O Phyical chomitayI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Meelanics Physical Chemistry 2021/821 Chemistry Departme nt of Fudan Universit
Physical ChemistryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mechanics 2021/8/21 Chemistry Department of Fudan University 1 Physical Chemistry
O Phyical chomitayI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Meelanics Chapter one Introduction to quantum Mechanics 1020 meters- 10-20meters The WORLD 1010years-10-18seconds 103stars 10fatoms Can we describe the universe with an uniform theory, especially anan atom scale 20218/21 Chemistry Departme nt of Fudan University
Physical ChemistryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mechanics 2021/8/21 Chemistry Department of Fudan University 2 Chapter One Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 1020 meters~ 10-20meters 1010years ~ 10-18seconds 1013stars ~ 102atoms Can we describe the universe with an uniform theory,especially an an atom scale? The WORLD
O Phyical chomitayI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Meelanics 1-1 Naissance of the Quantum Mechanics 理四ⅧⅢ皿〓 Classical(Newtonian) Maxwell's Theory of Electricity mEchanics and magnetism多 In the late of nineteenth century, some physicists believed that the theoretical structure of physics was complete, is it true? 20218/21 Chemistry Departme nt of Fudan University
Physical ChemistryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mechanics 2021/8/21 Chemistry Department of Fudan University 3 Classical (Newtonian) Mechanics Maxwell’s Theory of Electricity and Magnetism In the late of nineteenth century, some physicists believed that the theoretical structure of physics was complete, is it true? 1-1 Naissance of the Quantum Mechanics
Phgyical ChemidkryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mecltanics 牛顿力学 Maxwell方程电磁波 电磁波能量量子化 旧量子论 波的粒子性 光的粒子性 11年 反推! 新量子论实物粒子的量子化 粒子的波动性 量子力学 20218/21 Chemistry Departme nt of Fudan University
Physical ChemistryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mechanics 2021/8/21 Chemistry Department of Fudan University 4 电磁波能量量子化 光的粒子性 实物粒子的量子化 旧量子论 波的粒子性 新量子论 粒子的波动性 反推！ 量子力学 牛顿力学 Maxwell方程 电磁波 11 年
Phgyical ChemidkryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mecltanics 1900 Max Planck explains blackbody radiation in the context of quantized energy emission: Quantum theory is born Albert Einstein proposes that light, which has wavelike properties, also consists of discrete, 1905 quantized bundles of energy, which are later called photons. Ernest Rutherford proposes the nuclear model of the 1911atom Niels Bohr proposes his planetary model of the atom, along with the concept of stationary energy states 1913 and accounts for the spectrum of hydrogen. 20218/21 Chemistry Departme nt of Fudan University 5
Physical ChemistryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mechanics 2021/8/21 Chemistry Department of Fudan University 5 1900 1905 1911 1913 Max Planck explains blackbody radiation in the context of quantized energy emission: Quantum theory is born. Albert Einstein proposes that light, which has wavelike properties, also consists of discrete, quantized bundles of energy, which are later called photons. Ernest Rutherford proposes the nuclear model of the atom. Niels Bohr proposes his planetary model of the atom, along with the concept of stationary energy states, and accounts for the spectrum of hydrogen
Phgyical ChemidkryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mecltanics 1923 Arthur Compton observes that X-rays behave like miniature billiard balls in their interactions with electrons, thereby providing further evidence for the particle nature of light. 1923 suggesting that particles of matter are also wavelike Louis de broglie generalizes wave-particle duality by 1925 Wolfgang Pauli enunciates the exclusion principle Werner eisenberg Max born, and Pascual Jordan develop matrix mechanics, the first version of quantum 1925 mechanics, and make an initial step toward quantum field theory 20218/21 Chemistry Departme nt of Fudan University
Physical ChemistryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mechanics 2021/8/21 Chemistry Department of Fudan University 6 Arthur Compton observes that x-rays behave like miniature billiard balls in their interactions with electrons, thereby providing further evidence for the particle nature of light. Louis de Broglie generalizes wave-particle duality by suggesting that particles of matter are also wavelike. Wolfgang Pauli enunciates the exclusion principle. Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and Pascual Jordan develop matrix mechanics, the first version of quantum mechanics, and make an initial step toward quantum field theory. 1923 1923 1925 1925
Phgyical ChemidkryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mecltanics 1926 Erwin Schrodinger develops a second description of quantum physics, called wave mechanics. It includes what becomes one of the most famous formulae of science. which is later known as the Schrodinger equation. 1927 Heisenberg states his Uncertainty Principle, that it is impossible to exactly measure the position and momentum of a particle at the same time 1928 Dirac presents a relativistic theory of the electron that includes the prediction of antimatter 20218/21 Chemistry Departme nt of Fudan University
Physical ChemistryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mechanics 2021/8/21 Chemistry Department of Fudan University 7 1926 1927 1928 Erwin Schrodinger develops a second description of quantum physics, called wave mechanics. It includes what becomes one of the most famous formulae of science, which is later known as the Schrodinger equation. Heisenberg states his Uncertainty Principle, that it is impossible to exactly measure the position and momentum of a particle at the same time. Dirac presents a relativistic theory of the electron that includes the prediction of antimatter
Phgyical ChemidkryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mecltanics M. Planck Bragg Lorenzo isenberg Born Cu,/i Langevin Paul Delve D Compton B ore 2021/821 Chemistry Departme nt of Fudan University
Physical ChemistryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mechanics 2021/8/21 Chemistry Department of Fudan University 8 A picture of some famous physicistsin 1927 A.Einstein Curie M.Planck Lorenzo Langevin Debye Bragg Dirac Pauli Heisenberg Bore De Broglie Compton Born
O Phyical chomitayI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Meelanics Quantum Mechanics is one of the most profound and beautiful creations of the human mind.... Their beauty is transcended only by those things that are beyond the reach of man, such as the smile of a child. 20218/21 Chemistry Departme nt of Fudan University
Physical ChemistryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mechanics 2021/8/21 Chemistry Department of Fudan University 9 Quantum Mechanics is one of the most profound and beautiful creations of the human mind. … Their beauty is transcended only by those things that are beyond the reach of man, such as the smile of a child
Phgyical ChemidkryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mecltanics 任何物体都能发光,发热(观察加热铁的变化) 如何定量描述物体之间的热量传递? 热辐射场靠电磁波传热均匀场 热平衡条件:放热=吸热(能量) 基尔霍夫定律:辐射本领/吸收本领=常量=辐射照度(单位面积) μ(T,υ)(J/cm2Hz) 寻找物体,吸收本领=1,可通过测量辐射本领,来得到辐射 照度(辐射场的特征) 20218/21 Chemistry Departme nt of Fudan University 0
Physical ChemistryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mechanics 2021/8/21 Chemistry Department of Fudan University 10 任何物体都能发光，发热 ( 观察加热铁的变化） 如何定量描述物体之间的热量传递？ 热辐射场 靠电磁波传热 热平衡条件：放热=吸热（能量） 基尔霍夫定律： 辐射本领/吸收本领=常量=辐射照度（单位面积） 均匀场 寻找物体，吸收本领=1，可通过测量辐射本领，来得到辐射 照度（辐射场的特征） m(T, u） (J/cm2 Hz)