Malaria Yuan Zhe MD Dept.Infectious Disease 1st Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University
Malaria Yuan Zhe MD Dept. Infectious Disease 1st Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University
Definition *Malaria is a parasitosis caused by plasmodia. It is transmitted to human by the bite of mosquito. Clinical feature:cyclic chill,high fever profuse sweating.In chronic illness,there are anemia splenomegaly
Definition ❖Malaria is a parasitosis caused by plasmodia. ❖It is transmitted to human by the bite of mosquito. ❖Clinical feature: cyclic chill, high fever & profuse sweating. In chronic illness, there are anemia & splenomegaly
Etiology Causative organism:Plasmodia P.Vivax:tertian malaria >P.Malariae:quartan malaria >P.Falciparum:malignant malaria >P.Ovale:tertian malaria Pathogenicity:merozoite,malarial pigment products of metabolism
Etiology ❖Causative organism: Plasmodia ➢ P. Vivax: tertian malaria ➢ P. Malariae: quartan malaria ➢ P. Falciparum: malignant malaria ➢P. Ovale: tertian malaria ❖Pathogenicity: merozoite, malarial pigment & products of metabolism
Etiology Tachysporozoite *Bradysporozoite *Merozoite *Sporozoite *Parasitemia
Etiology ❖Tachysporozoite ❖Bradysporozoite ❖Merozoite ❖Sporozoite ❖Parasitemia
Etiology Tow period: >human-whole asexual reproduction >mosquito sexual parasitic stage Two host: >human-intermediate host >mosquito-final host *notes: >clinical symptoms:erythrocytic stage >relapse:exerythrocytic stage >infectivity:sporozoite
Etiology ❖Tow period: ➢human - whole asexual reproduction ➢mosquito - sexual parasitic stage ❖Two host: ➢human - intermediate host ➢mosquito - final host ❖notes: ➢clinical symptoms: erythrocytic stage ➢relapse: exerythrocytic stage ➢infectivity: sporozoite
Life cycle of the malaria parasite oocyst zygote mosquito sporozoite microgametocyte Blood stream gametocyte human tachysporozoite merozoite Bradysporozoite mature mature rupture release shizont merozoite merozoite reenter trophzoite Blood stream phagocyte Exoerythrocytic stage Erythrocytic phase
Life cycle of the malaria parasite mosquito microgametocyte oocyst zygote sporozoite Blood stream tachysporozoite merozoite mature rupture Bradysporozoite Blood stream reenter phagocyte merozoite trophzoite shizont mature release merozoite gametocyte Exoerythrocytic stage Erythrocytic phase human
Epidemiology *Source of infection Patient,parasite carrier Route of transmission >female mosquito biting person blood transfusion Susceptibility: >universal susceptibility no-cross-immunity >re-infection Epidemic features: >sporadic or endemic,tropic or subtropic
Epidemiology ❖Source of infection Patient, parasite carrier ❖Route of transmission ➢female mosquito biting person ➢blood transfusion ❖Susceptibility: ➢universal susceptibility ➢no-cross-immunity ➢re-infection ❖Epidemic features: ➢sporadic or endemic, tropic or subtropic
Pathogenesis Mechanism of attack merozoite RBC rupture→l malaria pigment products of metabolism blood stream-allergy P.Faciparam:produce microvascular disease magnitude of the parasitemia age of patient no specific Ab or cell -mediated response
Pathogenesis ❖Mechanism of attack merozoite RBC rupture malaria pigment products of metabolism blood stream allergy ❖P. Faciparam: produce microvascular disease ❖magnitude of the parasitemia & age of patient ❖no specific Ab or cell -mediated response
Pathology Anemia: >P.Vivax-retiform RBC >P.Malariae -mature RBC >P.Falciparum every RBC Prolifeation of mononuclear phagocyte >hepatomegaly >splenomegaly Cerebral edema congestion
Pathology ❖Anemia: ➢P. Vivax - retiform RBC ➢P. Malariae - mature RBC ➢P. Falciparum - every RBC ❖Prolifeation of mononuclear phagocyte ➢hepatomegaly ➢splenomegaly ❖Cerebral edema & congestion
Clinical manifestation Incubation period: quartan malaria:24-30 day tertian malaria:13~15 day malignant malaria:7~12 day
Clinical manifestation Incubation period: quartan malaria: 24-30 day tertian malaria: 13~15 day malignant malaria: 7~12 day