compounds. Carbon(碳素) for cell synthesis is obtained from organic molecules; however, some microbes, including the phototrophs, fix CO2 . Microbial metabolic types
Catabolism Metabolism anabolism complex molecule -simple molecules +ATP+[H* ( Organic material)② H] stands for reducing power(还原力) ① catabolism enzyme complex(分解代谢酶系) ② anabolism enzyme complex(合成代谢酶系)
Catabolism Metabolism anabolism ① complex molecule simple molecules +ATP+[H]* （Organic material ） ② *[H] stands for reducing power (还原力) ① catabolism enzyme complex（分解代谢酶系） ② anabolism enzyme complex （合成代谢酶系）
Energy metabolism organic material Primary energy sources(最初能源) Chemoheterotrophs reduced inorganic material chemoautotrophs universal energy source(通用能源)ATP
organic material Primary energy sources (最初能源) ray irradiation(light) Chemoheterotrophs reduced inorganic material Phototrophs chemoautotrophs universal energy source (通用能源)——ATP Energy metabolism
Section A Heterotrophic pathways Biological oxidation is referred to as all the energy-producing oxidative reactions in the living organism
Section A Heterotrophic pathways Biological oxidation is referred to as all the energy-producing oxidative reactions in the living organism
Biological oxidation (生物氧化) Definition: A series of energy-producing oxidative reactions occurs in the living cells are called biological oxidation The process of biological oxidation(生物氧化的过程) 1 Remove of hydrogen(脱氢) 2 Transfer of hydrogen(递氢) 3 Receive of hydrogen(受氢)
Definition:A series of energy-producing oxidative reactions occurs in the living cells are called biological oxidation. The process of biological oxidation (生物氧化的过程) 1.Remove of hydrogen (脱氢) 2.Transfer of hydrogen (递氢) 3.Receive of hydrogen (受氢) Biological oxidation (生物氧化）
Function of biological oxidation(生物氧化的功能) Produce energy 产能) 2. Produce reducing power [H(产还原力) 3. Small intermediate metabolites(产小分子中间代谢物) Types of biological oxidation 1. Aerobic respiration(好氧呼吸) 2 Anaerobic respiration(厌氧呼吸) 3. Fermentation (发酵)
Function of biological oxidation(生物氧化的功能) 1. Produce energy (产能) 2. Produce reducing power [H] (产还原力) 3. Small intermediate metabolites (产小分子中间代谢物) Types of biological oxidation: 1. Aerobic respiration (好氧呼吸) 2 .Anaerobic respiration(厌氧呼吸) 3. Fermentation (发酵)
Removin Pathways of removing of hydrogen:(in the case of Glucose EMP (glycosis 2. HMP (pentose phosphate pathway or WD) 3. ED (KDPG) 4. TCA cycle(citric acid cycle
Pathways of removing of hydrogen: (in the case of Glucose ) 1. EMP (glycosis) 2. HMP (pentose phosphate pathway or WD) 3. ED (KDPG) 4. TCA cycle (citric acid cycle) Removin g