Unit Four Politeness and translation
Objectives At the end of these units students will a. be familiar with the theory of politeness principle; b be able to apply the theory in translation practice and studies
•Objectives •At the end of these units, students will •a. be familiar with the theory of politeness principle; •b. be able to apply the theory in translation practice and studies
Warm-up Questions 1. What is the theory of politeness principle? 2. How does the theory of politeness principle relate to translation methodology
Warm-up Questions •1. What is the theory of politeness principle? •2. How does the theory of politeness principle relate to translation methodology?
Definition of politeness Politeness is a sociocultural phenomenon and basic socia guidelines for human interaction
Definition of Politeness Politeness is a sociocultural phenomenon and basic social guidelines for human interaction
The goal of politeness The goal of politeness can then be described as reflecting or realising the social or interpersonal function of language with politeness being a system of interpersonal relations designed to facilitate interaction by minimising the potential for conflict and confrontation inherent in all human interchange
The goal of politeness The goal of politeness can then be described as reflecting or realising the social or interpersonal function of language with politeness being "a system of interpersonal relations designed to facilitate interaction by minimising the potential for conflict and confrontation inherent in all human interchange‘
different approaches of politeness Politeness as a real- world goal The social-norm view of politeness The pragmatic view of politeness
different approaches of politeness Politeness as a real-world goal The social-norm view of politeness The pragmatic view of politeness
Politeness as a real-world goal the genuine desire to be nice to others it relates to the speakers n As a ' real-world goal, politeness is interpreted (psychologically) personal motivation and psychological state
Politeness as a real-world goal As a 'real-world goal', politeness is interpreted (psychologically) as the genuine desire to be "nice" to others. It relates to the speaker's personal motivation and psychological state
The social-norm view of politeness The social-norm view of politeness(Fraser, 1990: 220ff)reflects certain social and behavioural norms and rules (embodied for instance in manuals of etiquette holding in a given society which one must observe in order to be polite in the sense of displaying good manners Politeness is here intimately connected with the realisation of speech styles and formality and is often equated with deference
The social-norm view of politeness The social-norm view of politeness (Fraser, 1990: 220ff) reflects certain social and behavioural norms and rules (embodied, for instance, in manuals of etiquette) holding in a given society, which one must observe in order to be 'polite' in the sense of displaying good manners. Politeness is here intimately connected with the realisation of speech styles and formality, and is often equated with deference
The pragmatic view of politeness Politeness in terms of principles and maxims Politeness as the management of face
The pragmatic view of politeness Politeness in terms of principles and maxims Politeness as the management of face
Politeness in terms of principles and maxims Robin lakoff two basic strategies in human communication a clarity transmission of information ② rapport(密切关系) two rules of pragmatic competence( Lakoff) ① be clear 2 be polite politeness strategies 1 Don't impose( distance) (2 give option(deference) be friendly( camaraderie)
Politeness in terms of principles and maxims Robin Lakoff two basic strategies in human communication ① clarity transmission of information ② rapport(密切关系) two rules of pragmatic competence（Lakoff） ① be clear ② be polite politeness strategies ① Don't impose (distance) ② give option（deference） ③ be friendly（camaraderie）