unit four Functional Gramar
°Warm- Up Questions 1. What is functional grammar 2. What is transitivity?
• Warm-Up Questions: • 1. What is functional grammar? • 2. What is transitivity?
Objectives At the end of this unit you will 1. become familiar with functional grammar; 2. know metafunction, experiential function and interpersonal function 3. be able to use cohesive devices in the text
Objectives • At the end of this unit you will • 1. become familiar with functional grammar； • 2. know metafunction, experiential function and interpersonal function; • 3. be able to use cohesive devices in the text
introduction The differences between systemic grammar and other Linguistic theories Firstly, it attaches great importance to the sociological aspects of language Secondly, it views language as a form of doing rather than a form of knowing. It distinguishes potential linguistic behavior from actual linguistic behavior
The differences between systemic grammar and other linguistictheories: Firstly, it attaches great importance to the sociological aspects of language. Secondly, it views language as a form of doing rather than a form of knowing. It distinguishes potential linguistic behavior from actual linguistic behavior
Thirdly, it gives a relatively high priority to description of the characteristics of particular languages and particular varieties of languages Fourthly, it explains a number of aspects of language in terms of clines (i.e. ungrammatical >more unusual >less unusua→ less usua|→> grammatica)
• Thirdly, it gives a relatively high priority to description of the characteristics of particular languages and particular varieties of languages. • Fourthly, it explains a number of aspects of language in terms of clines. • (i.e. ungrammatical →more unusual →less unusual →less usual→ grammatical)
Fifthly, it seeks verification of its hypotheses by means of observation from texts and by means of statistical techniques Lastly, it has as its central category, the category of the system
• Fifthly, it seeks verification of its hypotheses by means of observation from texts and by means of statistical techniques. Lastly, it has as its central category, the category of the system
e Functtonof language e used for communication The function of language could be focused on: I from pragmatic perspective concentrating on the meaning and the conditions on the appropriate uses of language 2. from discourse perspective concerned with the construction of texts or discourses using grammatical and lexical devices
• used for communication The function of language could be focused on: • 1. from pragmatic perspective concentrating on the meaning and the conditions on the appropriate uses of language • 2. from discourse perspective concerned with the construction of texts or discourses using grammatical and lexical devices
Halliday'y view oflanguage Systemic-Functional Grammar S sociological oriented functional linguistic approach and one of the most influential linguistic theories in the twentieth century, having great effect on various disciplines related to language, such as language teaching, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, stylistics, and machine translation.(胡壮麟,2002:692)
• Systemic-Functional Grammar is a sociological oriented functional linguistic approach and one of the most influential linguistic theories in the twentieth century, having great effect on various disciplines related to language, such as language teaching, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, stylistics, and machine translation. (胡壮麟, 2002: 692)
Metafunction(元功能) The concept of Metafunction(元功能) is one of the basic concepts on which systemic-functional grammar is constructed The three metafunctions in functional grammar are Ideational(概念), Interpersonal(人际) and Textual(语篇) functions, which are highly coded and abstract a clause is the simultaneous realization of ideational interpersonal and textual meanings
The concept of Metafunction（元功能) is one of the basic concepts on which systemic–functional grammar is constructed. The three metafunctions in functional grammar are Ideational(概念), Interpersonal （人际）and Textual （语篇） functions, which are highly coded and abstract. A clause is the simultaneous realization of ideational, interpersonal and textual meanings
Ideational m vor Ideational meaning is concerned with understanding the environment or construing experience, that is to say, we could use language to interpret and represent the world for one another and for ourselves. It is actualized by transitivity, voice (active, passive or middle voice) and polarity (positive or negative transitivity being the major system
Ideational meaning is concerned with understanding the environment or construing experience, that is to say, we could use language to interpret and represent the world for one another and for ourselves. It is actualized by transitivity, voice (active, passive or middle voice) and polarity (positive or negative), transitivity being the major system
