Unit Three Pragmatics
Unit Three Pragmatics
Warm-up questions 1. Explain the meaning of"It's cold here 2. Give a definition of pragmatics
Warm-up questions • 1. Explain the meaning of “It’s cold here”. • 2. Give a definition of pragmatics
Objectives: At the end of this unit you will 1. become familiar with the pragmatics 2. know main points of speech act theory, cooperation principle( cp) and politeness principle(pp)
Objectives: • At the end of this unit you will • 1. become familiar with the pragmatics; • 2. know main points of speech act theory, cooperation principle(CP) and politeness principle(PP)
An Introduction to the pragmatics Pragmatics: is a subfield of linguistics which studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning (I)Im working on my course paper (2)Whos at the door? Im working on my course paper (3)What are you doing? Im working on my course paper (4)as luck would have it (5)We run out of petrol on the way home but as luck would have it,we are very near a garage
An Introduction to the pragmatics Pragmatics：is a subfield of linguistics which studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning. • (1)I’m working on my course paper. • (2) Who’s at the door? ―I’m working on my course paper. • (3) What are you doing? ―I’m working on my course paper. • (4) as luck would have it • (5) We run out of petrol on the way home, but as luck would have it, we are very near a garage
The difference between Semantics and Pragmatics Semantics: is the study of meaning isolated from context Pragmatics: is concerned with how that meaning is used and negotiated between speakers and hearers. In other words, pragmatics focuses on how language is used in actual communication Accordingly, the study of pragmatics concerns issues such as when it is used how it is used. who is involved in the communication for what purpose it is used, and how the use of language is interpreted by language users
The difference between Semantics and Pragmatics Semantics: is the study of meaning isolated from context. Pragmatics: is concerned with how that meaning is used and negotiated between speakers and hearers. In other words, pragmatics focuses on how language is used in actual communication. Accordingly, the study of pragmatics concerns issues such as when it is used, how it is used, who is involved in the communication, for what purpose it is used, and how the use of language is interpreted by language users
Deixis Deixis denotes the act of using such deictic expressions. It is one of the basic things we do with utterance: pointing through anguage Deictic expressions can be used to refer to people through person deixis or location through spatial deixis or time through time deixis
• Deixis • Deixis denotes the act of using such deictic expressions. It is one of the basic things we do with utterance: pointing through language. • Deictic expressions can be used to refer to people through person deixis or location through spatial deixis or time through time deixis
(5)We run out of petrol on the way home, but as luck would have it, we are very near a garage (6) Mary and john are discussing the new marketing plan in Mary's office. during their discussion, mary receives a phone call and her presence is expected at their boss's office Mary: I will be back in 30 minutes John: Ok Words like we in(5), I and in 30 minutes in(6) whose interpretation requires context are called deictic words or deictic expressions
• (5) We run out of petrol on the way home, but as luck would have it, we are very near a garage. • (6) Mary and John are discussing the new marketing plan in Mary's office. During their discussion, Mary receives a phone call and her presence is expected at their boss's office. Mary: I will be back in 30 minutes. John: Ok. Words like we in (5), I and in 30 minutes in (6) whose interpretation requires context are called deictic words or deictic expressions
A small boy, gazing at the toffee apple on the table, points and says () Mom, I want that Or, a boss who is directing one of his employees to move the files in the office says (8)Put it there
A small boy, gazing at the toffee apple on the table, points and says: • (7) Mom, I want that. Or, a boss who is directing one of his employees to move the files in the office says: • (8) Put it there
In the English language, a basic distinction of deictic expressions can be made between proximal terms and distal terms Proximal terms: are usually construed in relation to the speakers location or "close to the speaker Distal terms: are used to denote the meaning of away from the speaker The following example involves all the three types of deixis (9)Il meet you downstairs tomorrow
• In the English language, a basic distinction of deictic expressions can be made between proximal terms and distal terms. Proximal terms: are usually construed in relation to the speaker’s location or “close to the speaker”. Distal terms: are used to denote the meaning of “away from the speaker”. The following example involves all the three types of deixis: • (9) I’ll meet you downstairs tomorrow
Presupposition In the discussion of semantic relations between sentences in Unit 3. we have encountered the term entailment, as shown in the following examples (10)a Mary managed to stop the car b. Mary stopped the car (I1)a. Mary stopped beating her husband b. Mary used to beat her husband What is the relationship between sentences(1la) and(11b) These two sentences in(11) serve as good examples of presupposition
Presupposition • In the discussion of semantic relations between sentences in Unit 3, we have encountered the term entailment , as shown in the following examples: • (10) a. Mary managed to stop the car. b. Mary stopped the car. • (11) a. Mary stopped beating her husband. b. Mary used to beat her husband. What is the relationship between sentences (11a) and (11b)? These two sentences in (11) serve as good examples of presupposition