ChapterⅣ Immune response
Chapter Ⅳ Immune response
Immune response Definition immune response is a biological process mediated by the antibody or cytokines produced by immune cells which was activated after antigen recognition, then proliferate and differentiate into effector cells (免疫细胞识别抗原后活化、增殖、分化为效应细胞, 并通过其所分泌的抗体或细胞因子表现出一定生物学效 应的过程
immune response • Definition immune response is a biological process mediated by the antibody or cytokines produced by immune cells which was activated after antigen recognition , then proliferate and differentiate into effector cells. (免疫细胞识别抗原后活化、增殖、分化为效应细胞， 并通过其所分泌的抗体或细胞因子表现出一定生物学效 应的过程。)
Immune response Characteristics 1 Self and nonself discrimination 2 Specificity(特异性) 3. Memory(记忆性)
immune response • Characteristics 1. Self and nonself discrimination 2. Specificity（特异性） 3. Memory（记忆性）
Immune response Type Mechanism (根据发挥效应的机理 humoral immune response cell-mediated immune respons Introduced time of antigen (根据抗原进入体內的时间和次数 primary immune response Secondary immune response
Immune response • Type Mechanism (根据发挥效应的机理) humoral immune response cell-mediated immune respons Introduced time of antigen (根据抗原进入体内的时间和次数) primary immune response Secondary immune response
Immune response Effect(效应) Protective effect self-no rejection Non-self-rejection and elimination Detrimental effect self-rejection Non-self--no rejection or overreact 保护效应(免疫生理)损伤效应(免疫病理) 自己—不排己 自己——排己 非己——排异 非己—不排异或高应答
Effect(效应) • Protective effect self——no rejection Non-self ——rejection and elimination • Detrimental effect self——rejection Non-self ——no rejection or overreact Immune response 损伤效应(免疫病理) 自己——排己 非己——不排异或高应答 保护效应 (免疫生理) 自己——不排己 非己——排异
Section A Humoral Immune Response
Section A. Humoral Immune Response Section 1
A1 the cellular basis of the antibody response
A1 the cellular basis of the antibody response
Key notes Selection and activation of B cells Antigen introduced into an individual binds specifically to B cells with receptors for that antigen In the presence of T cell help these B cells clonally expand (proliferate)and some differentiate into plasma cells which make antibody specific for the antigen triggering the response
Antigen introduced into an individual binds specifically to B cells with receptors for that antigen. In the presence of T cell help these B cells clonally expand (proliferate) and some differentiate into plasma cells which make antibody specific for the antigen triggering the response. Selection and activation of B cells Key notes
Key notes Primary and memory (secondary) responses On first exposure to antigen, a primary immune response develops resulting in production of IgM antibodies. This is usually followed by an IgG immune response within 4-5 days. This response is self limiting and will stop when antigen is no longer available to stimulate b cells. When antigen is reintroduced, there are more antigen specific B cells which have differentiated to more responsive memory B cells, resulting in a more rapid response and usually in IgG antibody production
On first exposure to antigen, a primary immune response develops resulting in production of IgM antibodies. This is usually followed by an IgG immune response within 4-5 days. This response is self limiting and will stop when antigen is no longer available to stimulate B cells. When antigen is reintroduced, there are more antigen specific B cells which have differentiated to more responsive memory B cells, resulting in a more rapid response and usually in IgG antibody production. Primary and memory (secondary) responses Key notes
Key notes Responses are usually multiclonal Antibodies produced by a single cell are homogeneous, but the response to a given antigen involves many different specific antibody producing cells and thus, overall, is very heterogeneous(i.e multiclonal). Moreover, the effectiveness of an antibody response to a microorganism may depend on this heterogeneity
Antibodies produced by a single cell are homogeneous, but the response to a given antigen involves many different specific antibody producing cells and thus, overall, is very heterogeneous (i.e. multiclonal). Moreover, the effectiveness of an antibody response to a microorganism may depend on this heterogeneity. Responses are usually multiclonal Key notes