上海交通大学：《英语文学导论 An Introduction to English Literature》课程教学资源（教学大纲）教学计划（2）.docx_大学文库

"The Two April Mornings" "The Solitary Reaper" Poems,in Two Volumes (1807) "Resolution and Independence" "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud"Also known as "Daffodils" "My Heart Leaps Up" "Ode:Intimations of Immortality" "Ode to Duty" "The Solitary Reaper" Guide to the Lakes (1810) To the Cuckoo The Excursion(1814) The Prelude(1850) Romanticism Romanticism was an artistic,literary,and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and was at its peak from 1800 to 1850.It was partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution,Enlightenment,and the scientific rationalization of nature. The movement emphasized intense emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience,placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension,horror and terror,and awe-especially that experienced in confronting the new aesthetic categories of the sublimity and beauty of nature.Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne were American representatives of Romanticism, Romanticism attached primary importance to the free expression of the feelings of the artist.The importance the Romantics placed on emotion is summed up in the remark of William Wordsworth,that is,poetry should begin as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings,"which the poet then "recollect[s]in tranquility," evoking a new but corresponding emotion the poet can then mould into art.To express these feelings,it was considered that the content of the art had to come from the imagination of the artist,with as little interference as possible from "artificial"rules that dictated what a work should consist of.Samuel Taylor Coleridge and others believed there were natural laws that the imagination-at least of a good creative artist-would unconsciously follow through artistic inspiration if left alone. In the second half of the 19th century,Realism was offered as a polar opposite to Romanticism.The decline of Romanticism during this time was associated with multiple processes,including social and political changes and the spread of nationalism Selected Poems: 2

2 "The Two April Mornings" "The Solitary Reaper" Poems, in Two Volumes (1807) "Resolution and Independence" "I andered Lonely as a Cloud" Also known as "Daffodils" "My Heart Leaps Up" "Ode: Intimations of Immortality" "Ode to Duty" "The Solitary Reaper" Guide to the Lakes (1810) " To the Cuckoo " The Excursion (1814) The Prelude (1850) Romanticism Romanticism was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and was at its peak from 1800 to 1850. It was partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, Enlightenment, and the scientific rationalization of nature. The movement emphasized intense emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension, horror and terror, and awe—especially that experienced in confronting the new aesthetic categories of the sublimity and beauty of nature. Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne were American representatives of Romanticism, Romanticism attached primary importance to the free expression of the feelings of the artist. The importance the Romantics placed on emotion is summed up in the remark of illiam ordsworth, that is, poetry should begin as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings," which the poet then "recollect[s] in tranquility," evoking a new but corresponding emotion the poet can then mould into art. To express these feelings, it was considered that the content of the art had to come from the imagination of the artist, with as little interference as possible from "artificial" rules that dictated what a work should consist of. Samuel Taylor Coleridge and others believed there were natural laws that the imagination—at least of a good creative artist—would unconsciously follow through artistic inspiration if left alone. In the second half of the 19th century, Realism was offered as a polar opposite to Romanticism. The decline of Romanticism during this time was associated with multiple processes, including social and political changes and the spread of nationalism. Selected Poems:

an American poet,essayist,and journalist.A humanist,he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism,incorporating both views in his works. Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon,often called the father of free verse.[1]His work was very controversial in its time,particularly his poetry collection Leaves of Grass,which was described as obscene for its overt sexuality.Along with Emily Dickinson,he is considered one of America's most important poets. Poetic theory Whitman wrote in the preface to the 1855 edition of Leaves ofGrass,"The proof of a poet is that his country absorbs him as affectionately as he has absorbed it."He believed there was a vital,symbiotic relationship between the poet and society.This connection was emphasized especially in "Song of Myself"by using an all-powerful first-person narration.As an American epic,it deviated from the historic use of an elevated hero and instead assumed the identity of the common people. Fame and influence Walt Whitman has been claimed as America's first "poet of democracy",a title meant to reflect his ability to write in a singularly American character.A British friend of Walt Whitman,Mary Smith Whitall Costelloe,wrote:"You cannot really understand America without Walt Whitman,without Leaves of Grass...He has expressed that civilization,'up to date,'as he would say,and no student of the philosophy of history can do without him."Modernist poet Ezra Pound called Whitman "America's poet... He is America."Andrew Carnegie called him "the great poet of America so far". Whitman considered himself a messiah-like figure in poetry.Others agreed:one of his admirers,William Sloane Kennedy,speculated that "people will be celebrating the birth of Walt Whitman as they are now the birth of Christ". The literary critic,Harold Bloom wrote,as the introduction for the 150th anniversary of Leaves of Grass: If you are American,then Walt Whitman is your imaginative father and mother, even if,like myself,you have never composed a line of verse.You can nominate a fair number of literary works as candidates for the secular Scripture of the United States. They might include Melville's Moby-Dick,Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and Emerson's two series of Essays and The Conduct of Life.None of those,not even Emerson's,are as central as the first edition of Leaves of Grass. Major Works: 7

7 an American poet, essayist, and journalist. A humanist, he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works. hitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon, often called the father of free verse.[1] His work was very controversial in its time, particularly his poetry collection Leaves of Grass, which was described as obscene for its overt sexuality. Along with Emily Dickinson, he is considered one of America’s most important poets. Poetic theory hitman wrote in the preface to the 1855 edition of Leaves of Grass, "The proof of a poet is that his country absorbs him as affectionately as he has absorbed it." He believed there was a vital, symbiotic relationship between the poet and society. This connection was emphasized especially in "Song of Myself" by using an all-powerful first-person narration. As an American epic, it deviated from the historic use of an elevated hero and instead assumed the identity of the common people. Fame and influence alt hitman has been claimed as America's first "poet of democracy", a title meant to reflect his ability to write in a singularly American character. A British friend of alt hitman, Mary Smith hitall Costelloe, wrote: "You cannot really understand America without alt hitman, without Leaves of Grass... He has expressed that civilization, 'up to date,' as he would say, and no student of the philosophy of history can do without him." Modernist poet Ezra Pound called hitman "America's poet... He is America." Andrew Carnegie called him "the great poet of America so far". hitman considered himself a messiah-like figure in poetry. Others agreed: one of his admirers, illiam Sloane Kennedy, speculated that "people will be celebrating the birth of alt hitman as they are now the birth of Christ". The literary critic, Harold Bloom wrote, as the introduction for the 150th anniversary of Leaves of Grass: If you are American, then alt hitman is your imaginative father and mother, even if, like myself, you have never composed a line of verse. You can nominate a fair number of literary works as candidates for the secular Scripture of the United States. They might include Melville's Moby-Dick, Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and Emerson's two series of Essays and The Conduct of Life. None of those, not even Emerson's, are as central as the first edition of Leaves of Grass. Major Works: